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Topic: Latvian mythology

	Latvian mythology
		Latvians have had no national state or significant kingdom before the 1918 when the Republic of Latvia was proclaimed.
		This was established to strengthen the Latvian identity through a Latvian religion supposedly coming from the glorious ancient past, intended as strictly national, but at the same time very similar to the neo-paganism known in the rest of the world.
		Although the general view that Latvian gods had households the same way as the Latvian peasants did (the eternal problem out of this - what was the original: the heavenly or the earthly), it is hard to prove for sure.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/l/latvian_mythology.html (930 words)

	Latvian mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Latvian mythology is deeply ingrained in all aspects of Latvian culture, from traditional songs to ornamental patterns in weaving and jewelry.
		In original Latvian mythology, as opposed to dievturiba, Dekla was the goddess of fortune and destiny and was worshipped primarily in Western Latvia.
		In both Lithuanian and Latvian mythology, he is documented as the god of thunder, rain, mountains, oak trees and the sky.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latvian_mythology (3437 words)

	Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mythology figures prominently in most religions, and most mythology is tied to at least one religion.
		Stories from scripture are usually not referred to as mythology except in a pejorative sense, but one can speak of a Jewish mythology, a Christian mythology, or an Islamic mythology, in which one describes the mythic elements within these faiths without speaking to the veracity of the faith's tenets or claims about its history.
		Mythology is alive and well in the modern age through urban legends, scientific mythology, and many other ways.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/my/mythology.html (802 words)

	Anthology of Latvian Choral Music. Volume 1 - Commentary
		In Latvian mythology Laima is the goddess of destiny.
		The lyrics are taken from an episode in Act 3 where Latvian youths, on their way to study in Rome, sing a enthusiastic parting song to their patroness Spidola unaware of the tragic consequences of the journey at hand for themselves and for their homeland.
		In the poem images of suffering and a protest against the trampling of mankind's highest aspirations are heightened by the use of the motifs and symbols of the Old Testament.
	www.music.lv /SOL/Comment1.htm (2171 words)

	Encyclopedia Mythica: Areas
		The mythology area is divided in 6 geographical regions: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Oceania.
		Hundreds of images of deities, heroes, and creatures from many mythologies.
		Area with various interesting mythology and folklore related items, such as Witchcraft and the Arabian Nights.
	www.pantheon.org /areas (125 words)

	Latvian mythology - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sēņu māte - (mother of mushrooms) was the mate who presided over mushrooms and mushroom hunting, which was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Latvians.
		Some modern Latvians say prayers (badly corrupted by time) or perform other rituals originally associated with Senu mate when they go mushroom hunting.
		Latvian mythology, Basics, Sources, Historical Sources, Folklore, Folk songs, Tales, Folk beliefs and proverbs, Seasons and Festivals, List of deities and other terms, Gods and deities, Mātes, Spirits and demons, Other terms and concepts, External links, Accuracy disputes, Baltic mythology, Latvian mythology and Mythology by culture.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Gausu_mate (3782 words)

	Pagan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latvian and Lithuanian languages are the only two living Baltic languages with roots in the original Indo-European family today.
		In Latvian mythology celestial bodies and other natural phenomena were personified as mythical beings sharing a common name, Dieva Dçli (Sons Of God), and some of them become an integral part of The Annual Order of Festivals.
		In the Latvian Legend of the Sun, the source of which again is dainas, Ûsiòð is the driver of the Sun’s horses.
	theoldpath.com /website/iceheart/page4.html (4831 words)

	sf (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Unfortunately, Latvian mythology is not a topic that has so far been fully researched, and it is not likely that it will ever be, leaving much of the beliefs of the past a mystery.
		During the two decades of Latvian independence from 1918 to 1940, Latvian mythology was interpreted with very romantic and patriotic feeling, basing very little on historic fact of belief as it was in the past.
		All we can do is try to reconstruct an image of Latvian mythology from whatever remains of it there are left after both Christian religiousness and Soviet anti-religiousness have done their best to destroy all memory of it.
	www.skyforger.lv /eng/stasti/stasti_mito.htm (1320 words)

	Latvia - Dic.blogopt.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Known originally as Livonia, the area that now constitutes Latvia was under the influence of the German Sword Brethren (Schwertbrüder) from the 13th century onward until the 16th century, when the institution of Livonia was terminated and sold by the local aristocracy to Poland.
		There are also Jews (9883 in 2005) in Latvia who are now mainly a remainder from the Soviet Union, as during World War II the Jewish Community (according to the last official census in 1935 there were 93,479 Jews in the country, or approximately 5% of the total population) was annihilated.
		The current ethnic mix of the population of Latvia is largely the result of massive immigration during the years of the Soviet occupation, which resulted in a decline of the share of ethnic Latvians from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989.
	dic.blogopt.com /Latvia (1683 words)

