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Topic: Latvian riflemen

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	1918
		The real chances of Latvian riflemen to win back Kurzeme (that was one of the aims) and to influence the course of the war were exaggerated in the Latvian press.
		The Latvian Bolsheviks supported the October revolution, but in the unoccupied part of Latvia, by the assistance of the riflemen the so- called Iskolata (designation by A.Ezergailis) was founded, the republic of the executive committee of Latvian workers, soldiers and landless peasants under the leadership of F.Rozins.
		The regiments of the Latvian riflemen retreated to the territory of Russia.
	www.politics.lv /en/vesture/1918/5.htm (889 words)

	History of Latvia
		The new Latvian army faced rogue elements of the retreating German army and squared off in civil war against the Soviet Red Army, comprised greatly of the former Latvian Riflemen.
		After the war, the U.S.S.R. subjected the Latvian republic to a scale of social and economic reorganization which rapidly transformed the rural economy to heavy industry, the strongly ethnically Latvian population into a more multiethnic structure, and the predominantly peasant class into a fully urbanized industrial worker class.
		In July 1989, the Latvian Supreme Soviet[?] adopted a "Declaration of Sovereignty" and amended the Constitution to assert the supremacy of its laws over those of the U.S.S.R. Pro-independence Latvian Popular Front candidates gained a two-thirds majority in the Supreme Council in the March, 1990 democratic elections.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Latvia.html (1302 words)

	National Symbols of Latvia
		The flag’s colour proportions are 2:1:2 (the upper and lower red bands are always twice as wide as the white band in the middle), and the correlation of the width and length of the flag is fixed as 1:2.
		The Latvian national flag, together with the national coat of arms was affirmed in this format by a special parliamentary decree of the Republic of Latvia that was passed on June 15, 1921.
		Latvians themselves have occasionally referred to the Baltic Sea as the Amber Sea (Dzintarjura), reinforcing the symbolic importance of amber (dzintars) in Latvian culture and history.
	www.combinedendeavor.areur.army.mil /pages/latvia/symbols.htm (1728 words)

	Tevijas sargs
		Establishment of Latvian Riflemen Battalions in the Summer of 1915
		At the beginning of the War, thousands of Latvians were mobilized in the Czar's army; however, in February of 1915, after the 20th Army Corps was devastated in Eastern Prussia, due to incompetence of the Russian generals, many Latvians serving there were killed or taken prisoner of war.
		Therefore, the higher command of the Russian Army began to accept the idea of using national military units to forge their victory (the opposing side had understood this as well; therefore, Polish Legions valorously fought Russians in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and Finish Jaeger units were in the process of being formed in the German Army).
	www.sargs.lv /eng/news.html (2448 words)

	The Baltic Guide Online
		Two faces of history; the Riflemen’s statue, and the museum of the Occupation, which once glorified their Communist heroism.
		One of Riga’s strangest monuments is the one to the Latvian Riflemen — the giant red statue opposite the Occupation Museum.
		Latvian Riflemen took part in the October Revolution, the suppression of democracy and the foundation of the Red Army.
	www.balticguide.ee /index.php/a2030 (717 words)

	The Latvian Institute
		Latvian newspapers awaited the new century in fear of a world war and also with hope that the new century may bring the world eternal peace and society may be freed of its great inherent contradictions.
		The notion that the Latvian Riflemen would be fighting in the name of the Latvian people and for their future freedom had become widespread among the masses.
		The Latvian soldiers who were drafted in the Russian army were in favour of Bolshevik-propagated ideas concerning each nation's right to self-determination and plans for the establishment of general prosperity within the country.
	www.li.lv /en/?id=18 (6888 words)

	Latvia / The Story of Latvia / The First World War, Struggle for Independence
		The Latvian Provisional National Council presented several protests to Germany and the Allies, pointing out that the German Landrats were usurping the power to speak in the name of the people, who had a right to self-determination and did not desire a personal union with Germany, which was only a camouflaged annexation.
		There was constant friction between the Latvians and the Germans and in one such skirmish the Commander-in-Chief of the Latvian forces, Colonel Kalpaks, fell to German bullets (on March 6, 1919.) Colonel Janis Balodis became the new Commander-in-Chief.
		All this was the fruits of the sacrifice of the blood shed by the Latvian soldiers.
	www.latvians.com /en/Reading/TheStoryOfLatvia/SoLatvia-05-chap.php (5335 words)

