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Topic: Latvian alphabet

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	Latvian
		Latvian is the official language of the Republic of Latvia.
		Latvian is a highly inflected language with a complex grammar.
		Latvian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/Latvian.html (893 words)

	Latvian - Language Directory
		The Latvian language is spoken by 1.5 million people primarily by the Latvian population in Latvia, where it is the official language, and secondarily by the non-Latvian population in the same country.
		Latvian is one of two extant Baltic languages, a group of its own within the family of Indo-European languages.
		Latvian is an inflective language with several analytical forms, three dialects, and German syntactical influence.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/latvian.htm (301 words)

	Latvian language at AllExperts
		Latvian belongs to the Eastern Baltic sub-group of the Baltic language group in the Indo-European language family.
		Latvian emerged as a distinct language in the 16th century, having evolved from Latgalian and assimilating Curonian, Semigallian and Selonian on the way.
		Latvian is one of two living Baltic languages (with the other one being Lithuanian), a group of its own within the Indo-European language family.
	en.allexperts.com /e/l/la/latvian_language.htm (1905 words)

	Latvian alphabet - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Latvian alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet and consists of 33 letters.
		22 of them are from the Latin alphabet; the remaining 11 are obtained from Latin letters by using diacritic marks.
		Latvian alphabet, Latin-derived alphabets, Latvian culture and Languages of Latvia.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Latvian_alphabet (156 words)

	Latvian language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Latvian is a Baltic language related to Lithuanian and Old Prussian with about 1.4 million speakers in Latvia.
		The German monks who wrote these texts used a version of the the Fractur alphabet adapted from German which was ill suited to the Latvian language.
		This alphabet was used until the mid 1930s, when it was replaced with a modified version of the Latin alphabet devised by Dr. J.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/latvian.htm (202 words)

	kir\site\latvian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latvians are sometimes too busy with their independence to remember that they cannot avoid the original unity of Baltic and Slavic languages.
		Latvians or Letts were mentioned already by Herodot and some other historians, they are representatives of those of Baltic tribes who moved north from Neman, in order to settle on the lands of Finno-Ugric Estic tribes.
		Latvian is closely related to the Lithuanian language, but is the less conservative of the two, showing numerous sound changes in its historical development.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/latvian.html (268 words)

	AllRefer.com - Latvian (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Latvian or Lettish[let´ish] Pronunciation Key, a language belonging to the Baltic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Baltic languages).
		The mother tongue of close to 3 million persons living chiefly in Latvia, Latvian first became that country's official language in 1918, the year in which Latvian independence was won.
		In the pronunciation of Latvian, stress is placed on the first syllable of a word.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Latvian.html (225 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Latvian is the official state language of the Republic of Latvia, where about 1.7 million people speak it as their first language.
		The Latvian translation of the New Testament in 1685 served to stabilize the orthography.
		An important stage in the further development of the Latvian standard language is linked with the National Awakening movement in the middle of the nineteenth century when outstanding poets of the period attempted to purify, enrich, and develop Latvian into a vehicle for poetry and science.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=40&menu=004 (1187 words)

	Baltic Branch of the Indo-European Family
		Both Lithuanian and Latvian have retained many features of Proto-Indo-European, the hypothetical common ancestor of all Indo-European languages that is believed to have been spoken in Central Asia around 4,000 BC.
		Latvian was given the status of the official state language in 1989, two years prior to the country's independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991.
		Latvian and Lithuanian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/BalticBranch.html (899 words)

	Nimzowitsch - the spelling of names
		Latvian is described as a Balto-Slavic[2] language, and its alphabet is based on the Latin one.
		In the earlier alphabet, the Gothic print version, a circumflex accent was supposed to indicate that a vowel was long, thus the ê in Nêmčovič should be long, /e:/.
		In Latvian, the c with an inverted circumflex accent is and was pronounced with a palato-alveolar fricative, as in "batch".
	hemsidor.torget.se /users/n/nimzo/spellings.htm (2004 words)

	English to Latvian translation information
		Latvian has no articles (a, the) and is a highly inflected language (the endings of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals change, depending on whether they are masculine or feminine or on how they are used in a sentence).
		The Latvian alphabet is phonetic, with each letter having a number of pronunciations and differences in intonation or indicating different meanings.
		The modern Latvian alphabet is the standard Roman alphabet minus the letters Q, W, X and Y. Eleven other letters are added by modification.
	www.a2ztranslate.com /latviantranslation.asp (262 words)

