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	CTO Sea Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Laurance F. Safford, the "father of U.S. Navy cryptology," established the Naval cryptologic organization after World War I, and headed the effort more or less constantly until shortly after the Japanese attach on Pearl Harbor.
		Safford himself was directly involved with building cryptographic machines, and collaborated with the Army's Frank Rowlett in the invention of the Sigaba, the only cipher machine never broken by any country during World War II.
		Safford promoted collaboration with the Army on several fronts, and was largely responsible for the Navy entry into a joint effort with the Army on the Japanese diplomatic systems.
	groups.msn.com /ctoseadogs/safford.msnw (527 words)

	Laurance Safford - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Safford promoted the effort throughout the Navy, attracting Agnes Meyer Driscoll, Joseph Rochefort, Joseph Wenger, and others who were to lead the business through World War II and into the postwar period.
		Safford himself was wrenched out of the job in 1926, returning in 1929.
		Safford himself was directly involved with building cryptographic machines, and collaborated with the Army's Frank Rowlett in the invention of the Sigaba, a cipher machine not known to be broken by any country during World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laurance_Safford (496 words)

	NSA Patent 6,175,625 -- Laurance Safford and Donald Seiler 1944
		Laurance Safford was the premier cryptographer for the US Navy beginning in the 1920s.
		The printer is connected to the end of the code wheel maze opposite the end to which the keyboard is connected in both cases.
		Interchangeable resistors 161 of different values are supplied to adjust the impedances of the electromagnet circuits for operation from sources of different voltages, and spark suppressors comprising a resistance 162 and capacitance 163 may be connected at whatever points are desirable.
	cryptome.sabotage.org /nsa-patents/safford-1944.htm (3545 words)

	[No title]
		Safford brought a variety of resources and skills to his task of thinking through the last leg of Amelia Earhart’s flight, Lae (New Guinea) to Howland Island in the Line Islands of the western Pacific, the leg on which she and her navigator, Fred Noonan, disappeared in their Lockheed Electra on 2 July 1937.
		Safford did his work after having seen and read various accounts of Earhart’s flight and theories explaining her disappearance, most of which theories appeared nonsensical to him.
		Safford was a career Navy man and loyal to the Navy.
	home.att.net /~pfrswr/saffo_03.doc (488 words)

	Laurance Safford at AllExperts
		Captain Laurance F. Safford (1890 – 1973) was a U.S. Navy cryptologist.
		Safford promoted the effort throughout the Navy, attracting Agnes Meyer Driscoll, Joseph Rochefort, Joseph Wenger, and others who were to lead the business through World War II and into the postwar period.
		Safford himself was directly involved with building cryptographic machines, and collaborated with the Army's Frank Rowlett in the invention of the Sigaba, a cipher machine not known to be broken by any country during World War II.
	en.allexperts.com /e/l/la/laurance_safford.htm (563 words)

	More Staging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safford, who had testified before the Naval Inquiry that he had seen the "winds" message, was confronted by Sonnett.
		Safford's personal mail was read aloud before the committee in an effort to humiliate him.
		Safford was accused of being the only one to believe there ever was a "winds" message.
	www.impactnet.org /html/more_staging.html (1358 words)

	canada lowest mortgage rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safford promoted the effort throughout the Navy, attracting,,, and others who canada lowest mortgage rate re to lead the business through and into the postwar period.
		Safford himself was directly involved with building cryptographic machines, and collaborated with the Army's in canada lowest mortgage rate invention of canada lowest mortgage rate, a cipher machine not known to be broken by any country during World War II.
		Safford promoted collaboration with the Army on several fronts, and was canada lowest mortgage rate to head the effort.
	drotik.myrotunda.com /1cd2xntb (644 words)

