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Topic: Latrodectus hasselti

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	Tangle web spider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The characteristics of the family are they are entelegyne (have a genital plate in the female) araneomorph ecribellate (use sticky capture silk instead of wooly silk) spiders that build tangle space webs and have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the tarsus of the forth leg.
		In the United States there are five widow spiders: the southern fl widow spider (Latrodectus mactans), the northern fl widow (Latrodectus variolus), the western fl widow (Latrodectus hesperus), the red widow (Latrodectus bishopi), and the brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus).
		Other species include the red-backed spider (Latrodectus hasselti) from Australia and accidentally introduced to Japan, the katipo (Latrodectus katipo) of New Zealand and the European fl widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) of Eurasia, among others.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/t/ta/tangle_web_spider.html (252 words)

	Theridiidae Nesticidae
		Photographed in an insectuarium where she was put in a plastic box that was placed in a cage of glass.
		Latrodectus builds her web in dark places near the ground, preferring the sheltered sides of buildings, abandoned rodent holes, or openings in stone outcroppings.
		A thread line of silk is released until the drag of the air is strong enough to lift the young spider in the air.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ednieuw/Spiders/Theridiidae/Theridiidae.htm (625 words)

	Red-back spider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) is a potentially dangerous spider now found throughout Australia.
		Its origins are uncertain, and it may have been spread by human activities during the 19th century.
		The red-back spider is related to the fl widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) found in North America and other regions but is smaller.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red-back_spider (681 words)

	C-View MEDIA Group - The Home of REPTILIAN Magazine, Europe's Premier Herp Magazine
		The genus Latrodectus (family Theridiidae, the cobweb weavers) is represented in North America by five species known as the widow spiders.
		Latrodectus pallidus is found from Libya north to Russia, while L. geometricus is found in European countries bordering the Mediterranean, also occurring in warmer countries throughout the world.
		The name “widow” is a misnomer, since until recently, in only a single species (Latrodectus hasselti from Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand) of the 30 species world-wide does the female routinely kill or injure the male during mating.
	www.cviewmedia.com /Articles/AM01_WidowSpiders.html (4030 words)

	eMJA: Latrodectism: a prospective cohort study of bites by formally identified redback spiders
		Redback spiders, Latrodectus hasselti, are widow spiders,1 arguably the most medically significant spiders in the world, and certainly in Australia.
		hasselti bites was used to examine the effect of redback spider antivenom by intramuscular administration.
		hasselti bite (circumstances and early clinical features), versus all other spider bites (obtained from the large prospective study for comparison4), to predict whether the spider was L.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/179_02_210703/isb10807_fm.html (2735 words)

	Spider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Spiders of the genus Latrodectus are some of the most widely recognized spiders around, for reasons that should be fairly obvious to anyone who has ever had to stick their hands into a dark, musty, wood pile.
		Female spiders of this genus are larger then males, and in the case of the North American Black Widow spider (Latrodectus mactans), sport a distinctive red hourglass pattern on their bellies.
		They also adapt well to urban environments, and based on their widespread distribution across many different climate zones, it is clear these spiders are versatile as well as hardy.
	chemweb.calpoly.edu /chem/bailey/377/PapersW04/Kyle/Spider.html (223 words)

	Widow spider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		There are several species of widow spider, members of the spider genus Latrodectus.
		The world-famous fl widow spider, Latrodectus mactans, has a prominent red hourglass figure on the bottom of its abdomen.
		Latrodectus mactans, the fl widow spider, warm regions of the U.S.A. Latrodectus pallidus S Europe, N Africa, SW Asia
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/w/wi/widow_spider.html (143 words)

	eMedicine - Spider Envenomations, Widow : Article Excerpt by: Sean P Bush, MD, FACEP
		The redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) is endemic to Australia.
		Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus and Latrodectus pallidus are found in Europe and South America, and the button spider (Latrodectus indistinctus) is found in South Africa.
		The adult female fl widow spider is approximately 2 cm in length and shiny fl with a red-orange hourglass or spot on the ventral abdomen.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/spider-envenomations-widow.htm (439 words)

	Refs
		Description of the male of the population of Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805, from the shores of Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara].
		Franklin CE (1988) Behavioural observations and neurophysiological responses of cockroaches envenomated with Latrodectus katipo venom.
		Pinto JEB, Rothlin RP (1974) Presynaptic adrenergic supersensitivity induced by crude Latrodectus mactans venom.
	spiderpharm.com /Species/latrefs.htm (7520 words)

