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	Kilauea Iki Lava Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This lava lake was first observed in 1823 when it was twice as deep as it is today.
		Above is a picture of the Kilauea Iki vent known as Puu Pua`i on the northwest rim of the lava lake.
		Lava fountains erupted from this vent during the 1959 eruption.
	www.albion.edu /geology/Geo210_Hawaii/Kilauea/kilauea_iki_lava_lake.htm (323 words)

	Explore Kilauea Volcano \| Eruption
		As the eruption continued, lava poured down the wall of the crater, the lava lake grew larger and deeper, and both the rate the lava extruded from the vent and the size of the lava fountain increased.
		During the second phase of the eruption, lava spilled from the lava lake in the deeper east crater and began to flow into the west crater.
		Lava from the fissures cascaded over the rim of the caldera and nearly buried all of the flows from the August 1971 eruption.
	www.fireworkstudios.com /erupt.html (3293 words)

	Ambrym Volcano Report - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lava lakes were visible in both Mbwelesu and Benbow craters that had been absent during a visit in February 2000 (Bulletin v.
		Jets of lava were regularly expelled from the lake surface and directed both vertically and at an angle towards the pit side.
		Crusting of the surface was observed when parts of the lake had a lower level of activity, most often in the NE part of the pit opposite the area of most vigorous degassing.
	www.volcanolive.com /ambrym20.html (1180 words)

	African Great Rift
		The lake is covered in an elastic skin which shines in a magnificent metallic glare in the sunlight.
		Persistent lava lakes are one of the hallmarks of Africa's historic volcanism.
		The lava lake is permanently stirred by fountains of lava and the skin that covers it in some cooler spots makes it seem alive.
	volcano.20m.com /catalog.html (1287 words)

	idaho mountain express : Ranchers try more natural approach — Sheep business sets environmental goals : For the ...
		Lava Lake, east of Carey, is in the background.
		Lava Lake Land and Livestock was created out of several sheep outfits near Carey bought four years ago by a San Francisco couple named Brian and Kathleen Bean.
		Lava Lake has donated 7,500 acres of its private land to The Nature Conservancy as a conservation easement, which prohibits subdivision by future owners.
	www.mtexpress.com /2003/03-11-12/03-11-12lavalake.htm (1775 words)

	Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)
		From June 1982 to early 1982 the volcano was active with a lava lake in the crater and phreatic explosions and lava fountaining.
		The lava lake was approximately 130 feet (40 m) in diameter and sent lava flows onto the floor of the 2,600 feet (800 m) diameter crater.
		The town of Goma is 11 miles (18 km) south of the summit of Nyiragongo and on the shore of Lake Kivu.
	www.volcanoworld.org /vwdocs/volc_images/decade/nyiragongo.html (209 words)

	Mount Erebus, Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mount Erebus (elevation: 12,444 feet, 3,794 m) is on Ross Island in the Ross Sea.
		Erebus is an active volcano with a convecting lava lake within a summit crater.
		The lava within the lava lake is alkalic in composition.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/current_volcs/erebus/erebus.html (165 words)

	[No title]
		The lava flows were still very hot beneath the surface, and heavy rain falling on the lava produced clouds of steam, which also created unfounded anxiety that further activity was occurring.
		The hazards of lava flow eruptions are governed by geological considerations, such as the chemical composition of the magma for a particular volcano.
		Lava fountains were observed from the vents during lava emission, so the high temperatures would have driven gases upwards in plumes, which would be unlikely to have grounded and been hazardous to local people at the time.
	www.who.int /disasters/repo/7658.doc (2892 words)

	idaho mountain express : Lava Lake talks promote new conservation themes : Wednesday — February 25, 2004
		Lava Lake Land and Livestock, the event’s sponsor, was created out of several sheep outfits bought four years ago by a San Francisco couple named Brian and Kathleen Bean.
		At Lava Lake Land and Livestock, the Beans and the company’s chief operating officer, Mike Stevens, are working to implement a conservation plan.
		Stevens a former biologist with TNC, said Lava lake has been collecting data on its holdings for two to three years and is drawing near to a time when it will reveal specifics about what it has been working on.
	www.mtexpress.com /2004/04-02-25/04-02-25lavalake.htm (851 words)

	[No title]
		During a crater lake inspection on 18 January 1996, in conditions of limited visibility, the crater floor was occupied by a 70-m diameter lake whose surface lay around 80 m below the overflow level.
		The lake was chiefly green- gray in color; the E part of the lake, beneath Pyramid Peak, was mostly clear.
		Lake water temperature and chemical analyses from Ruapehu, 6 and 20 December 1995, and 18 January 1996.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/misc/v21n01/virunga.v21n01.html (3685 words)

	Kupaianah Lava Lake, Hawaii
		Using a spectroradiometer, scientists were able to measure the radiative temperature and thermal output from the Kupaianaha Lava Lake.
		Such studies are of value because they show that the surface of a lava lake (or a lava flow) is remarkably cool - perhaps only a few hundred degrees centigrade - compared to the eruptive temperature of approximately 1,150°C (2,102°F).
		Such temperatures are quite similar to those the Voyager 1 spacecraft measured for the volcanic activity on Io, suggesting that silicate lavas, as opposed to molten sulfer, could exist within lava lakes on Io.
	www.solarviews.com /cap/volc/lavalake.htm (128 words)