	The New American - Though these two U.S. commanders at Pearl Harbor have been blamed for the debacle, they have ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safford, who had testified before the Naval Inquiry that he had seen the "winds" message, was confronted by Sonnett.
		Safford’s personal mail was read aloud before the committee in an effort to humiliate him.
		Safford was accused of being the only one to believe in the "winds" message.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/2001/06-04-2001/vo17no12_kimmel.htm (2682 words)

	Harry Elmer Barnes: Pearl Harbor After a Quarter of a Century
		Commander Laurance F. Safford, chief of the Security Section of Naval Communications in Washington, thought at the time that all such disturbing information was being sent from Washington to Admiral Bloch at Pearl Harbor.
		Safford asserts that he supplied Rochefort with the changing keys for these codes but did not feel that it was necessary to suggest that Rochefort use them for intercepting and reading the Japanese diplomatic messages because he thought that Kimmel and Bloch were getting all the relevant information from their superior officers in Washington.
		Safford made this discovery when he was examining the Navy files and found that the incriminating documents relative to Pearl Harbor had been removed.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/ph25_5.html (6899 words)

	Simon & Schuster: Battle Of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II (Hardcover) - Read an Excerpt
		But Safford figured that to make a good code he ought to first see what other navies were doing.
		When Safford was called to sea duty in February 1926, the "course" ended, and Rochefort, more or less by default, found himself officer in charge of the research desk.
		Safford had been a firm believer in decentralization, and Rochefort insisted he was answerable only to the new Pacific Fleet commander, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.
	www.simonsays.com /content/book.cfm?tab=25&pid=409903&agid=2 (9952 words)

	Why Weren't We Warned? [Archive] - Military Photos
		When Safford returned from sea duty to the Research Desk in June 1929, he had the material retyped in four copies on huge 12-by-18-inch forms and bound in two volumes in red buckram McBee binders, far more convenient to use.
		The agency, again under Safford, now a commander, was called OP-20-G. During the 1930s it continued to read messages in what it called the Blue Code, gaining considerable knowledge about Japan's naval maneuvers.
		Safford insisted that the "winds execute"--the forecast--was heard on December 4 and that the intercept was subsequently removed from the files as part of a coverup.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-29616.html (5285 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 00028418
		But Safford figured that to make a good code he ought to first see what other navies were doing.
		When Safford was called to sea duty in February 1926, the "course" ended, and Rochefort, more or less by default, found himself officer in charge of the research desk.
		Safford had been a firm believer in decentralization, and Rochefort insisted he was answerable only to the new Pacific Fleet commander, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/enhancements/fy0640/00028418-s.html (9969 words)

	The Silent War - Duane Whitlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One of the first U.S. naval officers to specialize in the new field of cryptology, he was largely responsible for introducing the art of cryptanalysts into the Navy.
		He was the father of traffic analysis in the Navy, in much the same sense that Lieutenant Safford was the father of cryptanalysts.
		Laurance F. Safford, "A Brief History of Communications Intelligence in the United States," Special Research History, National Archives, Modern Military Branch, Military Archives Division [hereafter SRH], no. 149, 21-7 March 1952, p.
	corregidor.org /chs_whitlock/whitlock_2.htm (3768 words)

	Harry Elmer Barnes: Pearl Harbor After a Quarter of a Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The last copy ever seen was identified by Commander Laurance F. Safford when Commander Kramer was assembling documents for the Roberts Commission a week after the Pearl Harbor attack.
		But honest and courageous experts, notably Safford, chief of the Security Division of Naval Communications, who had received the intercept from Kramer after translation and handed it over for distribution, stuck by the facts and demolished all efforts to repudiate the authenticity of Winds Execute.
		Safford was able to list some fourteen persons, including Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commander of the Asiatic fleet, who said that they had seen the Winds Execute message or had discussed it with a responsible official who had seen it.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/ph25_3.html (6937 words)

	Friedman, Safford and Washington
		Friedman is regarded as the father of American cryptology, having pioneered in communications security and cryptanalysis, as well as being a great teacher of the art.
		What William Friedman was to the Army, Laurance Safford was to the Navy.
		Beginning in the mid-1920s with a staff of one (civilian cryptanalyst Agnes Driscoll), Safford assembled the nucleus of the team that broke the Japanese naval codes during World War II.
	www.nsa.gov /museum/museu00008.cfm (189 words)