	SILENT NIGHT
		Riflemen in such trench dugouts were able to settle in and recline.
		Vidzemes Latvian riflemen regiment was situated in dugouts, along hills by forest Nr.
		Siberian Riflemen Regiment II Battalion holding positions on the forward line in defense, the Germans would be able to still recover and that nights losses, take back.
	www.lacplesis.com /Silent_Nights.htm (3921 words)

	Latvians in the WWII
		The Latvian riflemen division had severe battles in the vicinities of Narofominsk, Staraja Russa, Demjanovsk etc. These are localities approximately in half way between the Latvia border and Moscow.
		To be honest, the Latvians, who fought against Nazis during the WW2 on the Soviet side, in general are less prioritary for the genealogical investigation of the Western people with Latvian ancestors.
		Latvian Legion of Waffen-SS The first announcement of the conscription of Latvians into the troops of the Waffen-SS, that was usually called the Legion, took place on March 22, 1943 when the Inspector General of the Legion (the highest military rank for Latvians in the Legion) R. Bangerskis published an appeal to join the Legion.
	www.roots-saknes.lv /Ethnicities/Latvians/Latvians_WWII.htm (3659 words)

	Marginalia: Latvian Nazis?
		Latvia's democratic aspirations preceded the Latvians' strivings for a nation-state, actually; the Baltic Provinces, oppressed by tsarist autocracy and Baltic German barons, had the second largest Social Democratic organization in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the last century (after Finland).
		The Latvian Riflemen fought for "a free Latvia in a free Russia" in World War One -- many were shortly to be poisoned by Bolshevik ideology, but many joined the Latvian National Army.
		That is why VVF said "the Nazi German occupying powers bear the ultimate responsibility for the crimes they committed or instigated on Latvian soil"; her point was not to deny that crimes were committed by Latvians, but that they would not have been committed had not the Nazi occupiers instigated them.
	lettonica.blogspot.com /2006/12/latvian-nazis.html (1694 words)

	WW2 - Latvian Aviators in Soviet Service
		The inscription refers to a famous guard unit of Latvian riflemen who served (with the bolsheviks, of course) during the Russian Revolution.
		Elvichs, Pauls - (latvian, born in the Soviet Union), served in the (Soviet) Latvian Bomber Aviation Regiment.
		Admittedly pro-Soviet, he was executed in mid-flight by his Latvian pilot when he refused to defect to the Germans rather than withdraw into Soviet Russia.
	latvianaviation.com /WW2_Soviet.html (1666 words)

	History of Latvia
		The onset of WWI brought German occupation of the western coastal province of Kurzeme, and Latvians heroically countered the invasion with the establishment of several regiments of riflemen commanded by Czarist generals.
		Forty-one percent of Latvia's population is ethnically non-Latvian, yet almost three-fourths of all residents are citizens of Latvia Naturalization criteria include a conversational knowledge of Latvian, a loyalty oath, renunciation of former citizenship, a 5-year residency requirement, and a basic knowledge of the Latvian history.
		Though born in Riga in 1937, she settled in Canada during the years of the Soviet occupation, becoming a well-respected academic in the subject of Latvian culture and psychology.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/latvia.html (1906 words)

	Latvia (04/06)
		Latvians occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of "Latvji," which may have originated from a "Latve" river that presumably flowed through what is now eastern Latvia.
		Latvians and Lithuanians are the only directly surviving members of the Baltic peoples and languages of the Indo-European family.
		In an attempt to preserve the Latvian language and avoid ethnic Latvians becoming a minority in their own country, Latvia's language law, education law, and citizenship law have caused many noncitizen resident Russians concern over their ability to assimilate, despite Latvian legal guarantees of universal human and civil rights regardless of citizenship.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm (4597 words)

