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Topic: Law of land warfare

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	Law of land warfare - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Law of Land Warfare is that part of the Laws of War applicable to the conduct of warfare on land and to relationships between belligerents and neutral States.
		The law of war places limits on the exercise of a belligerent’s power mentioned under Purposes and requires that belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which is not actually necessary for military purposes and that they conduct hostilities with regard for the principles of humanity and chivalry.
		Although some of the law of war has not been incorporated in any treaty or convention to which the United States is a party, this body of unwritten or customary law is firmly established by the custom of nations and well defined by recognized authorities on international law.
	www.music.us /education/L/Law-of-land-warfare.htm (526 words)

	Law of land warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Law of Land Warfare is that part of the Laws of War applicable to the conduct of warfare on land and to relationships between belligerents and neutral states.
		The conduct of armed hostilities on land is regulated by the law of land warfare which is both written and unwritten.
		The law of war places limits on the exercise of a belligerent’s power mentioned under Purposes and requires that belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which is not actually necessary for military purposes and that they conduct hostilities with regard for the principles of humanity and chivalry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Law_of_land_warfare (336 words)

	NAVAL WARFARE PUBLICATION
		The law of armed conflict seeks to prevent unnecessary suffering and destruction by controlling and mitigating the harmful effects of hostilities through minimum standards of protection to be accorded to "combatants" and to "noncombatants" and their property.
		The law of armed conflict provides that only that degree and kind of force, not otherwise prohibited by the law of armed conflict, required for the partial or complete submission of the enemy with a minimum expenditure of time, life, and physical resources may be applied.
		The law of neutrality serves to localize war, to limit the conduct of war on both land and sea, and to lessen the impact of war on international commerce.
	www.lawofwar.org /naval_warfare_publication_N-114M.htm (16029 words)

	U.S. Army Field Manual provisions relating to the law of war.
		The conduct of armed hostilities on land is regulated by the law of land warfare which is both written and unwritten.
		The law of war places limits on the exercise of a belligerent's power in the interests mentioned in paragraph 2 and requires that belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which is not actually necessary for military purposes and that they conduct hostilities with regard for the principles of humanity and chivalry.
		The prohibitory effect of the law of war is not minimized by "military necessity" which has been defined as that principle which justifies those measures not forbidden by international law which are indispensable for securing the complete submission of the enemy as soon as possible.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/mylai/fieldman.html (605 words)

	Law of Naval Warfare NWIP 10-2
		The laws of war are designed to control and mitigate the harmful effects of war by extending, during time of war, at least a minimum standard of protection to combatants and noncombatants and to all individuals who come under the control of the belligerents.
		Customary laws of war develop out of the usage or practice of States when such usage or practice attains a degree of regularity and is accompanied by the general conviction that behavior in conformity with this usage or practice is both obligatory and right.
		In international law, the air space is classified under two headings: air space over the land, internal waters, and territorial sea of a State; and air space over the high seas and unoccupied territories (i.e., territories not subject to the sovereignty of any State).
	www.history.navy.mil /library/online/law_naval_warfare.htm (10922 words)

	Laws of Armed Conflict? What Laws? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		American forces that tried to comply with the spirit of the standards of the law of land warfare found that they could not physically survive...
		The object of the bombardment of [commercial] towns might be the destruction of life and property, the enforcing of ransom, the creation of panic, and the hope of embarrassing the government of the enemy's country and exciting the population to bring pressure to bear upon their rulers to bring the war to a close....
		The resulting solution was new, daring and paradoxical; it marks a decisive step in the evolution of modern law, which tends to restrict the sovereignty of the state in the interests of the individual.
	www.tamilnation.org /intframe/war/humanitarianlaw.htm (2003 words)

	combatindex.com - Law of Land Warfare
		Under the law of the United States, one of the consequences of the existence of a condition of war between two States is that every national of the one State becomes an enemy of every national of the other.
		The law of war does not prohibit firing upon paratroops or other persons who are or appear to be bound upon hostile missions while such persons are descending by parachute.
		The use of explosive "atomic weapons," whether by air, sea, or land forces, cannot as such be regarded as violative of international law in the absence of any customary rule of international law or international convention restricting their employment.
	www.combatindex.com /law_of_land_warfare_ch02.html (3730 words)

