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Topic: Law of noncontradiction

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	Law of thought - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As turned out to be the case with another such (the so-called law of continuity), they stand for matters which, in contemporary terms, are subject to much debate and analysis (respectively on determinism and extensionality).
		The laws of thought were particularly influential in German thought; in France the interpretation of the Port-Royal Logic tended to dispel their mystique.
		They were the law of identity, the law of noncontradiction and the law of excluded middle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laws_of_thought (599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Law of identity: “A” is identical to “A” 2.
		Law of contradiction (sometimes called the law of noncontradiction): “A” is not identical to “non-A” 3.
		Law of bivalence: any unambiguous proposition “A” is either true or false; not neither true nor false, not both true and false 5.
	www.relyonchrist.com /Lecture/06.doc (579 words)

	In Defense of the Law of Noncontradiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The arguments of the dialetheists for the rejection of the traditional law of noncontradiction are not yet conclusive.
		The reason is that the arguments that they have developed against this law uniformly fail to consider the logic of encoding as an analytic method that can resolve apparent contradictions.
		The argument at heart of the case that Priest develops against the law of noncontradiction (i.e., the argument based on the paradoxes of self-reference) is then reanalyzed in light of encoding logic.
	mally.stanford.edu /abstracts/noncontradiction.html (180 words)

	Aquinas
		A law is a prescription that we act or not act; it may also exist in us as an inclination to act in certain ways.
		Laws must be directed to the common good -- to the happiness that is the goal of human actions.
		The first principles of the natural law are the same for everyone and are known to all; these principles cannot change and cannot be abolished from the human heart.
	www.jcu.edu /philosophy/gensler/ms/aquina00.htm (528 words)

	Where are the "laws of thought"? :: Forums :: The Infidel Guy Show :: Taking a Critical Look At What We ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At the very bottom of the page, they leave the reader to derive the laws of noncontradiction and the excluded middle using reductio ad absurdum, which is itself a method derived from the axioms earlier in the page.
		This law, I believe, can be formulated in the axiomatic system I linked to above as follows: take the result given in the middle of the page under "Logical Theorem Schema" right under "Theorem of the theory p", repeat it twice as premises, then use their "and introduction" toward the bottom of the page.
		This issue is further confounded by alternative logics, such as the paraconsistant logic, which discards the law of noncontradiction, and multivalued logics, which discard the law of the excluded middle.
	www.infidelguy.com /ftopic-5581-0.html (3351 words)

	Philosophy, et cetera: The Law of Non-Contradiction
		For instance, Gensler seems to think that the person who has denied the law of noncontradiction has given you permission to follow the policy: "Whenever you assert something, also assert the opposite." However, this policy is not justified by (2); it requires (1).
		Illusive Mind, you're confusing the law of noncontradiction with that of the excluded middle.
		With regards to denying the LNC I can say that the law is false as it applies to Schrodinger's cat but not as it applies to whether or not an apple appears red to me. I think philosophers like laws of logic, but they should be wary of making them absolute laws.
	pixnaps.blogspot.com /2005/05/law-of-non-contradiction.html (1575 words)

	The Law of Contradiction
		Francis Schaeffer attributed the decline of 20th-century society to the demise of the law of contradiction.
		Lots of well-meaning Christians, however, seem to operate with the misconception that biblical revelation is somehow exempt from the law of contradiction.
		According to the Oxford English Dictionary, antinomy is "a contradiction between two equally binding laws; a conflict of authority; and a contradiction between conclusions which seem equally logical." I don't believe a true contradiction exists between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.
	www.spurgeon.org /~phil/articles/lawofcon.htm (899 words)

	Law of Noncontradiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Law of Non-Contradiction: (a) Not (p and not p) or (b) (for all x) not (x is P and x is not P).
		I think the notion of time is more inherent in the Law as we normally understand it, but that the notion of context is equally important.
		Example: A table can not be both made entirely of wood and not made entirely of wood.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /phenom/old/lawnon.html (344 words)

	Of more logic. -- Ben's Message Board
		The physicists were not at all applying the law of noncontradiction when they said light had to be either a particle or a wave.
		Perhaps you should read the definition of the law of noncontradiction again: for any proposition p, it is impossible for both p and not p to be both true at the same time and in the same context.
		The >>>law of excluded middle does not say or imply >>>that something has to be a particle or wave.
	www.voy.com /22190/4/4885.html (2561 words)

	JOLLYBLOGGER: Jesus and the Law of Non-Contradiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A corollary to this is that, though the law of non-contradiction is true because it is an expression of God's non-contradictory character, as finite human beings we are unable to fully discern what is contradictory and what is not.
		Law of non-contradiction is the fundamental principal defining the method of reality-based thought.
		For example, to say “an electron is both a wave and a particle” would violate the law of noncontradiction only if the statement “a particle is not a wave” were an analytic proposition, which is not the case, as far as I can see.
	jollyblogger.typepad.com /jollyblogger/2005/01/jesus_and_the_l.html (6445 words)

