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	Rocket launch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If a rocket is launched to deliver a payload from a planetary surface into space it is called a launch vehicle.
		"Rocket launch technologies" generally refers to the entire set of systems needed to successfully launch a vehicle, not just the vehicle itself, but also the firing control systems, ground control station, launch pad, and tracking stations needed for a successful launch and/or recovery.
		The term derives from the American satellite program, Project Vanguard, as a contraction of the phrase "Satellite Launching Vehicle" abbreviated as "SLV" as a term in the list of what the rockets were allocated for: flight test, or actually launching a satellite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Launch_vehicle (354 words)

	Soyuz launch vehicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz launch vehicle (Western designation: A-2) is an expendable launch system designed by the Korolev Design Bureau (Soviet Union) and used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft, as part of the Soyuz program.
		Soyuz vehicles are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwest Russia.
		Before the introduction of this new model, Starsem launched 24 satellites of the Globalstar constellation in 6 launches with a restartable Ikar upper stage, between September 22, 1999 and November 22, 1999.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_launch_vehicle (836 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The Mission
		Launch phases begin when the spacecraft transfers to internal power on the launch pad and ends when the spacecraft is declared stable, healthy, ready to accept commands and the launch telemetry has been played back.
		Rover A launched using a Delta II 7925 launch vehicle from Space Launch Complex 17A (SLC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
		Rover B launched using a Delta II 7925H launch vehicle from SLC-17B at the Cape.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mer/mission/tl_launch.html (229 words)

	The Zenit launch vehicle
		For the 11K37 vehicle KBTM bureau's Department 8 (PKO-8) studied a launch complex with the vertical assembly of the vehicle on the launch pad.
		The construction of the launch complex for the Zenit-2 in Baikonur started in 1978 and the first launch pad was declared operational in December 1983.
		This was the 35th launch of the Zenit rocket from Baikonur.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /zenit.html (3712 words)

	Space Launch Vehicle Reliability
		The launch management had waived the temperature-dependent launch commit criteria and launched the vehicle at a colder temperature than experience indicated was prudent.
		Launch vehicle failure is usually attributed to problems associated with a subsystem, such as propulsion, avionics, separation/staging, electrical, or structures.
		Launch vehicles should be designed for low cost in manufacturing, operations, materials, and processes rather than for maximum performance or minimum weight.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2001/03.html (4639 words)

	Sea Launch Launch Vehicle page
		Sea Launch rocket components are manufactured in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine (first and second stages); Moscow, Russia (third or "upper" stage); and Seattle, Wash. (payload fairing and interstage structure).
		Following the completion of fueling and encapsulation in the payload processing facility, the integrated payload unit is transferred to the assembly and command ship for integration with the launch vehicle.
		Upon arrival at the launch site, the launch platform is positioned at 154 degrees West Longitude, ballasted to its launch depth and oriented to minimize wind and wave effects.
	www.sea-launch.com /sllaunch_vehicle.htm (273 words)

	NASA - NASA Glenn Launch Vehicle History
		Launch of the GOES-K/10 weather satellite aboard AC-79 Atlas I on April 25, 1997: [699 KB mpeg] or [6.9 MB Quicktime]
		Launch of the GOES-I/8 weather satellite aboard Atlas/Centaur-73 [mpeg, 554 K] on April 13, 1994.
		Launch of Voyager 1 aboard Titan/Centaur-6 [230K mpeg] on September 5, 1977.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/glenn/about/history/lvpo.html (571 words)

	soyuz launch vehicle
		The vehicles each consist of four boosters (first stage), a central core (second stage), a third stage, and the restartable Fregat upper stage (fourth stage).
		The four boosters are assembled around the central core and are tapered cylinders with the oxidizer tank in the tapered portion and the kerosene tank in the cylindrical portion.
		For the lower three stages of the Soyuz, launch vehicle tracking and telemetry is provided through systems in the central core and third stages.
	www.starsem.com /soyuz/soyuz.htm (748 words)

	Encyclopedia: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The GSLV or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was developed by India (Indian Space Research Organization) to launch satellites into geostationary orbit.
		It is a three-stage launch vehicle with the first stage being solid-propelled, the second liquid-propelled and the final stage being cryogenically propelled.
		The first operational flight was the launch of the EDUSAT communications satellite on 20th September 2004.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Geosynchronous-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle (356 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The Mission
		A launch vehicle provides the velocity needed by a spacecraft to escape Earth's gravity and set it on its course for Mars.
		The Boeing Delta II launch vehicle was selected for the Mars Exploration Rover mission because it has the right liftoff capability for the weight requirements and because it's extremely reliable.
		The Delta II family of launch vehicles has been in service for over 10 years and has successfully launched 90 projects including the last five NASA missions to Mars: Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Pathfinder in 1996, Mars Climate Orbiter in 1998, Mars Polar Lander in 1999, and Mars Odyssey in 2001.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mer/mission/launch_vehicle.html (338 words)

