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Topic: Launch Vehicle Digital Computer

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	Apollo Guidance Computer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was the first recognizably modern embedded system, used in real-time by astronaut pilots to collect and provide flight information, and to automatically control all of the navigational functions of the Apollo spacecraft.
		The computer's RAM was magnetic core memory (4K words) and ROM was implemented as core rope memory (32K words).
		These errors automatically aborted the computer's current task, but the frequency of radar data ensured that the abort signals were being sent at too great a rate for the CPU to cope [5].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer (4017 words)

	INSTRUMENT UNIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This computer complex is used to automatically checkout the flight readiness of the vehicle prior to liftoff.
		Metal splicing plates join the three segments, and the holes which permit the IU to be joined to mating surfaces of the launch vehicle are drilled at top and bottom edges of the structure for ease in handling.
		In addition, the LVDC has a duplexed memory, and if an error is found in one portion of the memory, the required output is obtained from the other and correct information read back into both memories, thus correcting the error.
	www.apollosaturn.com /s5news/p71-7.htm (3011 words)

	Encyclopedia: Apollo Guidance Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In computing and telecommunication, a parity bit is a binary digit that takes on the value zero or one to satisfy a constraint on the overall parity of a binary number.
		These were called the "central registers": In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of very fast computer memory used to speed the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to commonly used values—typically, the values being in the midst of a calculation at a given point in time.
		In computer science, an interrupt is a signal from a device which typically results in a context switch: that is, the processor sets aside what its doing and does something else.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Apollo-Guidance-Computer (5753 words)

	Soyuz-2 launch vehicle (14A14) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To enable launches of the Soyuz-2 rocket toward the ISS, plans were made to upgrade processing facilities at Site 2 in Baikonur by the year 2000.
		The launch date was then rescheduled for November 6, 2004 at 16:30 Moscow Time, however was delayed by technical problems again at the beginning of November 2004, as technical personnel was searching for hardware and software problems, which reportedly plagued the pre-launch processing.
		The Soyuz-2 launcher on the refurbished launch pad in Plesetsk in 2004.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz2.html (1047 words)

	Patent 4015246: Synchronous fault tolerant multi-processor system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The earliest approach to enhanced computer system reliability was to have two or three computers each capable of control, and to switch from one to another when one failed.
		Another proposal was a computer system composed of numerous small processors and memory modules interconnected by a time-shared bus, in which three units operate together to perform a part of the total system job.
		This invention discloses a bus guardian unit for an ultra reliable computer system, said bus guardian unit being adapted to listen to signals from a plurality of processors, etc., and act in response to same to control the connection of a processor, memory, etc., to a particular bus of a plurality of buses.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4015246.html (2825 words)

	chapter 8
		Computers were introduced not only to measure the level of fuel and oxidizer in the tanks, but also to assess propellant qualities such as temperature, stratification, and boil-off rates.
		The balky computer was not to be denied.
		With computer data accumulated for each stage and subsystem, the collected information was not only utilized for vehicle checkout at the Cape, but also for the launch and for guidance and control during the mission.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4206/ch8.htm (8738 words)

	Apollo 14 Mission Report, Chapter 11
		All launch vehicle digital computer data were lost at 3 hours and 5 minutes after launch.
		The vehicle, however, executed a normal propulsive vent about 29 minutes later indicating that the computer was operating properly.
		As a result of the loss of digital computer data, commands to the S-IVB had to be transmitted without verification of proper execution.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /alsj/a14/a14mr11.htm (1696 words)

	The Uprated Saturn I Launch Vehicle
		The Uprated Saturn I launch vehicle was conceived in 1962 at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center as the quickest, most reliable, and most economical means of providing a vehicle with greater payload capability than the Saturn I for suborbital and orbital Apollo missions before the Saturn V would be available.
		The AS-201 space vehicle will be launched from Complex 34, Cape Kennedy, the pad used for the first four Saturn I launches and the first Apollo/Uprated Saturn I last Jan. 26.
		The complex consists of a 430-foot diameter launch pad, a mobile service structure, a launch control center and related ground support equipment, vehicle service systems including RP-1 (kerosene) fuel, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen used for launch vehicle cooling and pressurization.
	www.apollosaturn.com /as202/p19-22.htm (1117 words)

	soyuz/st
		The digital control system is located primarily in the equipment bay of the third stage and will be flight-qualified during the inaugural flight of a Soyuz 2-1a launch vehicle performed on November 8, 2004 from the Plessetsk Cosmodrome.
		Following the construction of a new Soyuz launch pad coordinated between the European, French and Russian S pace Agencies, the launch vehicle's inaugural flight from the European Space Port is scheduled for 2008.
		With the introduction of the Soyuz to CSG, this famed Russian launch vehicle becomes an integral part of the European launcher fleet, together with the heavy-lift Ariane 5 and the lightweight Vega.
	www.starsem.com /soyuz/soyuzst.htm (584 words)