	The Guardian
		Moreover, members of the Latvian SS Division "Daugavas vanagi" (Falcons of the Dvina River) were responsible for the brutal murders of Latvian citizens of Jewish, Gypsy, or Russian origin, and Soviet prisoners of war, in concentration camps such as Salaspils, near Riga.
		In March 1998, Latvian truncheon-wielding police dispersed a mass demonstration of Russian residents, protesting in front of the Latvian parliament against the punitive nature of the envisaged language laws.
		It needs stressing that by far not all Latvians take a hostile attitude to their Russian-speaking neighbours or workmates, or approve of the exclusion of the Russian language from the education system, where it remains a source of learning in the absence of Latvian translations of scientific and technical literature.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve5/1091latvia.html (1614 words)

	Latvia (05/04)
		Latvians occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of "Latvji," which may have originated from a "Latve" river that presumably flowed through what is now eastern Latvia.
		Latvians and Lithuanians are the only directly surviving members of the Baltic peoples and languages of the Indo-European family.
		Written with the Latin alphabet, Latvian is the language of the Latvian people and the official language of the country.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/l/34583.htm (3987 words)

	Vanags, Peteris, Luteranu rokasgramatas avoti
		In the foreword, Vanags writes that it was his intention to study Latvian texts of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries, but that there was a lack of precise information about the originals from which the Latvian translations were made, information that could illuminate a number of unclear cases.
		The hymns are listed in alphabetical order by the title or the first word of the first line of the Latvian translation and according to the sequence of letters in the Latvian alphabet.
		Vanags concludes that the Latvian Lutheran texts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were created during a rather long period in the sixteenth century in the form of manuscripts that were gradually supplemented.
	www.lituanus.org /2002/02_2_07.htm (2151 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		The majority of Latvians belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church; a sizable minority is Russian Orthodox, and Eastern Latvia is predominantly Roman Catholic.
		In an attempt to preserve the Latvian language and prevent ethnic Latvians from becoming a minority in their own country, Latvia enacted language, education, and citizenship laws which require capability in the Latvian language in order to become a citizen.
		Latvians and Lithuanians are the only surviving direct descendents of the Baltic peoples who speak languages of the Indo-European family.
	www.traveldocs.com /lv/people.htm (400 words)

	Baltic Online: Lesson 8: Latvian
		Latvian consonants are pronounced with the speech organs relatively relaxed; they are not aspirated as in English 'p', 't', 'k'.
		Latvian has six tenses: simple present, simple past (preterit), and simple future, and the three compound tenses in the present, past and future, which are formed with participles.
		To generate the different Latvian verb forms, it is necessary to know the infinitive stem, the present stem, and the past (preterit) stem of the verb.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/eieol/litol-8-X.html (3862 words)

	Latvian Alphabet
		Latvian is a phonetic language, it means that every letter represents a single sound, no matter which letter follows it (although there are exceptions).
		But before you proceed to learn the Latvian alphabet, make sure that your browser's character encoding is set to Baltic, otherwise you may see weird symbols instead of the intended letters.
		In Latvian, you generally have to pronounce every letter in a word, you can't omit the last 'e' or 's' like in English or French.
	www1.webng.com /learnlatvian/alfabets.html (979 words)

	The Latvian Institute (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latvian is now a modern European language used by Latvians for all walks of life; it is the official State language in the Republic of Latvia and covers the most important sociolinguistic functions in multiethnic Latvian society.
		Starting from 1918 when independence of a sovereign Latvian state was declared and up to the Soviet occupation in 1940 the Latvian language was formed into a well-developed multifunctional language with an established system of styles and developed terminology.
		During the Soviet period for political reasons Latvian linguists could not affect the shrinking of the sociolinguistic functions of Latvian therefore the retention of language quality and even its perfection were set as major tasks.
	www.li.lv /en/?id=5 (1685 words)

	J. Lelis - Basic Latvian - Grammar: 1.1
		Note that the letter c in Latvian designates a sound that has nothing to do with the "hard" or the "soft" c in English.
		However, in some English pronunciations where the glide /y/ is inserted after d- in due, after T- in Tuesday, after l- in lute and after n- in new, their qualities may approach the Latvian ģ, ķ, ļ and ņ respectively.
		In Latvian the h-sound is a consonant (not a breath as in English).
	courses.washington.edu /latvian/basic_latvian/html/grammar_11.htm (811 words)

	Latvian Language Pack
		The Latvian language helper has been designed to give beginners and travelers a basic vocabulary of words and phrases.
		Alphabet - you begin by learning how each letter in the alphabet sounds, and then are shown a word example for each letter.
		The Latvian talking clock has been designed to teach you how to say and recognize the time in the Latvian language.
	www.languagehelpers.com /Latvia/latvianlanguage.html (618 words)

