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	antoine lavoisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lavoisier's experiments were among the first truly quantitative chemical experiments ever performed; that is, he carefully weighed the reactants and products involved, a crucial step in the advancement of chemistry.
		Also, Lavoisier clarified the concept of an element as a simple substance that could not be broken down by any known method of chemical analysis, and he devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements.
		Lavoisier's fundamental contributions to chemistry were a result of a conscious effort to fit all experiments into the framework of a single theory.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /antoine_lavoisier.html (1303 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26 1743 – May 8 1794) was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics.
		It was later discovered that the sculptor had not actually copied Lavoisier's head for the statue, but used a spare head of the Marquis de Condorcet.
		A story relates how Lavoisier arranged a final experiment at his death intended to determine whether and for how long a severed head remains conscious after decapitation.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Antoine_Lavoisier (1514 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794) was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics.
		As one of 28 French tax collectors and a powerful figure in the unpopular Ferme Générale, Lavoisier was branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionists in 1794, and tried, convicted and guillotined all on one day in Paris, at the age of 50.
		It was later discovered that the sculptor had not actually copied Lavoisier's head for the statue, but used a spare head of the Marquis de Condorcet, the Secretary of the Academy of Sciences during Lavoisier's last years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antoine_Laurent_Lavoisier (1564 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lavoisier's work was partly based on the work of Priestley (he corresponded with Priestley and fellow members of the (Click link for more info and facts about Lunar Society) Lunar Society).
		He discovered the components of water were oxygen and hydrogen, and that air was a mixture of gases - primarily (A common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues) nitrogen and oxygen.
		An apocryphal story relates how Lavoisier arranged a final experiment at his death intended to determine whether and for how long a severed head remains conscious after (Killing by cutting off the head) decapitation (though standard biographies have never mentioned the incident).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/antoine_lavoisier.htm (1281 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier - Wikipédia
		Lavoisier étudia également la composition de l'eau, et il appela ses composants oxygène et hydrogène.
		En outre, Lavoisier clarifia le concept d'un élément comme substance simple qui ne pourrait être décomposée par aucune méthode connue d'analyse chimique, et il conçut une théorie de la formation des composés chimiques des éléments.
		Lavoisier, A. Oeuvres complètes en ligne Paris ;: CRHST, 2003.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier (1009 words)

	Lavoisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lavoisier demonstrated experimentally that oxygen gas in the air is involved in combustion, calcination (rusting), and respiration, thus disproving Georg Stahl's phlogiston theory.
		Lavoisier was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1768, the same year that he entered the Ferme Generale, a private firm that collected certain taxes for the government.
		Nevertheless, Lavoisier, a moderate constitutionalist, was subjected to attacks by radicals, such as Jean Paul Marat, and his involvement with the unpopular Ferme Generale led to his execution by guillotine during the Reign of Terror.
	chemistry.mtu.edu /~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/Lavoisier.html (368 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier: Tutte le informazioni su Antoine Lavoisier su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lavoisier viene spesso indicato come il padre della chimica moderna.
		Alcuni dei più importanti esperimenti di Lavoisier esaminarono la natura della combustione.
		Inoltre, Lavoisier chiarificò il concetto di elemento come sostanza semplice che non può essere scomposta da nessun metodo conosciuto dell'analisi chimica, e concepì una teoria della formazione dei composti chimici a partire dagli elementi.
	www.encyclopedia.it /a/an/antoine_lavoisier.html (918 words)

	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier - The Father of Modern Chemistry
		Lavoisier lived from 1743 - 1794 and was called the "Father of Modern Chemistry" for his many accomplishments.
		Yet Lavoisier disproved this and showed that fire wasn’t a substance at all, water was a compound, air was compound of nitrogen and oxygen, and earth was made up of many particles.
		Lavoisier’s experiments were among the first truly quantitative experiments in chemical history.
	www.geocities.com /azaman62288/bibliography.html (798 words)

