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Topic: Laura Bridgman

	Book Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Laura Bridgman, a child who was profoundly deaf as well as totally blind, presented Howe with a spectacular opportunity to demonstrate the capacities of disabled children, as well as his achievements as an educator, to an admiring world.
		When Bridgman was "tainted" at thirteen by religious ideas from some of her other teachers, Howe grew incensed and gave up hope that the girl could ever prove his conviction about the true nature of the soul.
		Laura Bridgman's story is part of our heritage as blind people and as Americans, and it is time for her story to be told.
	www.nfb.org /bm/bm01/bm0110/bm011011.htm (1763 words)

	AXE - Special Collections - Laura Dewey Bridgman
		Laura Dewey Bridgman was born on December 21, 1829, in Etna, New Hampshire.
		The Laura Bridgman Letters were donated to the Leonard H. Axe Library by Greta Gudgen on March 2, 1983.
		The letters are from Laura Bridgman to her friend Abbie Forest of Thayer, Kansas, written between 1879 and 1883.
	library.pittstate.edu /spcoll/ndxbridgman.html (426 words)

	FREDERICK ARTHUR BRIDGMAN - LoveToKnow Article on FREDERICK ARTHUR BRIDGMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		BRIDGMAN, LAURA DEWEY (1829-1889), American blind deaf-mute, was born on the 21st of December 1829 at Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A., being the third daughter of Daniel Bridgman (d.
		Laura was a delicate infant, puny and rickety, and was subject to fits up to twenty months old, but otherwise seemed to have normal senses; at two years, however, she had a very bad attack of scarlet fever, which destroyed sight and hearing, blunted the sense of smell, and left her system a wreck.
		The death of Dr Howe in 1876 was a great grief to her; but before he died he had made arrangements by which she would be financially provided for in her home at the Institution for the rest of her life.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BR/BRIDGMAN_FREDERICK_ARTHUR.htm (962 words)

	\| Review \| The History Teacher, 35.2 \| The History Cooperative
		Ernest Freeberg writes a fascinating story of Laura Bridgman whose bout with scarlet fever left her blind and deaf at the age of two.
		Her parents, Daniel and Harmony Bridgman of Hanover, New Hampshire, lost two older daughters to scarlet fever and were unable to provide proper care and supervision for their younger daughter.
		Laura Bridgman lived with Howe and his wife Julia Ward Howe for a year in their apartment at the Perkins School.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ht/35.2/br_8.html (727 words)

	Legendary Women of Causes -- Laura D. Bridgman
		Laura Dewy Bridgman was born in Hanover, New Hampshire, on December 21, 1829.Daniel and Harmony Bridgman were hardworking New England farmers, and the prettyinfant with bright blue eyes was their third child.
		Laura was lively, intelligent, and a precocious talker, already beginning to speak in short sentences.When Laura was 24 months old, she and her two older sisters were suddenly stricken with scarlet fever.
		Laura was returned to her family’s home in Hanover, New Hampshire, where she would have the support and interaction of familyand domestic life.
	causes.goldenmoon.org /legends/lbridgeman.html (971 words)

	LAURA DEWEY BRIDGMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Laura Dewey Bridgman was born on December 21, 1829 in Mill Village, part of Hanover, New Hampshire.
		Laura was a bright child, interested in her surroundings; but as she grew older, she became more and more disobedient.
		For a few days, Laura was upset at being in a new and unfamiliar place with only strangers around; but after "settling in," she was able to adapt, and her education started.
	www.workersforjesus.com /dfi/851.htm (1721 words)

	Laura Bridgman
		In 1837, when he had had five years' experience in teaching the blind, he heard of Laura Bridgman, and went to Hanover to visit her, intending, if her parents would consent, to bring her to the Institution, to see if it were possible to give her some instruction.
		Laura lifted the lid, took out the handkerchief, let the lid slam as before, and then raised the handkerchief, as if to wipe her eyes.
		Laura sat awhile without motion, and then, as the teacher reports, "uttered the most frightful yell I ever heard." Her face was pale, and she was trembling in every limb.
	female-ancestors.com /daughters/bridgman.htm (3431 words)