	Baltic gods
		In Latvian mythology, Ūsiņš or Dewing Uschinge was the god of horses, bees and light, mentioned by Joannis Stribingius, the Jesuit, in 1606.
		In Latvian mythology, Martins (Mārtiņ&scaron;) was a god who protected the Latvian people, and their livestock such as horses, during the winter months, from thieves, cold and starvation.
		In Latvian mythology, Miķelis was one of dieva dēli, sons of Dievs, the supreme god.
	www.meta-religion.com /World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Baltic/baltic_gods.htm (786 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In AD 98, Tacitus, a Roman, mentioned the worship of mahtes, goddesses in the old Latvian mythology.
		Tacitus, however, did not speak Latvian and spent little time there.
		Later texts by authors who presumably knew nothing of Latvian beliefs, substituted supposedly authoritative work substituting Prussiann deities, adding extremely unlikely explanations and etymologies.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/l/la/latvian_mythology.html (158 words)

	Latvian mythology Summary
		On this basis, the Latvian goddess Zeme and the Lithuanian goddess Žemýna (diminutive, Žemynele) evolved.
		Written historical sources about the pre-Christian religion of the ancient Latvians are fragmented and often unreliable, but concur in condemning it as pagan idolatry and the worship of natural phenomena.
		Latvian mythology is deeply ingrained in all aspects of Latvian culture, from traditional songs to ornamental patterns in weaving and jewelry.
	www.bookrags.com /Latvian_mythology (0 words)

	Dekla (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Latvian mythology, Dekla (from det meaning "to make") was one of a trinity of goddesses of fate that included her sisters Karta and Laima.
		In original Latvian mythology, as opposed to dievturiba, Dekla was the goddess of fortune and destiny.
		She associates with Laima, and they are in many ways doubles, though Laima associated with humanity more.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/d/de/dekla.html (95 words)

	Working Girl / A Shrine to the Demon Mara
		Don'tcha love mythology?) Anyway, the salient points are that Mara, or Sin-Mara is a Jotun who lives in the dark part (Niflhel) of the underworld (Niflheim) and has a reputation that could be considered Demonic.
		In Buddhist mythology, Mara is the (male) demon who is often labeled as the personification of all evil.
		In many other regions, especially in the western Latvia, Mara was generally perceived to be the highest-ranking goddess in the pantheon and she took over the duties of Laima, the goddess of fate and luck, who was also the main on the three fate deities.
	www.megami-sama.net /mara/omake.php (1455 words)

	Wikinfo \| Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Myths are generally stories based on tradition and legend designed to explain the universe, the world's creation, natural phenomenon, and anything else for which no simple explanation presents itself.
		Although many people think that a mythology must be old, it does not have to be so.
		An excellent example of such a mythology is that developed by J.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Mythology (653 words)

	Regional Folklore and Mythology
		Greek Mythology discusses the cosmogony and theogony of the Greeks, the story of the Argonauts, and the Iliad and the Odyssey.
		Mythology of Jupiter offers brief versions of myths about the god Jupiter and some of the other characters after which the moons of the planet Jupiter were named.
		Dazhdbog in Russian mythology by Sergei Naoumov recounts the tale of the son of the god Perun and the mermaid Ros.
	www.pibburns.com /mythregi.htm (5605 words)

	Links to other Web sites
		Latvian folklore and traditional culture - site created in 1996 by Valdis Ērglis for Lanet, not updated from 1996: information about organizations, festivals, recordings, E-mail addresses of Latvian folklorists.
		Latvian culture - site sponsored by Latvia culture ministry and created by Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science in 1996, not updated from creation; however, site contains interesting informations about Latvian national costumes and ornaments; great design.
		Latvian folk dances - collection of Latvian folk dances, actually, electronical version of the "Books of Martin's dances"; unfortunately, it is not completed yet.
	folklora.lv /saites.en.shtml (967 words)

	Boris Vallejo 1994 Mytholgy Calendar
		In Germanic mythology, Celis, daughter of the sorceress Uslani was the most beautiful maiden in the kingdom.
		Gelvasta, the ruler of darkness in Latvian mythology, planted seeds in the center of the earth during the time before the sun came into being.
		In Carpathian mythology, a tribe of insects known as the Lakin was responsible for order and organization in the world while a band of menacing goblins known as the Hestas were constantly working to create disorder and destructiveness.
	home.planet.nl /~hls/vallejo/1994.html (876 words)