	2x2 Divisions
		I became convinced that these Latvian warriors (and Latvians have been known as brave warriors throughout history), fighting in front line trenches, were not responsible for the crimes committed by the two totalitarian regimes in the rear.
		Intensive conscription into the Latvian Legion started in the fall of 1943, when the German army was suffering one defeat after another on the Eastern front.
		The second in command of the 121st Guard Riflemen's Regiment and later commander of the 123rd Guard Riflemen's Regiment was a Jew, Colonel Perlovsky.
	vip.latnet.lv /lpra/fg_2reiz2.htm (1604 words)

	From one crossroads to another in Latvian art
		The first painting you see as you enter the gallery is a vast and iconic Last Supper-like painting of Lenin surrounded by a group of Latvian riflemen, all of whom are reverentially gazing at and doting on the great bearded-one.
		It wasn't until the 1960s and 1970s that Latvian artists finally began to find the freedom to follow their own agendas, although they still had to be careful with their subject matter.
		But this was nonetheless a rich period for Latvian art, and the first time since the 1930s that it at least had something in common with the fast-changing trends in Western art.
	www.baltictimes.com /news/articles/13686 (656 words)

	From Baltic To The Black Sea - RIGA DAY 2
		The Latvian national epic, Lacplesis, or Bearslayer, is about a hero whose father was a bear who kidnapped a maiden, made her pregnant (and thus bear the hero), and kept her in a cave for many years.
		The loyal traditions of these Latvian communists — of course traitors to their fellow countrymen — were furthered by Boris Pugo, a Latvian and last Interior Minister of the USSR, who was involved in the coup d'etat against Gorbachev and forced to commit suicide with his wife when the putsch failed.
		Ethnic Latvians dominate the culture and arts, agriculture and service industries, as well as the civil service, which are booming now, while Russians tend to concentrate in the heavy industries as well as transportation sectors, which face the greatest threat of corporate insolvency and unemployment.
	weecheng.com /europe/bbs/latvia/riga2.htm (3427 words)

	The Metal Crypt - Reviews
		I was prepared for this to not be as amazing as the succeeding "Thunderforge", but it is every inch as classic as the album that came after.
		"Latvian Riflemen", a concept album about the Latvian soldiers who fought in the first World War, shines with Skyforger's trademark riff-wizardry, and it never disappoints.
		"Latvian Riflemen" should not be missed by anyone who calls themselves a metal fan.
	www.metalcrypt.com /pages/reviews.php?revid=2302 (268 words)

	Marginalia
		On the night before Christmas Eve, 5 January 1917 (23 December 1916 O.S.), the Latvian Riflemen began a ferocious surprise attack on German positions in the Tīrelis swamp west of Rīga (map).
		Latvians are dubbed 'Fascists' by these media, and it must be noted here that even the position which Communist China recently took vis-à-vis the 'book war' was far more controlled.
		Many of the ethnic Latvians who participated in the occupation, however, were never Latvian citizens -- they left when Latvia became independent, and returned with the occupiers a couple of decades later.
	lettonica.blogspot.com (6622 words)

	TIME.com: Soviet Union Cry Independence -- Aug. 21, 1989 -- Page 5
		The other Baltic states jest that being Latvian is "not a nationality but a profession," a reflection of the peculiar position of an ethnic group whose cultural survival has long been threatened.
		Latvian Riflemen made up the Kremlin's elite Praetorian Guard in the years after the Bolshevik Revolution, and party boss Arvid Pelshe became a fixture of the Brezhnev gerontocracy.
		Latvian First Secretary Janis Vagris, who gained his post last October when Boris Pugo was promoted to Moscow's Party Control Committee, is viewed by many as a compromise choice whose views on reform and political pluralism are acceptable to party conservatives.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,958403-5,00.html (730 words)

	LATVIAN WAR MUSEUM
		The Latvian War Museum was founded in 1916 as the Latvian Riflemen's Museum.
		Since 1919 the museum has been located in a 14th century powder tower, formerly one of Riga's 25 fortification towers.
		The museum houses the permanent exhibitions "Latvian Soldiers During World War I 1914-1918", "Proclamation of the Latvian State and Liberation Battles 1918-1920", "The Latvian Army and Navy 1919-1940", "Latvia and World War II" and "The Road towards the Barricades 1945-1991".
	www.muzeji.lv /guide/pages_e/latkara.html (112 words)