	The Imprisoned Guest
		The youngest of nine children, Laura's mother, Harmony Downer Bridgman, was born in 1804 on a farm just a few miles north of Hanover, in Thetford, Vermont, a tiny town that her Downer grandparents had helped settle forty years earlier.
		Bridgman never learned to communicate effectively with Laura when they were together, she worried about her daughter's well-being, wrote to her from time to time, and remained a distinct, if often distant, presence in her life.
		Daniel Bridgman's fellow townsmen thought enough of him to elect him twice to public office: he served as a selectman in 1836 and as a representative to the New Hampshire Legislature from 1856 to 1857, but does not otherwise figure in Hanover history.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/g/gitter-01guest.html (3081 words)

	Amazon.com: The Imprisoned Guest: Samuel Howe and Laura Bridgman, the Original Deaf-Blind Girl: Books: Elisabeth Gitter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Laura was often isolated from other children and adults to help make Howe's experiments in education "pure." When Howe felt that he had no more to gain from her, he left her with very limited companionship.
		Her revelations about Laura show that she had great potential for learning and growing that was left untapped as a result of her unnecessary and cruel seclusion from the world.
		Yet, as Gitter wisely and perceptively shows, the multi-faceted character behind Laura's public persona was often overlooked by Howe in his zeal to show the world that, in his words, "obstacles are things to be overcome", and that Laura Bridgman was the prime example of the veracity of his statement.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0374117381?v=glance (1620 words)

	H-Net Review: Hannah Joyner on The Imprisoned Guest: Samuel Howe and Laura Bridgman, the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		He disguised Bridgman's naturally rambunctious nature and her outbursts of frustration in an effort to prove children were not born under the curse of original sin and therefore not in need of stern punishments.[1] Howe seemed to "turn Laura into a symbol, a rhetorical tool" (Freeberg, p.
		Bridgman's gender shaped the opportunities bestowed on her, the limitations she faced, and her own responses to the circumstances of her life.
		Bridgman found a gender-appropriate way to respond to such frustrations: she refused to eat, once going from one hundred thirteen pounds to seventy-nine pounds.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=11001009473288 (2979 words)

	New Page 1
		Visitors from around the world flocked to Perkins to observe Laura's miraculous transformation, to purchase her handicrafts, and to celebrate the seemingly limitless possibilities of progressive education, charitable institutions, and social reform.
		In this sense Laura is nearly reincarnated by progressive education and institutional rehabilitation (although, as Gitter notes, Laura remains less than liberated from restrictive gender roles).
		Clearly Laura had broken out of the institutional mold of her rehabilitated self, often to the chagrin of her reformist institutional foster parents and teachers and of Howe, her beloved guardian.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /robert.harsh/transself.htm (3945 words)

	Laura Bridgman
		Upon meeting Laura, he wrote to a friend that "a human soul thus clogged and trammeled calls upon us as strongly for aid as a living man buried under ruins." He persuaded Laura's parents to bring her to live at the Boston school he had founded, the Perkins Institute for the Blind.
		Laura was "constantly joyous," "pure and spotless as the petals of a rose," Howe wrote in his annual reports.
		Laura began to punish herself physically, refusing to eat or striking herself.
	www.connsensebulletin.com /keller.html (2592 words)

	Heroine
		Briefly, Laura was born in 1829 near Hanover, New Hampshire with her parents and two sisters.
		Consequently, Laura was Dr. Howes' first successful student where she learned the meaning of words, using hand and sign language.
		Laura convinced her young student, Anne Sullivan, to be Helen Keller's teacher.
	home.comcast.net /~mikesoper/heroine.htm (690 words)