	Monetary History of Latvia
		The German and National Latvian political and military aims were contradictory, and the relationship in early 1919 in Liepaya became increasingly inimical.
		The Latvians, supported by the Western Allied Navy, defeated the Bermondt forces, and on 11 November they retreated to Yelgava, and were then dissolved.
		The Latvian coins "Lat" and "Santim" were struck of different alloys which generally were known by common names of "copper" and "silver".
	www.geocities.com /WallStreet/Floor/3952/Mhistory.html (5594 words)

	Encyclopedia Mythica: Latvian mythology
		Another scholar who has contributed much is Prof.
		His main works on Latvian mythology are in German, therefore it seems worth mentioning them:
		It was called dievturiba what can be literally translated as "having God".
	www.pantheon.org /areas/mythology/europe/latvian/latvian_mythology.html (927 words)

	Latvian mythology - Definition, explanation
		Latvian mythology is based primarily off collections of folklore and song texts.
		Latvian mythology, as a type of Baltic mythology, is very close to Lithuanian mythology.
		Later texts by authors who presumably knew nothing of Latvian beliefs, substituted supposedly authoritative work substituting Prussiann deities, adding extremely unlikely explanations and etymologies.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/la/latvian_mythology.php (0 words)

	Mythic European Crossroads
		Latvian Mythology is the Encyclopedia Mythica section for Latvia.
		Latvian traditional culture and folklore provides lists of organizations, email addresses of Latvian folklorists, festivals, and recordings.
		Mythology and Ideology in Italian Renaissance Art is a good article on mythic symbols integrated into the largely Christian art of Renaissance Europe.
	www.mythiccrossroads.com /europe.htm (698 words)

	ILGI Official Website
		If music is the heart of Latvian culture, and folk songs are its lifeblood, then Latvia’s premiere post-folk group IĻĢI have demonstrated why these ancient sounds and rhythms tradition continue to excite passions and imaginations today.
		It is Latvian in its essence, but universal in its affect on listeners.
		Formed by Ilga Reizeniece in 1981, their singing and playing was drawn from Latvian history, archaeology, ethnography, mythology and traditions – all driving forces of the Latvian independence movement, and politically taboo to the ruling Soviet and communist regime.
	www.ilgi.lv /about.html (730 words)

	Latvian Mailer - 1999_09_24.htm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Latvian president said that their opinion is that the EU would benefit from accepting all the three Baltic states as candidates for membership.
		The number of subjects to be taught in Latvian is expected to reach 75 percent by 2004.
		When you were younger you attended Latvian youth functions to party, now that you have children of your own you send them to these same functions to keep them out of trouble.
	www.latvians.com /en/Mailer/envelope.php?1999_09_24.htm (3336 words)

	Mythology - Gurupedia
		Greek mythology, and Norse mythology, which were nearly extinct at one time.
		Latvian mythology - Lusitanian mythology - Norse mythology -
		Salish mythology - Seneca mythology - Tsimshian mythology -
	www.gurupedia.com /m/my/mythology.htm (1041 words)

	Time Keeping Systems of Ancient Latvia
		These two variables are integral measurements of time which function to maintain balance in the ancient Latvian time-reckoning system.
		Divinities and terms in Latvian Mythology as part of Encyclopedia Mythica.
		The ancient Latvians relied on a "solar calendar" as the basis for their time-keeping system.
	www.daily-tangents.com /TimeQuest/TQ-cells/TC0-LV0.shtml (1005 words)

	Baltic mythological images.
		"In the Latvian national songs fragments of motives and the symbols, connecting children Dievas with idolised twins of other traditions - ancient Greek Dioscuri, Indian Asvinau were kept: sons of the god are in love with the daughter of the god (lits.
		Sons of the god embody fertility and contact an agricultural cult <...> Representation that and their most ancient attribute - horses are connected to twins both an opportunity of epidemic and healing from illness, till now meets in the Lithuanian villages.
		Many places of the Latvian folklore speak about a cemetery on a small sandy hill, frequently so full tombs, that here are not present more rooms for again arriving.
	greek-gods.tripod.com /Baltic.htm (3026 words)

	Pagan Latvian Deities (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The conversion of the Latvians to Catholic Christianity began in the 900's (A.D.) by the Danes in western Latvia, and by the Russians (to the Greek Orthodox version of Christianity) in eastern and north-eastern Latvia.
		Furthermore, the Latvians were always a different social class than the Germans: the Latvians were almost all serfs.
		What we know of the Pagan Latvian Deities comes primarily from folkloristic study of these rituals and, especially, of the Latvian folk songs.
	www.angelfire.com /al2/LatvianStuff/Deities.html (238 words)

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