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Topic: Lauric acid

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	Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alkene oxidatative cleavage by potassium permanganate or chromic acid.
		Alkylbenzene oxidation of potassium permanganate to benzoic acids.
		Carboxylic acids are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction and α-brominated in the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carboxylic_acid (911 words)

	Lauric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lauric acid, or dodecanoic acid, is a fatty acid with the structural formula CH It is the main acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties.
		Because lauric acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle, it is often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression.
		Lauric acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid lauric acid can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lauric_acid (254 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Polarized Light Gallery - Lauric Acid
		As one of the medium-length long-chain fatty acids, lauric acid is part of the class of organic compounds known as lipids, which are vital in the construction of cellular membranes and act as a source of food under starvation conditions.
		Synthesized or extracted for the pharmaceutical industry, lauric acid is known for its antimicrobial properties, and as the precursor to monolaurin, a more powerful antimicrobial agent that is able to fight lipid-coated RNA and DNA viruses, several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and various pathogenic protozoa.
		However, pure lauric acid cannot be ingested because it is severally irritating, but when lauric acid is chemically bound to glycerol (trade name lauricidin), there are no gastrointestinal problems.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/polarized/lauricacid1.html (442 words)

	Lauric.org Recent Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In India, intake of lauric acid from coconut oil in the coconut growing areas (e.g., Kerala) range from about 12 to 20 grams per day, whereas the average for the rest of the country is less than half a gram.
		Lauric Acid Intake in the U.S. In the United States today, there is very little lauric acid in most of the foods.
		Based on the amount of lauric acid found in human milk, which is known to be effective in its role as an antimicrobial component for the infant, the percent of calories that would be appropriate can be determined.
	www.lauric.org /watsontextc.html (1186 words)

	fatty acid structure
		Fatty acids with 4 to 12 carbon atoms are found mainly in milk fats (mainly butyric acid in cow and decanoic acid in sheep) but those with 10 and 12 carbon atoms are found also in certain seed oils such as coconut and other kernel fats of the palm family.
		A new unsaturated methyl-branched fatty acid, 9-methyl-16:1(n-6) and the uncommon 11-methyl- 18:1(n-6) were found in the lipid extract of a new strain of bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus associated with the alga Cladophora coelothrix (Carballeira NM et al., Lipids, 1997, 32, 1271).
		The presence of this fatty acid in sputum lipids was successively utilized for the diagnosis of tuberculous pneumonia (Larsson L et al., J Clin Microbiol 1987, 25, 893).
	www.cyberlipid.org /fa/acid0001.htm (4144 words)

	Fats, Fatty Acids, Consumption Ratios, Saturated, Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Saturated fatty acids most frequently occur in higher concentrations in animal foods such as butter, cheese, and fatty meats, however there are certain exceptions to this rule, and plant derived fats such as coconut and palm oils are also extremely high in saturated fatty acids.
		Lauric acid and all saturated fats are "saturated" because the carbon atoms are completely filled with hydrogen atoms.
		In the case of linoleic acid (18:2n-6), there are 18 carbon atoms in the molecule, 2 double bonds (=), and the last double bond is located 6 carbon atoms down from the omega or methyl end of the fatty acid.
	www.thepaleodiet.com /nutritional_tools/fats.shtml (2283 words)

	Lauricidin® vs Coconut Oil
		He was the first to describe that lauric acid, known to be an active antibacterial agent, when esterified to glycerol to form a monoglyceride called monolaurin.
		That triacylglycerides and lauric acids found in coconut oil can be converted in the body to a pharmacologically active monoglyceride is parroted repeatedly on the Internet, state There are no studies that support the opinion that CNO or other lauric acid products form to any extent biologically active monoglycerides.
		However, these monoglycerides and fatty acids are quickly resynthesized to inactive triacylglycerols after absorption into the enterocyte whereas sn1 (3)-monoglycerides are absorbed and not converted to the triglycerides.
	www.lauricidin.com /lauricidin_coconut.htm (737 words)