	Law of Armed Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The main themes considered by Yoram Dinstein are lawful and unlawful combatants, war crimes, including command responsibility and defences, prohibited weapons, the distinction between combatants and civilians, legitimate military objectives, and the protection of the environment and cultural property.
		The principle of distinction is fundamental to the law of war and is the foundation on which the codification of the laws and customs of war rests.
		U.S. troops are trained in the Law of Land Warfare and the Law of Armed Conflict to treat enemy troops as human beings.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/school/asbc/law.htm (1368 words)

	Law of land warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The conduct of armedhostilities on land is regulated by the law of land warfare which is both written and unwritten.
		The law of war places limits on the exercise of a belligerent’s power mentioned under Purposes and requiresthat belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which isnot actually necessary for military purposes and that they conduct hostilities with regard for the principles of humanity and chivalry.
		Although some of the law of war has not been incorporated in any treaty or convention to which the UnitedStates is a party, this body of unwritten or customary law is firmly established by the custom of nations and well defined byrecognized authorities on international law.
	www.therfcc.org /law-of-land-warfare-160065.html (303 words)

	The Army's New Land Warrior Gear: Why Soldiers Don't Like It - Popular Mechanics
		The Land Warrior System marks the first time that a soldier has been able to keep tabs on his buddies without monitoring them on the radio or keeping them in visual range.
		Land Warrior was saved only by a crash 12-week program to replace military-spec equipment with commercially available technologies, including parts bought off the shelf from Fry's Electronics, the big California consumer retailer.
		Today, Land Warrior weighs a comparatively trim 16 pounds, in part because extra batteries are now kept in the soldiers' vehicles instead of on their backs.
	www.popularmechanics.com /technology/military_law/4215715.html (1371 words)

	HLS: Alumni Bulletin: Letters
		Your fall 2004 article "Law in a Time of Terror" discusses in all seriousness the so-called "war on terror." In it, four professors consider whether the "laws of war" (or "rules on warfare") apply.
		The law school is to be congratulated for offering a course on terrorism, but after reading the interview of Professor Heymann, I think someone else ought to be teaching the course.
		I was appalled to read Dick Dahl's "Law in a Time of Terror" in the fall 2004 issue of the Bulletin.
	www.law.harvard.edu /alumni/bulletin/2005/spring/letters_main.php (1680 words)

	Greatest Trials of All Time
		Among these subjects, was the law of land warfare which we taught at the time to the career course and the basic class students.
		It is too late to train and teach a soldier when he is going into combat the laws of war and expect him to understand it and to obey it under the stresses of combat.
		I believe that it is very important that the United States Army continue to give effective law land warfare training both in peacetime and in war, and that the leadership truly support and make it well known to a soldier that they intend for that training to be followed.
	www.courttv.com /archive/greatesttrials/mylai/raby.html (2210 words)

	Soldiers of Conscience
		Article VI of the Constitution states that "treaties" are a part of "the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby." There is a considerable body of opinion that our actions in Vietnam constitute the waging of an aggressive "war."
		The Law of Land Warfare prohibits assassination of enemy soldiers or civilians.
		The Law of Land Warfare prohibits "putting a price on an enemy's head," but Duncan and Moore testified that in Vietnam it was a common practice.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20061106/soldiers_of_conscience/2 (1319 words)

	Justice & The Generals: U.S. Law - Command Responsibility \| PBS
		Second, the prosecutor or plaintiff must prove that the commander knew or should have known that violations of the laws of war occurred.
		The importance of command responsibility within a military structure cannot be overstated, as it is the commanders who are entrusted with the duty of ensuring that the laws of war are obeyed on the ground, and it is their duty to ensure the protection of the civilian population from abuse.
		If subordinates commit violations of the laws of war and their commanders fail to prevent or punish these crimes, then the commanders also can be held responsible.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/justice/law_background_command2.html (517 words)

	Just War (1): Law of Warfare
		The law of warfare comes from two sources: lawmaking treaties (mainly the Hague Convention of 1907 and various Geneva Conventions) and recognized customs ("the obligations which result from the usages established among civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity, and the dictates of the public conscience.").
		Those who commit violations of the laws of war may be tried by military courts and punished in accordance with military law.
		That the act was lawful under the accused's domestic law.
	www.mindspring.com /~skazmarek/war/01Law.htm (990 words)