	Hobo Spider Web Site: Widow Spiders
		The widow spiders, genus Latrodectus, are among the most recognized spiders on earth; they are the largest of the cobweb weavers, family Theridiidae, and all species are poisonous.
		The red widow, Latrodectus bishopi, is a U.S. species with a restricted range, being found only in palmetto fronds of sandy, scrub-pine regions of central and southern Florida.
		The malmignatte, or European fl widow, Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus, is the common widow spider of southern Europe (northern Mediterranean).
	www.srv.net /~dkv/hobospider/widows.html (1107 words)

	Spiders Publications
		"Red-back spider (Latrodectus mactans hasselti) envenomation in a neonate." Med-J-Aust 2(12): 665-6.
		"[Primary structure of delta-latroinsectotoxin from venom of the Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus spider]." Bioorg-Khim 22(1): 68-73.
		"Latrodectus mactans (fl widow spider) envenomation: an unusual cause for abdominal pain in pregnancy." Obstet-Gynecol 83(5 Pt 2): 830-1.
	www.kingsnake.com /toxinology/old/arachnid/spiderspubs.html (1258 words)

	Venomous Spiders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Latrodectus herperus, also known in the United States as the Black Widow spider, has red orange hourglass markings on the abdomen.
		Latrodectus macatans, or the Southern Black Widow is not aggressive, but tends to end up in people's clothing, very like the Latrodectus hasselti and L. tredecimguttatus.
		Latrodectus geometricus, the brown widow, causes extreme pain throughout the body, dizziness, sweating, and muscle spasms.
	sciweb.onysd.wednet.edu /academics/science/subjects/zoology/arachnids/spi.html (309 words)

	Catalog
		They are Latrodectus hasselti (red back spider) and Macrothele species (include M. gigas, M. holsti and M. taiwanensis).
		They are Latrodectus hasselti (redback spider) and Macrothele species (include M. gigas, M. holsti and M. taiwanensis).
		The redback spider belong to the genus Latrodectus (the widow spiders) and is a close native to the notorious fl widow spider.
	www.disaster.org.tw /ENGLISH/ann-med/vol3suppl1/n23text.htm (2026 words)

	Jeremy Miller
		This project is part of a larger research program on the evolution of widow spiders in collaboration with colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution (Ted Schultz), the University of California at Riverside (Jessica Garb and Cheryl Hayashi), and the University of Toronto (Maydianne Andrade).
		Knowledge of both the sexual behavior and venom characteristics of Latrodectus species is uneven and rarely comparative, so much of our effort will be focused on observing multiple species both in the lab and in the field.
		Latrodectus hasselti, more toxic and more aggressive than the native species, is now established in New Zealand.
	www.calacademy.org /research/entomology/personnel/jmiller/index.htm (3898 words)

	Spiders
		One of them is done molting, as she's produced two egg sacs in the last week, and the other is larger than she is. Also interesting is that the fellow who brought these in said that the markings on these were representative of the markings he found on all the females at his worksite.
		The spider in the photos by Laurie Grover on July 8, 2003 could be a juvenile female Latrodectus hasselti (redback spider) or a juvenile female Latrodectus hesperus (western fl widow).
		Of those five species, only adult female Latrodectus mactans and Latrodectus hesperus are fl and have complete red hourglasses on the ventral side of the abdomen near the spinnerets.
	www.rochedalss.eq.edu.au /redblack.htm (2484 words)

	eMedicine - Spider Envenomations, Redback : Article Excerpt by: Alexandr Rafailov, MD
		Background: The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) belongs to the family Theridiidae, the comb-footed spiders.
		The spider exists in higher numbers in Australia’s urban and suburban areas and is virtually absent in the continent’s forests.
		Outside of Australia, similar species of Latrodectus include Karakurt in the Central Asia, Malmignatte in Europe, the Koppie spider in South Africa, and the Night Stinger in New Zealand.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/spider-envenomations-redback.htm (662 words)

	Family Theridiidae
		The dangerous fl widow or red back, (Latrodectus hasselti) belongs to this family and these spiders are notorious for their very poisonous venom.
		The male is creamy brown of colour and with a white hour-glass pattern on the underside of his abdomen.
		There is a dispute whether she is endemic or imported and a variant of the almost extinct New-Zealandic Kapito (Latrodectus mactans) or American species.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ednieuw/australian/theridiidae/Theridiidae.html (1112 words)

	Australian Spiders
		Typical envenomations, of varying degrees with mactans (Black widow) and hasselti (Red-backed spider) being the two most toxic members of the genus, produce painful abdominal cramping and rigidity accompanied by severe hypotension.
		As is true will all poisonings, the very young or elderly are at the greatest risk as are those with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
		No toxins have been specifically reported for this specie, but due to the extreme simillarity of symptoms it is logical to conclude that specific venom proteins found in mactans (fl widow) or close analougs of these proteins are present in the venom of hasselti.
	www.kingsnake.com /toxinology/old/arachnid/spiders.html (778 words)