	A New Look at Coconut Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The lauric acid in coconut oil is used by the body to make the same disease-fighting fatty acid derivative monolaurin that babies make from the lauric acid they get from their mothers= milk.
		These antimicrobial fatty acids and their derivatives are essentially non-toxic to man; they are produced in vivo by humans when they ingest those commonly available foods that contain adequate levels of medium-chain fatty acids such as lauric acid.
		In India, intake of lauric acid from coconut oil in the coconut growing areas (e.g., Kerala) range from about 12 to 20 grams per day (Eraly 1995), whereas the average for the rest of the country is less than half a gram.
	www.westonaprice.org /knowyourfats/coconut_oil.html (5885 words)

	Technical Information - Lauricidin® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal properties of lauric acid and monolaurin have been recognized for nearly three decades by only a small number of researchers: their work, however, has resulted in 50 or more research papers an numerous U.S. and foreign patents.
		These antimicrobial fatty acids and their derivatives are essentially nontoxic to man. According to the published research, lauric acid is one of the best "inactivating" fatty acids, and its monoglyceride is even more effective than the fatty acid alone (Kabara 1978, Sands et al 1978, Fletcher et al 1985, Kabara 1985).
		The variability of fatty acids in the foods of individuals as well as the variability from de novo synthesis accounts for the variability of fatty acids in their membranes.
	www.lauricidin.com /tech_data.htm (925 words)

	Process for the preparation of diperoxydodecanedioic acid-containing agglomerates and compositions in which these ...
		lauric acid, which process comprises the successive steps of agitating an aqueous suspension of the peroxy acid in the presence of the water-impermeable material and above the melting point thereof, cooling the suspension of the agglomerated particles thus obtained to a temperature at which the water-impermeable material turns solid, and isolating the resulting agglomerates.
		That the agglomeration of diperoxy acids in an aqueous suspension of these acids is of importance will be apparent from the generally known great hazards (explosion) involved in working with diperoxy acids in the solid or high-concentrated state.
		The procedure described in Example 1 for determining the effect of the amount of lauric acid on the agglomeration process was repeated, except that use was made of a suspension of DPDA which had been obtained as follows.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4818425.html (4737 words)

	Freezing-Point Depression
		COOH, to a known mass of lauric acid, and determine the lowering of the freezing temperature of the solution.
		Record the freezing temperature of pure lauric acid in your data table (round to the nearest 0.1°C).
		Unlike pure lauric acid, cooling a mixture of benzoic acid and lauric acid results in a slow gradual drop in temperature during the time period when freezing takes place.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~tloschia/AP/labs/FPD.htm (717 words)

	Involvement of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the ({omega}—1)-hydroxylation of oleic acid in human and rat liver microsomes -- ...
		PKC, as arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid and
		a significant inhibition of oleic acid 18-hydroxylation at a
		-hydroxylation of lauric acid by microsomes from pea seedlings.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/39/6/1210 (4957 words)

	[No title]
		Lauric acid, the major fatty acid from the fat of the coconut, has long been recognized for the unique properties that it lends to nonfood uses in the soaps and cosmetics industry.
		These antimicrobial fatty acids and their derivatives are essentially nontoxic to man; they are produced in vivo by humans when they ingest those commonly available foods that contain adequate levels of medium-chain fatty acids such as lauric acid.
		Chlamydia trachomatis is inactivated by lauric acid, capric acid, and monocaprin (Bergsson et al 1998), and hydrogels containing monocaprin are potent in vitro inactivators of sexually transmitted viruses such as HSV-2 and HIV-1 and bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Thormar 1999).
	www.mercola.com /2001/jul/28/coconut_health.htm (3083 words)