	CVO Website - Medicine Lake and Lava Beds, California
		Medicine Lake volcano is a shield volcano of basaltic through rhyolitic composition that lies east of the main axis of the Cascade Range, approximately 50 kilometers east-northeast of Mount Shasta, which is the largest of the Cascade stratovolcanoes.
		Lavas from Medicine Lake volcano cover nearly 2000 square kilometers, and their volume is estimated to be at least 600 cubic kilometers, making it the largest volcano by volume in the Cascade Range.
		The sticking together of bits of lava spatter and fragile lava crusts strengthens the bridge in the manner that thin crusts of floating ice raft together to cover a brook during early stages of a winter freeze.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/MedicineLake/description_medicine_lake.html (5918 words)

	Hazard Slides Captions
		Individual lava fragments are visible in the spray and molten flows are visible on the flanks of the cone.
		Lava is beginning to drain back into the vent at the end of the Mauna Ulu phase two eruption on Kilauea's east rift (October 20, 1969).
		Lava from a lake on an upper level cascades into the lava lake in Pauahi's west pit during the Mauna Ulu series of eruptions at Kilauea.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/slideset/33/33_captions.shtml (1258 words)

	Lakes & Reservoirs, Oregon (Natural Features)
		Lake Billy Chinook was formed by a dam at the canyon confluence of the Metolius, Deschutes, and...
		Lake Simtustus was named for a Warm Springs warrior who served as a scout for the U.S. Army in the...
		Upper Klamath Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Oregon, and one of the largest in the nation.
	www.ohwy.com /or/l/lakes.htm (1777 words)

	"Pele Meets the Sea"
		Lava flowing out of the Earth and into the sea is the process that formed the Hawaiian Islands out of the great depths of the Pacific Ocean, and which continues to enlarge the Big Island today.
		This video shows a general view of the lava lake at a time when the level was quite low, and gives us a good view of the start of three active lava tubes on the downslope side of the lake.
		The lava from Kupaianaha travels to the coast through a lava tube that may be several meters in diameter and 1 to 5 meters beneath the surface.
	satftp.soest.hawaii.edu /space/hawaii/vfts/peleold (1368 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Giant lava lake found
		A lake of lava the size of a large city has been found on the floor of the Indian Ocean.
		The lake was detected by oceanographers from Southampton, UK, during a research cruise.
		The frozen lava is evidence of a recent volcanic eruption at the boundary of the slowly separating African and Indian tectonic plates.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1344880.stm (335 words)

	Untitled Document
		The activity of the lava lake is characterized by several points of gas discharge that release bubbles and by what appears to be rather stable convection.
		The study of convection in the lava lake (the number of conduits or rising feeding currents, the depth at which bubbles appear, etc.) is a key parameter in the dynamics of lava lakes.
		Radiant heat power from the lava lake, measured by infrared thermography, was found to vary between about 5 and 30 Mw according to activity of the lake surface and time elapsed since resurfacing events.
	www.sveurop.org /gb/articles/articles/ErtaAle.htm (1360 words)

	Erebus lava lake explosion events
		Lava lake explosion seismograms exhibit similar waveforms up to frequencies of several Hz, suggesting consistent source mechanisms, locations, and ray path parameters.
		Details of explosion onsets, however, exhibit short-period variability which suggests that the fragmentation mechanism (bubble bursting) is not identically repeated from event to event; rather, variations such as a stuttering source, multiple bursts or other complexity appear to be common.
		Recordings were made at seismic station E1S and co-located microphone E1LI, situated 0.7 km from the lava lake; traces show 2 seconds of data.
	www.ees.nmt.edu /Geop/mevo/seismic/explosions.html (321 words)

	Kilauea Iki's lava lake has finally crystallized
		Lava from the fountains ponded on the floor of Kilauea Iki Crater, forming a lake about 120 m (400 ft) thick.
		Kilauea Iki's lava lake has been likened to a magma chamber emplaced at the surface of the Earth.
		In 1975 the lake's crust was 55 m (180 ft) thick.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /volcanowatch/2003/03_01_09.html (918 words)

	BendBulletin.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lava Lake was formed by volcanic flows from a Mount Bachelor eruption.
		Over the years, Lava Lake became known as a family-friendly vacation spot where anglers had a shot at a lunker trout.
		Their bodies were subsequently dumped into Lava Lake, explained local historian Pat Schatz.
	www.bendbulletin.com /news/story.cfm?story_no=10986 (660 words)

	T-Zero Publishing: BLOG - T-Zero Publishing Volcanic Alerts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lava entered the sea mainly at the Highcastle ocean entry during 11-17 June and surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and Pulama pali during June and July 2003.
		A lava breakout occurred on 9 August between 0200 and 0300, ~1.3 km SE of the center of the Pu`u `O`o cone.
		Lake waters have covered a small post-collapse lava dome (Horseshoe Island) that was seen on the caldera floor at the time of the initial ascent to the caldera rim in 1916.
	www.iwaynet.net /~tzeropublishing/blog/gvn_200309.shtml (13695 words)