	MARSHALL TRUTH BY RESEARCHERS
		But honest and courageous experts, notably Safford, chief of the Security Division of Naval Communications, who had received the intercept from Kramer after translation and handed it over for distribution, stuck by the facts and demolished all efforts to repudiate the authenticity of Winds Execute.
		Safford was able to list some fourteen persons, including Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commander of the Asiatic fleet, who said that they had seen the Winds Execute message or had discussed it with a responsible official who had seen it.
		Safford was head of the security section of naval intelligence communications at the time of Pearl Harbor.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/truthonline/conwar.html (14117 words)

	The Battle of Midway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Shockingly, at that point, the Navy's code-breaker staff consisted of only one person, Lieutenant Laurance F. Safford.
		Safford put Rochefort into a six-month code training program in which he was given countless cryptogram tests to solve.
		When Safford went out to sea in February 1926, Rochefort was the only member of Navy cryptology staff.
	www.columbia.edu /~rrc2002/midway/people.htm (2029 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As I recall this revelation found in "Daughters of the Sky" by Briand, shocked Capt L. Safford as he was in charge of all the Navy's HF DF and he had never heard about it.This information stimulated his reasons for writing his book.
		He reported that Black had borrowed the unit at Pearl in a "hush hush" deal, and "noone in authority knew about the this deal." Apparently it was an experimental unit and of dubious reliability.
		And FN was relying on DF into Howland, Safford says, but may not have known about the HF/DF on Howland, but relied on the Itasca's.
	www.tighar.org /forum/Forum_Archives/200603.txt (15749 words)

	Flight Safford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safford Muni, AZ (SAD) > Safford Muni, AZ.
		From the quiet of streamlined flight the noise of the air was immediately apparent.
		Johnathan Safford: "On one of her last flights after 22 years cabin service, Martine Bell was asked...
	www.cruise-24.co.uk /flight-safford.html (226 words)

	Pearl Harbor Revisited: U.S. Navy Communications Intelligence, 1924-1941
		Safford and Meyer conducted research into foreign cryptography, organized training in collection and cryptanalysis, developed cryptographic systems for naval communications, and arranged with the Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet (CINCAF), and certain naval district commanders to obtain copies of radio intercept of foreign messages.
		U.S. Fleet Exercise #9 in 1929 was marked by successful exploitation by Navy cryptanalysts Safford, Rochefort, and Dyer of the Black Fleet against both the cryptography and communications of the Blue Fleet.
		Safford, Rochefort, and Dyer read all of the traffic of the opposing force (enciphered by a cumbersome cylindrical cipher) and made considerable progress in solving the signal cipher as well.
	www.history.navy.mil /books/comint/ComInt-1.html (4786 words)

	Joseph Rochefort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Until 1941, Rochefort spent nine years in cryptologic or intelligence-related assignments and fourteen years at sea with the U.S. Fleet in positions of increasing responsibility.
		In early 1941 Laurance Safford, again chief of OP-20-G in Washington, sent Rochefort to Hawaii to become OIC of Station Hypo in Pearl Harbor.
		Disputes between Rochefort in Hawaii and the new commanders of Op-20-G in Washington (Safford having been reassigned) resulted in Rochefort being detached from intelligence work not long after Midway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Rochefort (941 words)

	SIGABA - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		They referred to the combination of machines as the M-134-C. In 1935 they showed their work to a US Navy cryptographer in OP-20-G, Wenger.
		He found little interest for it in the Navy until early 1937, when he showed it to Commander Laurance Safford, Friedman's counterpart in the Navy's Office of Naval Intelligence.
		He immediately saw the potential of the machine, and he and Cmdr. Seiler then added a number of features to make the machine easier to build, resulting in the Electric Code Machine Mark II (or ECM Mark II), which the Navy then produced as the CSP-889 (or 888).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/SIGABA (1443 words)