	Cayman Chemical \| Lauric Acid ethyl ester \| Description
		Lauric acid is a common 12-carbon saturated fatty acid plentiful in coconut and other nut oils.
		Saturated fatty acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, an effect that is significant at 25 µM in RAW 264.7 cells, with lauric acid being the most potent of the C:8-18 fatty acids.
		It is one of the medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters that is released during the anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with the free acid.
	www.caymanchem.com /promo/chembuyersguide/catalog/10008203.html (243 words)

	Medium-Chain Triglycerides
		Medium-chain triglycerides, commonly abbreviated MCT or MCTs, are medium-chain fatty acid esters of glycerol.
		Coconut and palm kernel oils are also called lauric oils because of their high content of the 12 carbon fatty acid, lauric or dodecanoic acid.
		The medium-chain fatty acid fraction used commercially is mainly comprised of the eight carbon caprylic or octanoic acid and the 10 carbon capric or decanoic acid.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/med_0172.shtml (2089 words)

	Coconutoil.com - Coconut: In Support of Good Health in the 21st Century
		When the fatty acid composition of the plaques (atheromas) in the arteries has been analyzed, the level of saturated fatty acids in the cholesterol esters is only 26 percent compared to that in the unsaturated fatty acids, which is 74 percent.
		When the unsaturated fatty acids in the cholesterol esters in these plaques are analyzed, it is shown that 38 percent are polyunsaturated and 36 percent are monounsaturated.
		Some research has shown that (the basic omega-3 fatty acid) -linolenic acid is not readily converted to the elongated forms in humans or animals, especially when there is ingestion of the trans fatty acids and the consequent inhibition of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme.
	www.coconutoil.com /coconut_oil_21st_century.htm (10229 words)

	Equivalence of Lauric Acid and Glycerol Monolaurate as Inhibitors of Signal Transduction in Staphylococcus aureus -- ...
		Equivalence of Lauric Acid and Glycerol Monolaurate as Inhibitors of Signal Transduction in Staphylococcus aureus -- Ruzin and Novick 182 (9): 2668 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Lauric acid was added to 15 µg/ml at 0 min and to 7.5 µg/ml at 90, 150, and 210 min.
		Lauric acid was added at 0 min (15 µg/ml) and 65 min (7.5 µg/ml) and samples (10 ml) were collected at 0, 65, 110, and 220 min.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/9/2668 (2213 words)

	MARY ENIG: Coconut Oil and the Immune System@Arts & Opinion
		These anti-microbial fatty acids and their derivatives are essentially non-toxic to man; they are produced in vivo by humans when they ingest those commonly available foods that contain adequate levels of medium-chain fatty acids such as lauric acid.
		The per capita daily intake (1985) of lauric acid countries in such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka, and consuming countries such as Singapore, was approximately 4.3 grams.
		In India, intake of lauric acid from coconut oil in the coconut growing areas (Kerala) ranges from about 12 to 20 grams per day whereas the average for the rest of the country is less than half a gram.
	www.artsandopinion.com /2005_v4_n4/coconut-enig.htm (1382 words)

	Lauric Acid in Coconut Oil
		She has specifically identified lauric acid as a key ingredient in coconut products:
		Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid, which has the additional beneficial function of being formed into monolaurin in the human or animal body.
		Monolaurin is the antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal monoglyceride used by the human or animal to destroy lipid coated viruses such as HIV, herpes, cytomegalovirus, influenza, various pathogenic bacteria including listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori, and protozoa such as giardia lamblia.
	www.coconut-connections.com /lauric_acid.htm (274 words)

	102 Lab 1
		The chemical formula of lauric acid is CH It consists of 12 carbons in a linear chain, the last of which is in the of the form of a carboxylic acid.
		The rapid increases or decreases in temperature are indications of the phase changes of the lauric acid.
		Place approximately 6 grams of lauric acid in a Pyrex test tube while the water bath is heating.
	capital2.capital.edu /faculty/sclymer/102L/102L1.html (867 words)