	H-IIA Launch Vehicle \| JAXA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Launch Result of MTSAT-1R/H-IIA F7 The H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 7 (H-IIA F7) with the Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1 Replacement (MTSAT-1R) onboard was launched at 6:25 p.m.
		The launch vehicle flew smoothly, and, at 40 minutes and 2 seconds after liftoff, the MTSAT-1R separation was confirmed.
		Therefore, it is categorized one of the world top-level launch vehicles both in technology and launch costs.
	h2a.jaxa.jp /index_e.html (405 words)

	Cassini-Huygens: Operations-Launch
		Standing majestically in Florida's early morning moonlit hours, the Titan IV-B/Centaur launch vehicle carrying the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was patiently awaiting the opening of the 140-minute launch window.
		Carefully wrapped inside the launch vehicle were the Cassini orbiter -- built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory -- and the Huygens probe, funded and built by the European Space Agency.
		All systems on the spacecraft were operating normally, and data confirmed the precision of the launch: the energy provided to the spacecraft by its launch vehicle was accurate to within one part in 5,000.
	saturn.jpl.nasa.gov /mission/launch.cfm (657 words)

	REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE CERTIFICATION
		The high degree of intrusiveness in the vehicle processing (planned disassembly and reassembly) as well as spares consumption (unscheduled removals and replacements) is a major driver in the degree of oversight that is used to assure mission reliability.
		Vehicle Health Management, used often interchangeably with condition monitoring or diagnosis, is loosely defined(2) as periodically or continuously sensing, measuring and recording data about the operating parameters of a machine in order to support decisions related to the operation and maintenance of the machine.
		A decrease in recurring launch costs by an order of magnitude compared to the Space Shuttle, full reusability, and flight rates of 30 to 40 launches per year for a fleet of five vehicles are routinely referenced in the program.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/nexgen/rlvhq14.htm (9656 words)

	Angara launch vehicle
		The Angara is expected to use the launch complex in Plesetsk, which was originally intended for the Zenit rocket.
		A brand-new launch complex for the Angara was also considered in Svobodny Cosmodrome in the Russian Far East, however, the current level of funding of the Russian space program left these plans in limbo.
		During 2004, Russian and Kazakh officials discussed the possiblity of building a launch complex for the heavy version of the Angara rocket in Baikonur.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /angara.html (1046 words)

	SPACE.com -- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		October 31: A SpaceX Falcon 1 rocket to launch the FalconSat-2 spacecraft for the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA) in a space shot to be staged from the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
		November: A Sea launch Zenit 3SL rocket to loft the mobile communications satellite Inmarsat 4-F-2 from the Odyssey launch platform on the Pacific Ocean.
		Launch and land on a weightless flight from NASA's Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center on Nov. 5.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/launches/launch_schedule.html (633 words)

	Space Vehicles - Launch Vehicle Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		launch vehicle needs to be a bit pointed at one end.
		vehicle; in order to bring it back to Earth through the atmosphere in good enough shape to use again without major repairs, you'll need to add some extra equipment to it.
		If you make 50 vehicles and fly them frequently, then all the maintenance procedures etc can become routine like they are on aircraft, and their cost will drop a lo-ong way.
	www.spacefuture.com /vehicles/building.shtml (1150 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Launch Vehicle
		Mars Express was launched by a Soyuz-Fregat launcher from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in June 2003.
		It is one of the most reliable launch vehicles in the world, with a 98% success rate.
		The entire launch vehicle, with its payload, is then transported by rail to the launch pad, where it is vertically erected over a large flame deflector pit.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31036 (819 words)

	Delta II Launch Vehicle
		Delta II comprises a group of expendable rockets that can be configured as two- or three-stage vehicles and with three, four or nine strap-on graphite epoxy motors (GEMs) depending on mission needs.
		Two-stage Delta II rockets typically fly LEO missions, while three-stage Delta II vehicles generally deliver payloads to GTO or are used for deep-space explorations such as NASA's missions to Mars, a comet or near-Earth asteroids.
		It provides guidance and control for the rocket resulting in the precise payload deployment that is associated with Delta II launch services.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/space/delta/delta2/delta2.htm (315 words)

	The OSP Space Launch Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Orbital Suborbital Program Space Launch Vehicle ("Minotaur") is a combination of the highly reliable Minuteman II ICBM system and the proven Pegasus launch vehicle.
		The first and second stages of the vehicle are the M-55A1 and SR-19 Minuteman II rocket motors respectively.
		The vehicle is currently capable of launching from a government pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., as well as commercial spaceports at Wallops Island, Va., Cape Canaveral, Fla., Vandenberg AFB, Calif., and Kodiak Island, Alaska.
	www.losangeles.af.mil /SMC/PA/Fact_Sheets/minotaur_fs.htm (590 words)