	The Battle of Midway Roundtable
		The latter recommendation is likely to have come to naught were it not for the singular initiative, imagination, persistence, and ingenuity applied to it by Lieutenant Laurance F. Safford.
		He was the father of traffic analysis in the Navy, in much the same sense that Lieutenant Safford was the father of cryptanalysis.
		6; and Laurance F. Safford, "History of Radio Intelligence: The Undeclared War," SRH-305, 15 November 1943, pp.
	home.comcast.net /~r2russ/midway/silent_war.html (4236 words)

	Laurance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Laurance, American lawyer, statesman, and speculator from New York
		Laurance Doyle, scientist who received his PhD from the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
		This human name article is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that might otherwise share the same title, which is a person's or persons' name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laurance (106 words)

	Invention: Awards and Prizes. FREE Quality Information on Invention: Awards and Prizes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Probably the most spectacular financial award announced in 1958 was the $100,000 voted by Congress to Laurance F. Safford, a retired Navy captain, for his accomplishments in cryptography.
		Because of the secret nature of his work, he had been unable to patent any of his inventions, and in any case his only other possible customers would have been foreign governments.
		The House Committee report recommending the award said Captain Safford had been responsible for at least twenty cryptographic inventions, including an electric-cypher machine considered by many to be the most important cryptographic apparatus ever devised.
	www.thebestaffiliate.com /education/invention-awards-and-prizes.php (385 words)

	Cryptographer Resource Center - cryptographer
		Became director of Station Hypo in Hawaii which made major contributions to the break into JN-25 after the attack on Pearl Harbor which led to the successful ambush at Midway.
		WW II), proved the one-time pad to be unbreakable, founded and invented/developed information theory and major aspects of communication theory, one of the principal developers of the theory of error-correcting codes (with Richard Hamming), made major advances in logic circuit design in his Master's thesis.
		Laurance Safford, US, chief cryptographer for the US Navy for 2 decades+.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Professions_Co_-_D-/Cryptographer.html (1584 words)

	JAMES J. MARTIN: Where Was General Marshall?
		It was Capt. Safford's firm view, after comparing the message of Nov. 27 with that of Dec. 7, that Gen. Marshall had not composed either of them.
		The latter, the Dec. 7, 1941 message, was not the version previously introduced, but was the transmission copy of the message, Capt. Safford emphasized, and that as Exhibit #61 it marked the only time he believed it ever appeared in the entire investigatory proceedings.
		It is strange that no revisionist ever asked Capt. Safford where his operation, on Nebraska Avenue in Washington, got their copy of the raw intercept of the Winds Execute.
	www.vho.org /GB/Journals/JHR/4/4/Martin475-510.html (10664 words)

	US Patent Inventors Starting with the Letter S - Patent Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safford, George J. 2 inventors named Safford, George J. have been found, please choose one based on his/her location:
		Safford, Lance K. Safford, Laurance F. Safford, Meredith G. Safford, Nicholas A. Safford, Nicholas Archibald
		Safford, Sarah E. Saffran, Bruce N. 2 inventors named Saffran, Bruce N. have been found, please choose one based on his/her location:
	www.patentstorm.us /inventors/S-7.html (1787 words)

	Pearl Harbor Document: Letter from Leitweiler to Parke: The Independent Institute
		In the upper right corner of the letter, a routing designator indicates the letter was seen and initialed by Captain Laurance F. Safford (LFS), the commander of the U.S. Navy’s communications intelligence division.
		Military records in Archives II indicates Safford asserted that the United States was reading 90% of Japan’s naval code prior to December 7, 1941.
		During his testimony to Congress and other Pearl Harbor investigations, Safford never referred to this letter nor was it introduced into evidence.
	www.independent.org /issues/article.asp?id=1432 (950 words)

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