	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
		Lavoisier, the son of a very prosperous lawyer, was born in Paris on August 26, 1743.
		Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, a French scientist during the eighteenth century, is commonly referred to as the Father of Modern Chemistry.
		However, Lavoisier’s process for "discovering" combustion was so prolonged and complex that it does not seem adequate to describe it with words like "shift" or "switch." His change was more of an evolution in which he wavered back and forth before settling on one definite idea.
	cti.itc.virginia.edu /~meg3c/classes/tcc313/200Rprojs/lavoisier2/home.html (4298 words)

	timelinescience - the phlogiston theory (Lavoisier) - resources
		Lavoisier did most of his experiments with the help of his wife Marie-Anne, whom he married when she was only 13 years old.
		In 1774 Lavoisier heated charcoal with a number of metal oxides in sealed containers and reported that the total mass of the container was the same before and after heating, but that when the containers were opened air rushed out under pressure.
		As a result, Lavoisier's ideas (for some time known as "the antiphlogist's theory") were accepted by the majority of scientists very rapidly, although he was guillotined in the French Revolution before he saw the full extent of the triumph of his theory.
	www.timelinescience.org /resource/students/phlog/lavois.htm (800 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26 1743 - May 8 1794) was a French chemist.
		Born in Paris, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier would later attend the College Mazarin from 1754 to 1761, studying chemistry, botany, astronomy, and mathematics.
		As one of 28 French tax collectors Lavoisier was branded a traitor by revolutionists in 1794 and guillotined in Paris, at the age of 51.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/a/an/antoine_lavoisier.html (945 words)

	NOVA \| Einstein's Big Idea \| Ancestors of E = mc2: m \| PBS
		Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, as much as anyone else, first showed that all the seemingly diverse bits of tree and rock and iron on Earth—all the "mass" there is—really were parts of a single connected whole.
		With all of Lavoisier's accurate weighing and chemical analysis, other researchers were able to start tracing how that conservation happened in practice—as with his working out how oxygen molecules cascaded from the air to stick to iron.
		Lavoisier not only proved that metal weighs more when it rusts, he also first identified and named the gas involved in the process—oxygen.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/einstein/ance-m.html (675 words)

	Sportscience History Makers - Lavoisier
		Lavoisier and Laplace concluded that the total heat produced by the animal equaled the amount heat required to melt ice.
		Lavoisier, extremely wealthy and influential, often was depicted in newspaper cartoons.
		Lavoisier paved the way for future studies of energy balance by recognizing for the first time that the elements involved in metabolism (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen) appeared neither suddenly nor disappeared mysteriously.
	www.sportsci.org /news/history/lavoisier/lavoisier.html (1409 words)

	MSN Encarta - Lavoisier
		Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1743-1794), French chemist, who is considered the founder of modern chemistry.
		Lavoisier was born on August 26, 1743, in Paris and was educated at the Collège Mazarin.
		In Traité élémentaire de chimie (Treatise on Chemical Elements, 1789), Lavoisier clarified the concept of an element as a simple substance that could not be broken down by any known method of chemical analysis, and he devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571807/Lavoisier_Antoine_Laurent.html (393 words)

	Natural History: Capturing the Center - Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's scientific contributions
		Lavoisier begins his treatise by distinguishing the properties of sediments deposited in open oceans from those formed along shorelines--a device to establish data for his central argument that seas advance and retreat in a cyclical pattern over any given region.
		Lavoisier roots the first theme in a paradox discussed at the end of last month's installment of this two-part essay: the need to simplify at first in order to generalize later.
		Lavoisier argues that we must therefore try to impose similar constraints upon the outside world by seeking "natural experiments," where simple models of our own construction might work adequately in natural conditions chosen for their unusual clarity and minimal number of controlling factors.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_10_107/ai_53378966 (966 words)

	Lavoisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nonetheless there is much truth in the second part of Wurtz’s claim, for Antoine Lavoisier was primus inter pares in effecting the transformation of a chaotic collection of qualitative facts and the fluctuating interpretations of the vague phlogistic theory into something resembling the quantitative macroscopic chemistry of today.
		Lavoisier was a polymath who wrote on physiology, economics and scientific agriculture.
		It was this that led to Madame Lavoisier being simultaneously widowed and orphaned by the guillotine on the morning of April 8, 1794.
	www.bioanalytical.com /info/calendar/98/03lavo.htm (304 words)

	ChemTeam: Lavoisier and his Law
		Lavoisier was able to establish that heat played no role in adding or decreasing weight, as had been claimed by the phlogiston theory.
		Lavoisier was able to assemble a number of experiments, all done in closed vessels, in which the weight remained constant, within experimental error.
		Lavoisier DID NOT arrive at the law by induction, that is generalizing from a large number of specific cases.
	www.dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Equations/Conserv-of-Mass.html (1704 words)