	Browse BookRags
		Estonian In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä), representing the clo...
		In the Latvian alphabet Ā represents a distinct vowel and comes after A and before B i...
		It was used in the Zhuang alphabet from 1957 to 198...
	www.bookrags.com /browse (2334 words)

	Baltic
		Standard Latvian, established at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, is based on the Central dialect.
		As a result of the conquering of Latvian territory by the German Knights of the Sword by 1290, close contact between all of the so-called Eastern Balts (the Latvians with the Lithuanians as well) was considerably weakened for a long period of time.
		Standard Latvian was finally established at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, and the levelling influence of this standard language on the Latvian dialects began at this time.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05baltic (3519 words)

	Latvian - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latvian or Lettish, a language belonging to the Baltic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Baltic languages).
		Latvian Railway (LDZ) is to be restructured following approval by the government.(Latvia)
		Latvian EU lawmaker appeals for European help to overturn contentious language law at home
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Latvian.html (520 words)

	Background Notes: Latvia, .Latvia Country Background Latvia
		Latvians occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of "Latviji," which may have originated from a "Latve" river that presumably flowed through what is now eastern Latvia.
		In an attempt to preserve the Latvian language and avoid ethnic Latvians becoming a minority in their own country, Latvia's strict language law and draft citizenship law have caused many non-citizen resident Russians concern over their ability to assimilate, despite Latvian legal guarantees of universal human and civil rights regardless of citizenship.
		Naturalization criteria include a conversational knowledge of Latvian, a loyalty oath, renunciation of former citizenship, a ten-year residency requirement, and a knowledge of the Latvian constitution.
	www.realadventures.com /listings/1024132.htm (3252 words)

	The Latvian Alphabet - Letter Encoding and Graphic Image Catalog
		Of the 35 Latvian letter pairs, 22 letter pairs are common with the english language alphabet set.
		The remaining 13 Latvian letter pairs are a subset of the original 22 Latvian letter pairs with the addition of a "diacritic mark".
		To visualize the latvian alphabet, individual graphical images were created to represent one of each of the letter pairs, for a total of 70 images.
	www.daily-tangents.com /Alfabets (453 words)

	Latvia (01/07)
		Latvians are very tolerant of various religious denominations; in some cases, congregations from two or even three denominations make use of a single church.
		However, in the 1860's, the Young Latvian Movement was formed in order to promote the indigenous language against Russification policies and to publicize and counteract the socioeconomic oppression of Latvians, 60% of whom belonged to the landless, urban class.
		The military campaign generally increased Latvian and LSDU support for the Bolsheviks' successful October Revolution in 1917, in the hopes of a "free Latvia within free Russia." These circumstances led to the formation of the Soviet "Iskolat Republic" in the unoccupied section of Latvia.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm (4718 words)

	Edge Translation
		Latvian belongs to the Eastern-Baltic Sub Group of the Baltic Language group in the Indo-European language family.
		The Latvian alphabet consists of 33 letters based on the Latin alphabet.
		There is a form of Latvian used only on the internet; this is due to Latvian diacritic marks being unavailable in some computerised media.
	www.edgetranslation.net /latvian1.htm (196 words)

	BBC Education - Languages
		Latvian place names appear in Baltic texts from the 13th century.
		Substantial Latvian texts, such as Ghisbert's translation of the Lord's Prayer, date from the 16th century.
		Latvian divides into 3 main dialects, Central, High Latvian and Tamian.
	www.bbc.co.uk /languages/european_languages/languages/latvian.shtml (85 words)

	Rainer Eckert et.al. "Die baltischen Sprachen" = Reviewd by William R. Schmalstieg
		Therefore the main emphasis of the book is the presentation of the contemporary Baltic languages, Lithuanian and Latvian, languages which have retained an exceptional tradition of folk poetry and in which in the last century a belles-lettristic literature of European caliber has arisen.
		Since Latvian lacks the accent classes characteristic of the Lithuanian noun it was possible to give a more or less exhaustive treatment of the declension in fewer pages.
		The Latvian verb, on the other hand, is at least as complex as the Lithuanian verb and has at least one formation completely unknown to Lithuanian, viz., the debitive, examples of which are given by the authors in all tenses (p.
	www.lituanus.org /1995_2/95_2_07.htm (2049 words)

	Latvian
		Latvian Language or Lettish, the official language of Latvia since 1918.
		The earliest printed writings in Latvian are religious in nature: a Roman Catholic catechism (1585), a Lutheran version (1586), and a translation of the Bible (1685).
		The stress in Latvian is always on the first syllable.
	thor.prohosting.com /~linguist/latvian.htm (169 words)

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