	Apollo Computers
		The digital computer system serves as the computation, central data, and onboard programming center, which ties in with the ground computer system during the prelaunch checkout of the overall system.
		Results from recent launchings of Saturn V vehicles are presented to confirm the adequacy of the navigation, guidance, and control system and its overall performance even under extreme flight perturbations.
		The computer and data adapter are located in the Saturn V Instrument Unit and integrated into the total guidance system of the booster.
	www.klabs.org /DEI/Processor/apollo (901 words)

	Apollo Guidance Computer and Other Computer History
		The AGC is the flight computer for the Apollo moon landings, with one unit in the command module and one in the LEM.
		The computer represents a signifant achievement in meeting the requirement for a data processor which is small, light, rugged, and low in power consumption, while possessing at the same time the qualities of speed, large modular storage capacity, and high reliability.
		Although most spaceborne digital computers are of the type often referred to as "general purpose," they have been in fact special-purpose machines in that a particular choice of design must reflect the requirements of the particular mission application.
	www.klabs.org /richcontent/Misc_Content/AGC_And_History/AGC_History.htm (10441 words)

	Memory Requirements for the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) - Case 330 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) has a modular memory system with a maximum capacity of eight modules.
		At this time, expected reserve capacity in the LVDC memory is about 18% (12.9 sectors duplex) of total capacity for AS 501, and only 11% (6.9 sectors duplex) for AS This is
		It is therefore recommended that the memory savings identified in the IBM LVDC Memory Utilization Study as being "readily obtainable" be implemented.
	klabs.org /history/history_docs/s5_lvdc/mem_rocchio_67 (207 words)

	John F. Kennedy Space Center - AS-202
		The primary mission objectives were to evaluate the Apollo command module heatshield at a high heating load and to obtain further information on the launch vehicle and spacecraft regarding their structural integrity and compatibility, flight loads, stage separation, subsystem operations, and emergency detection system operation.
		Hold for 60 minutes to resolve problem with launch vehicle digital computer during power transfer test; 48-minute hold for recurrence of computer problem; 41-minute hold to attempt to clear up problem with the remote site data processor on the Rose Knot Victor; 5-minute hold to evaluate Saturn 1B low fuel mass quantity indicator.
		Launch vehicle developed 7,116,800-newton (1,600,000-lb.) thrust during first (S-IB) stage powered flight.
	www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov /kscpao/history/apollo/as-202/as-202.htm (263 words)

	KENNEDY SPACE CENTER
		Nondestructive evaluation is important for inspecting and verifying space vehicles and their components during manufacture and to continue validating those items during assembly, launch, and on orbit.
		Advanced electronic technologies that decrease launch vehicle and payload ground processing time and cost, improve process automation, and quality and safety--these are among the accomplishments of Kennedy's Electronics and Instrumentation Technology program.
		The long-term program will develop technology for support of future space vehicles, payloads, and launch systems by advancing the state of the art in launch vehicle and payload processing electronics and instrumentation to reduce costs and enhance safety.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/spinoff1998/ard6.htm (1230 words)

	internet culture
		The general Heideggerian idea of a value inherent in technology is instanced in the statement that the high technology of factory farming, or ``agribusiness,'' is inseparable from a bad way of relating to nature, understanding it and treating it simply as something to be processed in wholesale fashion for satisfaction of human appetites.
		Evans's Psychology and Nihilism: A Genealogical Critique of the Computational Model of Mind argues that ``technocratic rationality'' is a secret value presupposed by the computer model of mind, which he takes to be the model that defines cognitive science and cognitive psychology.
		Computers and the Internet are opening up new employment opportunities, new tools, and new media for artists; correspondlingly, creating and maintaining a personal web page has become an art that many pursue in their free time.
	www.brandeis.edu /pubs/jove/HTML/V6/iculture.html (8643 words)

	TITAN II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Titan II vehicles are decommissioned intercontinental ballistic missiles that have been refurbished and equipped with hardware required for use as space launch vehicles.
		The Air Force successfully launched the first Titan II space launch vehicle from Vandenberg on Sept. 5, 1988.
		The Titan II space launch vehicle is a two-stage liquid fueled booster, designed to provide a small-to-medium weight class capability.
	www.losangeles.af.mil /SMC/PA/Fact_Sheets/ttn2_fs.htm (213 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Tracking Station \| Worldwide launch schedule
		This launch was booked on Delta 4 while Boeing was under Air Force contract suspension due to national need.
		Launch delayed from 2003, Feb. 2004, June 30, July 10 and Sept. 9.
		This spacecraft is a follow-on to MTSAT 1R launched in February 2005.
	spaceflightnow.com /tracking (2134 words)

	Webplacing News Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The two companies will be competing to be in control of the next generation of digital media life, when entertainment and information from personal computers is blended with broadcast and cable signals onto a single screen.
		Yahoo along with Ask Jeeves (Teoma) are launching their desktop search in the new year, as previously reported MSN will introduce a desktop search feature into the long awaited replacement to the XP operating system next year.
		Yahoo launches personal search, it's been coming for a long time now and here it is, watch the others follow over the next few months.
	www.webplacing.co.uk /news-archive/index.php (6971 words)