	Antoine Lavoisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was born August 26, 1743, the son of a wealthy Paris family.
		Lavoisier's family were among the upper class so Lavoisier was able to complete a degree in law at the Collège Mazarin in fulfillment of his family's wishes.
		After the French Revolution, Lavoisier was a member of the Commission for the Establishment of the Metric System and was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1791.
	mattson.creighton.edu /History_Gas_Chemistry/Lavoisier.html (1205 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
		He was the son of Jean-Antoine Lavoisier, a lawyer of distinction, and Emilie Punctis, who belonged to a rich and influential family, and who died when Antoine-Laurent was five years old.
		Lavoisier studied the teaching of the phlogistonists, but having also a mastery of physics and of pneumatic experimentation he became dissatisfied with their theory.
		Lavoisier, who was devotedly attached to him, was obliged to stand and see M. Paulze's head fall under the guillotine, 8 May, 1794.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09052a.htm (992 words)

	Lavoisier's Elements of Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lavoisier was largely responsible for dislodging and discrediting the notion that combustion and respiration involved a loss of a subtle material called phlogiston.
		And Lavoisier's failure to credit James Watt and Henry Cavendish for their insights into the compound nature of water were a part of the sometimes rancorous "water controversy" [Ihde 1964].
		Lavoisier had good reason to expect that these radicals would be isolated, for their compounds had been known for a long time; however, the fluoric and boracic radicals were, strictly speaking, hypothetical substances at this time, and the basis of muriatic acid had already been isolated but he did not recognize it as elementary.
	webserver.lemoyne.edu /~GIUNTA/EA/LAVPREFann.HTML (6689 words)

	Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
		Lavoisier (1743-1794) led an interesting and ultimately tragic life.
		Lavoisier began his experiments in 1764 and worked almost continuously until his death.
		In 1774 Lavoisier conducted a number of experiments in which he mixed charcoal with the oxides of various metals.
	scholar.chem.nyu.edu /0109/suppnotes/set01/node12.html (481 words)

	Biografia de Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
		Lavoisier ingresó luego en la facultad de derecho de París, donde se graduó en 1764, por más que en esta época su actividad se orientó sobre todo hacia la investigación científica.
		Los resultados cuantitativos y demás evidencias que obtuvo Lavoisier se oponían a la teoría del flogisto, aceptada incluso por Priestley, según la cual una sustancia hipotética —el flogisto— era la que se liberaba o se adquiría en los procesos de combustión de las sustancias.
		Lavoisier fue asimismo un destacado personaje de la sociedad francesa de su tiempo.
	www.biografiasyvidas.com /biografia/l/lavoisier.htm (535 words)

	Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Madame Lavoisier prepared herself to be her husband's scientific collaborator by learning English to translate the work of British chemists like Joseph Priestley and by studying art and engraving to illustrate Antoine-Laurent's scientific experiments.
		Characteristic of Lavoisier's chemistry was his systematic determination of the weights of reagents and products involved in chemical reactions, including the gaseous components, and his underlying belief that matter—identified by weight—would be conserved through any reaction.
		Among his contributions to chemistry associated with this method were the understanding of combustion and respiration as caused by chemical reactions with the part of the air he called "oxygen," and his definitive proof by composition and decomposition that water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/chemach/fore/all.html (751 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Books - LAVOISIER'S LEGACY
		And rightly so, for as Madison Smartt Bell explains in his new book "Lavoisier In the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution"--the curious title refers to the revision of the calendar by the French Revolutionaries--Lavoisier was proposing much more than an exercise in relabeling.
		Maybe it is appropriate that this is one of the substances to have resisted Lavoisier's revolution--not only because he himself knew it by another archaic term, muriatic acid, but because it was the Achilles' heel in his oxygen theory of acids.
		But then, Lavoisier was never a typical chemist, as historian Mi Gyung Kim has convincingly argued in "Affinity: That Elusive Dream: A Genealogy of the Chemical Revolution." Lavoisier was inclined toward physics and mathematics, and complained that chemistry did not share their exactitude.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/books/83/8338books.html (1101 words)

	Nobel laureate discusses muse for Lavoisier
		Lavoisier Than M. Lavoisier." To illustrate his talk, he used images from the Lavoisier Collection at the Kroch Library's Rare and Manuscript Collections at Cornell, the largest collection of materials on the French chemist outside of Paris.
		Lavoisier's travel case or "necessaire," which is, incidentally, a crucial and mysterious plot device in the play, 'Oxygen.
		Lavoisier was the wife of a scientist and was an upper-class women "of great intelligence and talent" in 18th Century France, "What opportunities were open for her to do science?"
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-02/cuns-nld021104.php (486 words)

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