	Proton Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The largest Russian launch vehicle in regular use is the Proton-K, used in a 3-stage configuration for heavy, LEO missions and in a 4-stage configuration for high altitude deployments.
		The Proton is among the most reliable heavy-lift launch vehicles in operation, with a reliability rating of about 98 percent.
		Four launch pads for the Proton-K were built at Baikonur (Complexes 81 left and right and 200 left and right), but only two were operational at the end of 1994.
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/proton.htm (1484 words)

	Expendable Launch Vehicles
		Expendable Launch Vehicles, or ELV's, are vehicles designed to launch a payload into space.
		An expendable launch vehicle is made up of one or more rocket stages.
		After each stage has burned its compliment of propellant, it is expended (jettisoned from the vehicle) and left to crash back to Earth.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/elvs.shtml (87 words)

	Delta III Launch Vehicle
		A Delta III successfully launched a data-gathering payload —; DM-F3 — on August 23, 2000.
		Boeing increased the diameter of the first-stage fuel tank from Delta II to reduce the overall length of the vehicle and improve control margins.
		In response to industry requirements, Boeing encloses Delta III payloads within the fairing at the payload processing facility before transporting the encapsulated payload to the launch pad for launch vehicle integration.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/space/delta/delta3/delta3.htm (383 words)

	Soyuz launch vehicle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However it is a general purpose launch vehicle with other uses, including launches of the (Click link for more info and facts about Progress cargo spacecraft) Progress cargo spacecraft and commercial launches marketed and operated by TSeEsKAbe and the Starsem company.
		Another Soyuz-Fregat launched the ESA's (Click link for more info and facts about Mars Express) Mars Express probe from Baikonur in June 2003.
		It is planned to build a new launch pad in (Click link for more info and facts about French Guiana) French Guiana.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/soyuz_launch_vehicle.htm (785 words)

	Factsheets : Delta II Launch Vehicle : Delta II Launch Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Delta launch vehicle family began in 1959 when NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center awarded a contract to Douglas Aircraft Company (now Boeing) to produce and integrate 12 space-launch vehicles.
		The first Delta was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla., on May 13, 1960 and had the ability to deliver a 100-pound spacecraft into geostationary transfer orbit.
		The Delta II is launched primarily from Cape Canaveral AFS, but is also launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif. Members of Air Force Space Command's 45th Space Wing, with headquarters at Patrick AFB, Fla., and 30th Space Wing at Vandenberg AFB are responsible for the Delta II's military launch missions.
	www.af.mil /factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=97 (668 words)

	Soyuz Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The most active Russian launch vehicle during 1993-1994 was the Soyuz-U2 (including the Soyuz U2 variant).
		Two Soyuz-U launch pads are operational at the Baikonur Cosmodrome (Complexes 1 and 31) and three are available at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome (Complexes 16 and 43 left and right).
		Now known as Rus, the modernized launch vehicle will have an increased payload capacity (up to 8,000 kg for a 52 degree orbit) with a new flight control system, enlarged payload fairings, and modified main engines.
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/soyuz.htm (534 words)

	TERRA Launch Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The TERRA spacecraft (formally known as EOS-AM) was successfully launched on Saturday, December 18, 1999 at 18:57 GMT, on an Atlas-IIAS Expendable Launch Vehicle from Space Launch Complex-3 East at the Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in Lompoc, California.
		The TERRA launch was the first liquid hydrogen fuel expendable launch vehicle flown from VAFB.
		The encapsulated section was then transported to the SLC-3E launch pad and hoisted onto the ELV in preparation for launch.
	eos-am.gsfc.nasa.gov /launchvehicle.html (312 words)

	Sea Launch Mission page - Inmarsat-4
		Preparations are underway for the launch of the Inmarsat-4 (I-4) communications satellite in November.
		This is Sea Launch's first mission for Inmarsat and its first mission with a European spacecraft.
		From its equatorial launch site at 154 degrees West Longitude, a Zenit-3SL launch vehicle will lift the Inmarsat-4 spacecraft to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), on its way to a final orbital position of 53 degrees West Longitude.
	www.sea-launch.com /current_launch.htm (516 words)

	John F. Kennedy Space Center - Expendable Launch Vehicles
		The Virtual Launch Control Center was deactivated at 2:15 p.m.
		A hold was called approximately 3 minutes before liftoff after it was determined that there was insufficient time to confirm before launch that the correct wind profile had been loaded aboard the Delta II based on the data from the final weather balloon.
		At the end of that roll manuever, the vehicle is reoriented to second stage restart burn position.
	www.ksc.nasa.gov /elvnew/gpb/vlcc.htm (1116 words)

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