	Redback Spiders
		The notorious Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus sp) of the United States is a close relative of the Redback Spider, and only differs in appearance by the absence of a red dorsal stripe.
		Most males do not survive this process, which seems to be unique to Latrodectus hasselti.
		Once the female has mated, she can store sperm and use it over a period of up to two years to lay several batches of eggs.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/redback.htm (827 words)

	Reptiles Magazine - Guildelines
		Latrodectus hasselti), as I had never heard of them, and it turns out that they are in the widow spider family.
		Latrodectus mactans), which has been far more extensively studied.
		There is an effective antivenom, which is used for humans with evidence of a known bite.
	www.animalnetwork.com /reptiles/detail.aspx?aid=19756&cid=3977&search= (655 words)

	Black Widow Spiders - DesertUSA
		The Brown Widow Spider (Latrodectus geometricus) is not as dangerous as some other widow spiders because the Brown Widow Spider is less likely to bite someone, and injects less poison.
		Hundreds of Australians are bitten every year by the Red-back Spider (Latrodectus hasselti) a close relative of the Black Widow Spider.
		The Red-back is found in all parts of Australia except in the hottest deserts and on the coldest mountains.
	www.desertusa.com /july97/du_bwindow.html (1199 words)

	Latrodectus
		Description of the poisoning from a bite by a fl widow spider.
		Australian Black Widow (Latrodectus hasselti); Chris Thompson and John Loadsman.
		Black Widow (Latrodectus hesperus), Brown Recluse Spider (Loxosceles reclusa), spider treatment.
	www.arachnology.org /Arachnology/Pages/Latrodectus.html (339 words)

	Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ - Katipo spiders (Latrodectus - true kapito; and Latrodectus ...
		Even though bites are rare, it is not without reason that these spiders have earned the name katipo, a Māori name that translates as 'night-stinger'.
		These spiders belong to the worldwide genus Latrodectus, more commonly known as the widow spiders.
		Members of this group include the Australian redback (Latrodectus hasselti) and the fl widow (L.
	www.tepapa.govt.nz /TePapa/Maori/CollectionsAndResearch/Collections/InsectsSpidersAndSimilar/Spiders/Spiders_Web/what/Katipo.htm (518 words)

	Warrick Angus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Habitat use and feeding ecology of the redback spider, Latrodectus hasselti
		In the case of sedentary animals, the habitat used may have concentrated influences on an animal's life history and fitness.
		The redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) is a classic sit and wait predator, which lives a fundamentally sedentary life.
	www.bio.usyd.edu.au /hochuli/wangus.htm (339 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The proposed project will increase understanding of mating systems where males provide nuptial gifts by determining the conditions under which the most extreme type of male nuptial feeding -- male copulatory suicide--can be selected.
		This project is a comparative study of two congeneric spider species (Latrodectus hasselti and L. geometricus) in which males appear to sacrifice themselves to females during copulation.
		Field observations of daily movements, courtship behavior and mating success will be combined with staged laboratory interactions and estimations of reproductive output to characterize the mating system, selective pressures, and demographic characteristics of these two species.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/IBN.BIO.a9623182.txt (220 words)

	THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, SYNDROMIC CLASSIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF SPIDER BITES -- DIAZ 71 (2): 239 -- ...
		Latrodectus antivenom therapy is indicated for patients manifesting
		Red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom prevents the toxicity of widow spider venoms.
		Clinical and in vitro evidence for the efficacy of Australian red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom in the treatment of envenomation by a cupboard spider (Steatoda grossa).
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/239 (8059 words)

	Time Out Abu Dhabi { Features }
		REDBACK SPIDERS or latrodectus hasselti to give them their full name, come from Australia, and are believed to have been imported into the Emirates over ten years ago by unsuspecting expats.
		BLACK OR BROWN in colour with a distinctive red/orange stripe on the abdomen, the female redback is around ten millimetres long.
		THE NOTORIOUS BLACK WIDOW spider (Latrodectus variolus) of the United States is a close relative of the redback, and only differs in appearance by the absence of a red dorsal stripe.
	www.timeoutabudhabi.com /thismonth/feature.php?id=243 (346 words)

	SpiderRoom.info
		This saliva causes the insides of the prey to turn to liquid, which the spider can then suck out of the prey like a kind of slush.
		A foreign cousin of the Black Widow, the Red Back of Australia (Latrodectus hasselti), is notorious for its dangerous venom.
		Besides using their fangs to inject poison as a chemical defense, a spider's fangs are also used as physical weapons for defense.
	www.spiderroom.info /ontheoffense.html (336 words)

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