	BendBulletin.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lava Lake is a pleasant oasis after an exhausting but dusty ride from Mount Bachelor.
		The 15-mile Bachelor to Lava Lake ride is mostly downhill, big fun when you're on the right trail.
		The put-in, at Mount Bachelor Ski Area, is 22 miles west of Bend on Cascade Lakes Highway and the takeout at Lava Lake is about 13 miles farther along the highway.
	www.bendbulletin.com /news/story.cfm?story_no=4596 (839 words)

	Cascade Creek to Lava Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Summary of hike: The hike to Lava Lake is a steep, uphill trail through a narrow, forested canyon of pine, spruce and fir trees.
		The 40–acre forest–lined lake sits in a small valley surrounded by granite walls with the Spanish Peaks rising in the distance.
		The lake was formed by a landslide that dammed Cascade Creek.
	www.gallatindesign.com /websites/gvtrails/cascade.html (265 words)

	The Dynamic Earth @ National Museum of Natural History
		During a 36-day eruption in 1959, the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea produced rivers of red-hot lava that filled the adjacent crater, Kilauea Iki, to a depth of 135 m (440 ft) and created a lake of molten rock.
		The Kilauea lava lake provided scientists with a natural laboratory and a rare opportunity: a chance to observe lava slowly crystallizing.
		Deep within the lake, the lava was 31 percent liquid (now brown glass) in 1979.
	www.mnh.si.edu /earth/text/3_2_2_1.html (268 words)

	[No title]
		The pause in the eruption cause lava tube collapses and blockages.
		These are not connected to vents within earth rather they are lava tubes engorged with lava spilling out of skylights along the old lava tube.
		The one lake I was photographing decided to overflow and the lava started to come towards me. Luckily it was moving slow.
	www.volcanoimage.com /kilauea2002a.htm (394 words)

	Hazard Slides Thumbnails
		This set includes very colorful images of lava fountains, lakes, cascades, flows, spatter and lava entry to the sea from eruptions occurring over the last 30 years.
		The lower lake shown here on November 11, 1973, has a clockwise circulation and is about 150 m across.
		Lava flowed through a tube system to the sea and broke out of the tubes at various locations to destroy Kalapana and Royal Gardens during this East Rift eruption.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/slideset/33/33_thumbs.shtml (1327 words)

	Alvin Dive 3363 Transcript by Ken Macdonald
		1213 2587m, 200º, flying over edge of collapsed lava lake, lava lake renmants and pillars, now going south along this linear collapse lava lake, 6-7m deep floored by lobate and sheet flow rubble, turbid water, another collapse on top of a collapse as seen earlier.
		The lava lake edge is very sinuous and tunnels reach back under the edge as far as you can see.
		Many lava pillars also ~5m high; the center of the collapsed lava lake looks like a lava channel with jumbled sheet flow levees, and flat sheet flow along the middle.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /atl331/Alvin_Dives/3363/html/a3363MacdonaldTranscript.html (1516 words)

	sparks lake
		From Sparks to Lava Lake the terrain is nice and rolling.
		I did it at the end of the summer, the trail was either soft sand or solid lava rock.
		The views of the South Sister, Mt Bachelor and the lake are incredible.
	www.mtbr.com /trails/Oregon/sparkslake.html (513 words)

	A lava lake on Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A lava lake on Io There are places on Io where molten lava has been observed actively welling up from beneath the surface of this otherwise frozen world.
		Lavas on Io were originally thought to be molten sulfur, but with caldera temperatures far exceeding 1,000º F--too hot for liquid sulfur--these eruptions are now thought to be primarily molten silicate rocks.
		In this image a dormant volcanic caldera re-awakens with a surge of new lava that breaks up and melts a frozen crust.
	www.arcadiastreet.com /cgvistas/jupiter_050.htm (179 words)

	CHALLENGER DIVISION FOR SEAFLOOR PROCESSES
		To form such a flow requires that the lava was erupted very rapidly, fast enough to spread out as a single sheet over several tens of kilometres without freezing.
		Although there would not have been any obvious effects of the lava eruption on the sea surface, the heat released would have generated a large mass of warm water at depth in the ocean.
		Through a live web site established during the cruise the discovery of the lava lake was followed with some excitement by the world at large.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /CHD/education/lava_lake.html (1116 words)

	Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We have been using a variety of field, airborne, and spaceborne instruments to study the thermal characteristics of lava lakes, active lava flows, active lava tubes, and recently erupted lava flow fields.
		During the first year of its activity, the Kupaianaha lava lake was frequently full, with numerous sheet pahoehoe flows overtopping the rim.
		Spattering of incandescent lava on the surface of the lava pond in October 1987 illustrates the degree of difficulty in interpreting satellite thermal observations of a lava lake.
	eos.pgd.hawaii.edu /ppages/kil.html (1532 words)

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