	Monument to the Red Riflemen
		The Red Riflemen Monument is located next to the Occupation Museum of Latvia in The Latvian Riflemen Square.
		The monument, built in 1970, is to honor the Latvian red Riflemen, who guarded Lenin during the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		Other people think it is an important and necessary honor to Latvians who fought during the early years of World War I. Whatever your politics, it is an impressive monument.
	homepage.mac.com /niamey00/MonumenttotheRedRiflemen.htm (162 words)

	Latvian Riflemen
		Afterwards we signed a deal with Mascot Records and released the "Kauja pie Saules"cd in 1998, both these recordings were dedicated to the fights of ancient Latvian tribes against the christian invaders during the 13th century.
		The recording took about three months of time and we recorded the album as a trio, because our second guitarist Rihard left the band right before the recording started (now he is back in the band and we are four again).
		Well, it's nice to hear that you have such a good knowledge about Latvian army and it's history, but unfortunately there are not so much people having such a good knowledge, even in Latvia a lot of people don't know much about that time.
	www.toroddfuglesteg.com /skyforger.html (1072 words)

	Latvia: News and Political, Historical, and Economic Information Related to Latvia
		The Commonwealth's successes during the Livonian Wars (1558-1583) united the Latvian-populated duchies of Pardaugava, Kurzeme, and Zemgale, but the Polish-Swedish War (1600-1629) granted Sweden acquisition of Riga and the Duchy of Pardaugava, minus Latgale, leaving Latvia again split ethnically.
		These patrons (with such Lettish names as Alunans, Barons, Krastins, Kronvalds, Tomsons and Valdemars) soon formed the Young Latvian Movement, whose aim was to promote the indigenous language and to publicize and counteract the socio-economic oppression of Latvians.
		On May 4, the Council declared its intention to restore full Latvian independence after a "transitional" period; three days later, Ivars Godmanis was chosen Council of Ministers Chairman, or Prime Minister.
	www.russiannewsnetwork.com /latvia.html (1900 words)

	www.sightseeing.lv - All Tours
		Latvian meals tasting DE Daily 10:30 from Latvian Riflemen monument
		Latvian meals tasting EN Daily 12:00 from Latvian Riflemen monument
		Rundale SE Thursday 12:30 from Latvian Riflemen monument
	www.sightseeing.lv /content/view/43/67 (141 words)

	- Sightseeing - Soviet Riga Latvia - Latvian Riflemen Monument - In Your ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the centre of Old Riga stands a controversial statue in honour of the Latvian Red Riflemen, some of whom became Lenin's personal bodyguards.
		Some view the monument as a symbol of the old communist system and would love to tear it down.
		Others believe it is a necessary tribute to Latvians who fought in the early years of WWI.
	www.inyourpocket.com /latvia/en/venue?id=LARIENW0008 (74 words)

	SKYFORGER - Latvian Riflemen - LP
		SKYFORGER - Latvian Riflemen - LP SKYFORGER 'Latvian Riflemen'
		For the last decade, the band has been fighting under the flag of Latvian Pagan Metal; an extreme blend of traditional Baltic Folk music and various Metal influences ranging from Norwegian inspired Black Metal through to 80s-rooted Heavy Metal.
		The band's unique combination of ancient and modern influence has given them a wide appeal throughout both the Metal and Folk scenes, and has brought great variety to their song writing.
	www.hellsheadbangers.com /LPlatvianriflemen.html (79 words)

	Latvia's National and Civic Coat of Arms
		The small coat of arms can be used by other government institutions, municipal authorities and educational institutions on official documents.
		Reference: National Symbols of Latvia hosted by The Latvian Institute at www.latinst.lv.
		If the alphabet text to the left does not appear similar to the alphabet image on the right, then use the image on the right to help translate the letters on the left.
	www.daily-tangents.com /Gerboni (647 words)

	Skyforger
		We did release our demo “Semigalls’ Warchant” in 1997, first full length “Kauja Pie Saules” in 1998, second CD Latvian Riflemen in 2000 and then we decided to change labels.
		The main concept of his appearance is that of a plain-looking wise old man with a white beard, who appears in everyday-life situations, he can help with virtually everything.
		She is the goddess of the sun and of fertility, the patroness of all unfortunate people.
	www.brutalism.com /skyforger.html (2055 words)

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