	Coconut-Info.com - the place for information on the health benefits of coconut products
		Coconut oil is rich in lauric acid, which is known for being anti-viral, antibacterial and anti-fungal.
		However, modern research has shown that not all saturated fats are alike and that the fatty acids in coconut oil, the medium chain triglycerides, do not raise serum cholesterol or contribute to heart disease, but are in fact very healthy.
		Unlike the US where the lauric oils are now rare, coconut oil is still a big part of the diet in the Philippines and many other tropical climates.
	www.coconut-info.com (515 words)

	Coconut Oil - Lauric Acid
		She has particularly identified lauric acid as a key ingredient in coconut products:
		Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid, which has the additional beneficial function of being formed into monolaurin in the human body.
		Monolaurin is the antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal monoglyceride used by the humans to destroy lipid coated viruses such as HIV, herpes, cytomegalovirus, influenza, various pathogenic bacteria including listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori, and protozoa such as giardia lamblia.
	www.coconut-oil-uk.com /lauric_acid.html (217 words)

	Virgin Organic Coconut Oil contains lauric acid from Assured Organics
		Virgin Coconut oil with its medium chain fatty acids are unlike other "saturated" fats as the body handles them differently and they are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream.
		Monolauric acid is a natural major component of mother's milk and strengthens the immune system.
		The high content of Lauric acid in Nature's Approved Virgin Coconut oil is quickly converted to monolauric acid in the body and much is also easily converted to energy.
	www.assuredorganics.com (451 words)

	Organic Coconut Oil/Organic Virgin Coconut Oil contain Lauric Acid
		The health problems were caused by the omission of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in the experimental diets, not by the inclusion of coconut oil.
		The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was also found to be significant with a high ration corresponding to a high incidence of Crohn's disease.
		Epidemiologic analysis of Crohn's Disease in Japan: increased dietary intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and animal protein relates to the increased incidence of Crohn's disease in Japan.
	www.dancingalgae.com /coconutbutterpage.html (906 words)

	Lauricidin Monolaurin Coconut Oil Comments
		"Much of the recent research done on coconut oil and lauric acid, the most predominant fatty acid chain found in coconut oil, has centered around the antimicrobial and anti-viral properties of this unique fatty acid.
		When lauric acid is consumed in the diet,.
		lauric acid forms a monoglyceride called monolaurin, which has been shown to destroy several bacteria and viruses, including listeria monocytogenes and helicobacter pylori, and protozoa such as giardia lamblia.
	www.yoshi2me.com /comments/lauricidin.html (677 words)

	Lauricidin - Technical Information on Lauricidin®
		A J and Truant, J P Fatty Acids and Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2(l):23-28 (1972) Kabara.
		Lauric oils as antimicrobial agents: theory of effect, scientific rationale, and dietary applications as adjunct nutritional support for HIV-infected individuals.
		Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by fatty acids and monoglycerides.
	www.aviva.ca /article.asp?articleid=13 (3094 words)

	Why Coconut Oil is the Healthiest Oil on Earth
		Recent research shows that it is the presence of trans fatty acids that causes health problems, as they are fatty acid chains that have been altered from their original form in nature by the oil refining process.
		Although many studies at the time had also shown research to the contrary, the mud stuck and by the mid 60’s the reputation of all saturated oils in America had been destroyed.
		Approximately 50% of the fatty acids in coconut fat are lauric acid.
	www.coconut-connections.com /healthiest_oil.htm (701 words)

	Lauric Acid
		He might want to go to that of lauric acid kind of lauric acid, that it must be to keep up that--committin' a rest.
		Cowperwood called on her husband, convention told her that he was worth five hundred and sixty thousand dollars' worth of lauric acid were going to do here.
		When Shannon was his father and Steger observed, having evoked the storm should blow over, but lauric acid other practical knowledge at her face.
	www.yufz.com /61/lauric-acid.html (630 words)

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