	Crimes -- Committed In All Our Names: International Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It promotes a generalized respect for the Rule of Law in world politics, is outraged by violations of international law by its enemies, and chooses selectively when to comply and when to violate.
		International law is of particular importance in relation to uses of force in the course of foreign policy, and more generally issues relating to security, especially war and peace.
		These expressions of unilateralist approach did not involve violating existing international law, but rather expressed the ultra neoconservative attitude that multilateral cooperation in the security area was undesirable, limiting the capacity of America to take advantage of its status as the sole remaining superpower in the aftermath of the Cold War.
	johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com /id532.html (2215 words)

	FM 27-10, para. 366
		The restrictions placed upon the authority of a belligerent government cannot be avoided by a system of using a puppet government, central or local, to carry out acts which would be unlawful if performed directly by the occupant.
		Under the laws of war of the post-Napoleonic period, a proxy occupation is a military occupation where the occupying power directs a "co-belligerent" (i.e.
		The laws of war are applicable in areas under military government.
	www.taiwanadvice.com /fm2710_366.htm (676 words)

	JURIST - Paper Chase: US martial law for Iraq
		American lawyers and legal officials in military uniform, toting weighty law books and ready to establish martial law, are traveling with U.S. and British troops surging into Iraq.
		For a detailed explication of rules and regulations to be applied in territories under the military jurisdiction of the US Army, see Chapter 6 of US Army Field Manual 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare, Occupation.
		Paper Chase is JURIST's real-time legal news weblog, powered by a team of 20 law student reporters and editors led by law professor Bernard Hibbitts at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /paperchase/2003/03/us-martial-law-for-iraq.php (275 words)

	U.S. Resistance Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Punishable under international law are crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity (Principle VI, a.,b.,c., the essence of the Nuremberg Principles).
		Resistance law is established in the "Law of Land Warfare" in the U.S. Army Field Manual, Secs.
		The Nuremberg Principles themselves are part of U.S. law, enunciated in the Executive Agreement the U.S. signed with the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom, and France, August 8, 1945, and part of the U.N. International Law Commission as reformulated in 1950, and further set forth in the U.S. Army Field Manual (above).
	www.brianwillson.com /usresistlaw.html (393 words)

	Army Times - News - More News.
		Before deploying to Afghanistan, all soldiers receive training in the law of land warfare and the Geneva Conventions, according to Kamiya.
		So we have to look at where the contradictions exist between the law of land warfare and, in this case, Afghan cultures and courtesies, and target instruction on where those contradictions are, and to teach our soldiers.”
		Cremation of bodies is not part of Islamic tradition, which instead calls for remains to be washed, prayed over, wrapped in white cloth and buried within 24 hours.
	www.armytimes.com /story.php?f=1-292925-1209811.php (1171 words)

	Law & Terrorism Conference
		Besides the common understanding of its meaning, there are descriptions of the term in the 1949 Geneva Conventions, in the Army’s Law of Land Warfare manual, in the Federal criminal code, and the U.S. Convention against Torture.
		The involvement of the courts in the Global War on Terrorism is a developing and important area within the context of law and terrorism.
		Our panel will explore (1) how the law of war applies to terrorists; (2) gray areas and disagreements in the application of the law of war; and (3) whether existing international and domestic laws should be changed, in light of the global war on terrorism.
	www.dean.usma.edu /departments/law/lawterror.htm (1105 words)

	The Gun Zone -- Hague Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		And their deployment under the "Laws of War" is proscribed by a "Declaration on the Use of Bullets Which Expand or Flatten Easily in the Human Body" adopted at the First Hague Peace Conference of (29 July) 1899 which states:
		Whether it is the overall excellence of the Sierra MatchKing, or its virtual endorsement within the upper echelons of the military, the #2200 boat tail hollow point was the round of preference for snipers and.30 caliber High Power competitors alike.
		The most famous sniper of World War II was celebrated Russian Major Lyudmila M. Pavlychenko, who was brought to Canada and the USA in 1942 for a visit because of her skill in shooting, generally credited with 309 kills of German soldiers during the siege of Stalingrad.
	www.thegunzone.com /hague.html (1803 words)

	War Crimes -- Committed "In All Our Names" - U.S. Law: Crimes Against The Constitution -
		Bush has committed War Crimes in violation of international laws such as the UN Charter, the Nuremberg Charter, and the Geneva Convention.
		According to US Constitution these international treaties are part of the "Supreme Law of the Land." There are enough grounds, therefore, to impeach Bush.
		All members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any matter inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
	johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com /id340.html (1922 words)

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