	Story of My Life - Chapter III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		As head of the Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston, he heard of Laura Bridgman and had her brought to the Institution on October 4, 1837.
		Laura Bridgman was born at Hanover, New Hampshire, December 21, 1829; so she was almost eight years old when Dr. Howe began his experiments with her.
		She taught it to Laura, and from that time on the manual alphabet was the means of communicating with her.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/biography/StoryofMyLife/chap35.html (5227 words)

	Harvard University Press: The Education of Laura Bridgman
		Laura's dark and silent life was transformed when she became the star pupil of the educational crusader Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe.
		Poignant and hopeful, The Education of Laura Bridgman is both a success story of how a sightless and soundless girl gained contact with an ever-widening world, and also a cautionary tale about the way moral crusades and scientific progress can compromise each other.
		Anticipating the life of Helen Keller a half-century later, Laura's is a pioneering story of the journey from isolation to accomplishment, as well as a window onto what it means to be human under the most trying conditions.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/FREEDU.html (321 words)

	Laura Dewey Bridgman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		BRIDGMAN, Laura Dewey, blind deaf-mute, born in Hanover, New Hampshire, 21 December, 1829.
		She was also taught the manual alphabet and its connection with the raised letters, so that when the name of a new object was spelled on her teacher's hands she would compose the same with her type.
		Laura never grew tired of learning, and Dr. Howe, after continuing for two years to teach her the names of objects, next tried to instruct her in their qualities and relations.
	www.famousamericans.net /lauradeweybridgman (816 words)

	[No title]
		At the age of eight, Bridgman was taken to the Perkins Institution for the Blind, where “the beloved ‘doctor’” [Howe] “pulled her out of her dark, soundless anomie and taught her to speak and read with her fingers, to write, to express her feelings,” and “to know herself and others” (Angier).
		Bridgman’s mastery of Howe’s Manual Alphabet as well as her continuous search for better communication throughout her life is an example of the human need for language.
		Laura Bridgman spent the rest of her life at the Perkins Institute, eventually becoming a teacher (Britannica).
	www.bhsu.edu /artssciences/asfaculty/rochse/eng426/Papers2-2002/ENGL426Paper2.doc (2484 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / LAURA BRIDGMAN
		Laura had been born near Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1829 to the common world of light and sound, but when she was two years old scarlet fever burned away her sight, her hearing, and most of her senses of smell and taste.
		She became fascinated by the concept of colorsshe developed a curious aversion to red—and was intrigued by geography, though she occasionally gave way to despair as she began to grasp how big and various a place the world was.
		Laura came to the end of her formal education when she was twenty, but she stayed at the Perkins Institution for the rest of her life.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1978/5/1978_5_78.shtml (949 words)

	APH Advisory Services News: July 2003
		Laura Bridgman was described as "one of the most interesting pupils at the Perkins Institution of the Blind." The details of her life and education were featured in the popular press and scholars were fascinated with the idea of communicating with a person who could not see or hear.
		Laura Bridgman was the first deaf and blind person to learn language, and in the mid-nineteenth century, one of the most famous women in the world.
		Laura came to study at Perkins School for the Blind when she was seven years old and stayed at the school until her death.
	www.aph.org /advisory/2003adv07.html (2694 words)

	Bridgman, Laura. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Howe, of the Perkins School for the Blind, she learned to read and write and to sew, eventually becoming a sewing teacher at the school, where she remained until her death.
		As a girl and young woman, Bridgman was famous, her life and education described in newspapers and magazines worldwide.
		Her fame was later eclipsed by that of Helen Keller.
	www.bartleby.com /65/br/BridgmanL.html (159 words)

	Women in America
		There she was, before me; built up, as it were, in a marble cell, impervious to any ray of light, or particle of sound; with her poor white hand peeping through a chink in the wall, beckoning to some good man for help, that an Immortal soul might be awakened.
		"She then gave Laura a string of beads which she used to wear at home, which were recognised by the child at once, who, with much joy, put them around her neck, and sought me eagerly to say she understood the string was from her home.
		"Laura accompanied her mother to the door, clinging close to her all the way, until they arrived at the threshold, where she paused, and felt around, to ascertain who was near her.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/DETOC/FEM/asylum.htm (5333 words)