	2004 MAPLD International Conference - Session G. "Digital Engineering and Computer Design - A Retrospective and ...
		As the interfaces have gotten more sophisticated over the decades, the computational and communications load have also increased.
		For Apollo, there was radically different architectures between the Saturn V and the Apollo CSM and LEM; the Apollo CSM and LEM did share common avionics.
		Today we continuously see (and have been seeing for decades) the call for the one set of avionics to solve all spacecraft computational problems.
	www.klabs.org /mapld04/program_sessions/session_g.html (1292 words)

	OBDII Software, Vehicle Diagnostics Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		vehicle diagnostics software or you are willing to help us create language files for future distribution in other countries, please contact us at sales@digimoto.com.
		The OBD II software is used strictly to retrieve and diagnose your vehicles information and is not designed to tamper with or change anything outside of its domain.
		If you ask any service technician, they will vouch that a good vehicle diagnostics software is always necessary to get your vehicle back on the road quickly.
	www.digimoto.com (692 words)

	Clients
		Cable sports kingpin ESPN has launched a trio of VHost™-powered applications: Sports IQ (trivia), Fan ID (Which reveals what type of sports fan you are), and daily VHost™ programming updates on the front of SportsNation, their popular fan interaction area.
		Gillette selected the VHost™ Workshop as the viral vehicle with which to launch their new Venus Devine razor, wrapping in a NYC make-over weekend as a sweepstakes prize for one lucky VHost™ sender
		With the launch of Oddcast's Bjork PhotoPlayer, deployed to promote Bjork's "Greatest Hits" album as well as the 5-CD box set "Family Tree," fans can mix in their own photos along with those of the mercurial artist.
	www.oddcast.com /home/clients/clients.html (2435 words)

	Axotec Technologies - Embedded Server with lowest power consumption and full Linux Support (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With the Axotec system technology, wireless communication technologies and communication with handling of different industrial interfaces and protocols can be realized flexible, fast and at low costs.
		They are all full Linux enabled and can thus be adapted to a wide range of individual requirements.
		The systems are supporting a high degree of connectivity through industrial standards like RS232, RS 485, Ethernet, CAN-Bus, GSM, GPRS, WLAN, Bluetooth, Digital I/O, Analog inputs and many others.
	www.axotec.com (331 words)

	References: SPACEBORNE DIGITAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS
		Dickinson, M. M.; Jackson, J. B.; and Randa, C. C.: Saturn 5 Launch Vehicle Digital Computer and Data Adapter.
		Proceedings of the Fall joint Computer Conference, 1964, pp.
		Spignese, E. E.; Dawson, W. F.; and Edry,,/ R. J.: Preview of a 1970 LSI Digital Computer.
	klabs.org /history/history_docs/sp-8070/end/references.htm (1557 words)

	Microsoft Monitor: January 2004 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In addition to using infected computers to launch a denial-of-service attack against SCO on Feb. 1, the variant also has a trigger to DOS Microsoft on Feb. 3.
		Microsoft is operating under the presumption that ubiquitous digital content distribution isn’t possible without rights protection that assures copyright holders and publishers their valuable intellectual property won’t be pirated or redistributed on file-sharing networks.
		Last month, Microsoft launched the first of the new paid services, essentially the return of the Encarta research service but with spiffy, new features.
	www.microsoftmonitor.com /archives/2004_01.html (17227 words)

	Demonstration of the dynamic flowgraph methodology using the Titan II space launch vehicle digital flight control ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Demonstration of the dynamic flowgraph methodology using the Titan II space launch vehicle digital flight control system (in MARION)
		Demonstration of the dynamic flowgraph methodology using the Titan II space launch vehicle digital flight control system
		Demonstration of the dynamic flowgraph methodology using the Titan II space launch vehicle digital flight control system [microform] / M. Yau, S. Guarro, G. Apostolakis.
	js-catalog.cpl.org /MARION/AFE-9378 (132 words)

	Stark County Law Library Blawg
		We consider the differences between paper and digital in a time of disaster and speculate whether events like Katrina will change thinking about electronic discovery and electronic filing.
		The Civil Justice Reform Group and the Institute for Legal Reform have jointly launched a resource center with educational materials on the new federal class action law.
		Robert posts: “Today we launched the inaugural program of Coast to Coast, a weekly legal news podcast cohosted by J.
	temp.starklawlibrary.org /blog (11512 words)

	The Ultimate Apollo Guidance Computer - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Ultimate Apollo Guidance Computer - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was the first recognizably modern embedded system.
		Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience – By George Tomayko (Chapter 2, Part 5, "The Apollo guidance computer: Hardware")
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Apollo_Guidance_Computer (3979 words)

	Sensors Directorate Acronyms Listing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to appropriate section of the listing.
		If the term you are looking for starts with a digit or symbol, choose the '#'.
		Command, Control, Comm, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconn
	www.sn.afrl.af.mil /acronym.htm (160 words)

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