	Deaf Literature DeafBlind
		Anticipating the life of Helen Keller a half-century later, Laura Bridgman's is a pioneering tale of her journey from isolation to accomplishment.
		By the time Laura died in 1889, she had beenwholly eclipsed by the prettier, more ingratiating Helen Keller.The Imprisoned Guest recovers Laura Bridgman's forgotten life, placing it in the context of nineteenth-century American social, intellectual, and cultural history.
		Her troubling, tumultuous relationship with Howe, who rode Laura's achievements to his own fame but could not cope with the intense, demanding adult she became, sheds light on the contradictory attitudes of a reform era in which we can find some precursors to our own.
	wally.rit.edu /pubs/guides/litdeafdb.html (1375 words)

	Samuel Gridley Howe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		That eight-year-old girl was Laura Bridgman, and she became the first deaf-and-blind child in history to get an education; it all took place at Dr. Howe's school and under his direct supervision.
		After she could identify common objects (keys, spoons, etc.) by touch, Laura was taught their names and could "read" them in raised letters on labels.
		Laura Bridgman was brought to his bedside for a visit late in 1875.
	www.workersforjesus.com /dfi/854.htm (1757 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Glossary for Binet (1905/1916) by C.D. Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Laura Bridgman (1829-1889): American woman blinded and deafened by scarlet fever at the age of two.
		She was taken to Boston's Perkins School for the Blind at the age of eight, and taught to read raised letters by the schools head, Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876).
		Sullivan had once been blind, and had attended the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston (see entry for Laura Bridgman), but had been cured by the time she was engaged to school Keller.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Binet/glossary.htm (401 words)

	[No title]
		Later, Laura would recall how he had used signs to communicate with her, and taught her about the external world by means such as having her place a stick in the water so she could feel the flow of a brook.
		Tenney objected to Laura being taken away to Perkins, arguing that the sign language the two of them were developing was most suited for her, and fearing the emotional damage that would be done if she were taken from his love and care.
		When Laura ceased to be the pure and loving disabled child and became the more complex disabled adult, with needs and desires of her own, she lost her prized position as the angelic child-wonder.
	www.ragged-edge-mag.com /0102/0102.txt (15391 words)

	The Education of Laura Bridgman \| New Hampshire Public Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		His new book is "The Education of Laura Bridgman" (Harvard University Press).
		Laura Bridgman was deaf and blind from the age of 2, and became a celebrity when she as taught to communicate with language by Dr. Samuel Howe.
		Freeburg explores not only Bridgman's own story, but the public debate that developed around her.
	www.nhpr.org /?q=node/1031 (108 words)

	Bridgman, Percy Williams articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Bridgman, Percy Williams BRIDGMAN, PERCY WILLIAMS [Bridgman, Percy Williams] 1882-1961, American physicist, b.
		He won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.
		Look up Bridgman, Percy Williams on HighBeam Research.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/01860.html (64 words)

	byGosh.com - The Story of My Life by Helen Keller
		It is now sixty-five years since Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe knew that he had made his way through Laura Bridgman's fingers to her intelligence.
		The names of Laura Bridgman and Helen Keller will always be linked together, and it is necessary to understand what Dr. Howe did for his pupil before one comes to an account of Miss Sullivan's work.
		Laura always remained an object of curious study.
	www.bygosh.com /hk/hk3-03a.htm (2354 words)

	:socialreform::special education:
		His greatest challenge, was teaching one of his students, Laura Bridgman. Laura Bridgman had been blind and deaf since the age of two.
		Bridgman eventually learned how to finger spell and became a prolific Braille reader.
		Unfortunately, she was never able to live on her own, so in that way, she did not fulfill the goals set out by Howe for his pupils.
	www.tjhsst.edu /~ccotton/production/R_Special.htm (589 words)

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