	Law of noncontradiction - Theopedia
		This law states that A cannot be both A (what it is) and non-A (what it is not) at the same time and in the same relationship.
		For example, if I say that the moon is made entirely of cheese but then also say that the moon is not made entirely of cheese, I have contradicted myself.
		The Law of Non-contradiction (QuickTime), by Ron Nash
	www.theopedia.com /Law_of_noncontradiction (197 words)

	1000lecture13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thus, the laws of logic supply the skeleton or framework within which the test of coherence applies, and they themselves cannot be established by this test.
		By the coherence theory of truth, this is the same as saying that the denial of the law of noncontradiction must not cohere with other things we hold true.
		But once you deny the law of noncontradiction every belief coheres with every other belief, because to deny the law of noncontradiction is to say that sentences can be both true and false.
	www.artsci.lsu.edu /phil/phil1/cogburn/currentcourses/1000/viiinormativity/1000russellch12.htm (2010 words)

	A Careful Look at Religious Pluralism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nash says that by referring to the test of reason, he is referring to "logic or the law of noncontradiction." The law of noncontradiction states that A cannot be B and non-B at the same time and in the same relationship.
		I began by establishing the law of noncontradiction, which contends that if a statement is absolutely contradictory, without qualification, that statement cannot be true.
		As the professor waxed eloquent and expounded on the law of noncontradiction, he eventually drew his conclusion: "This is a Western way of looking at reality." I disagreed with that conclusion and asked him to cross it off his place-mat where he had delineated his syllogisms.
	members.aol.com /BaxterInstitute2/LookAtPluralism.html (6448 words)

	dangerous idea: Fernandes on Van Til (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Though Van Til would use this law to refute other belief systems, it was only because he chose to use the "enemy's own ammunition to defeat the enemy in battle." In fact, Clark's view of the law of noncontradiction is probably what caused the widest gap between the thought of these two men.
		However, Van Til says, 'The law of contradiction, therefore, as we know it, is but the expression on a created level of the internal coherence of God's nature [...] Christians should employ the law of contradiction, whether positively or negatively, as a means by which to systematize the facts of revelation.
		Van Til did not view law of noncontradiction as being a "human limitation that is imposed upon God" as Fernandes states.
	dangerousidea.blogspot.com /2006/02/fernandes-on-van-til.html (1382 words)

	The Laws of Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Law number one is in conflict with Special Relativity.
		Law number two is in conflict with quantum and classical physics.
		Law number three also ignores the properties mentioned in 2.
	home.earthlink.net /~tdp/exmid.html (284 words)

	Chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Statements (i) and (ii), namely, the law of noncontradiction and the law of excluded middle are no longer valid.
		Statement (iii), the law of double negation, statement (iv), the DeMorgan?s law, and statement (v), the law of contraposition, remain unchanged.
		Also, for non-self-referential statements, the law of noncontradiction and the law of excluded middle would come up as special cases in tautology and hence the classical analysis would not be violated.
	www.rpi.edu /~sivars/Interlude.htm (2509 words)

	Dr Smith's Logic Page
		All of our syllogisms rely on these laws - that any thing is equal to itself, that tautologies must be true, and that contradictions must be false.
		These laws of thought, or axioms of classical logic, are a set of a priori abstractions that humans create, in order to make categorical syllogisms, their existence is contingent upon sentient brains - they are rules that we make them up
		This is a proof of the law of noncontradiction (LNC) using the simplest logical system there is, which is called sentential, or propositional, logic.
	www.candleinthedark.com /laws.html. (1148 words)

	Aristotelian vs. Dialectical logic
		The Aristotelian laws are as follows: (1) Law of Identity: Each existence is identical with itself; (2) Law of Noncontradiction: Each existence is not different from itself; and (3) Law of Excluded Middle: No existence can be both itself and different from itself.
		In brief, the first law says that everything has a history; the second, that the history is qualitative as well as quantitative; the third, that this kind of history does not stop (Somerville, 1967, p.
		These laws are presented as conclusions arrived at on the basis of the factual evidence rather than as a priori principles.
	www.comnet.ca /~pballan/logic2.htm (377 words)

	Logic: Logic and the laws of thought
		Rationalism holds that the laws of thought apply to everything whatever because they are the most general truths of reality.
		Empiricism holds that the laws of thought are useful verbal conventions applying only to the way we think or talk, not necessarily to what we think and talk about or even necessarily how we must think or talk.
		Simply stated, the first of the fundamental laws is a tautology.
	www.theology.edu /logic/logic7.htm (1545 words)

	BLOG and MABLOG
		This law of thought is called The Law of Excluded Middle, because it excludes the possibility of a truth value falling somewhere in the middle between true and false.
		This law may be employed to answer the unbeliever who says, "Christianity may be true for you, but not for me." No. If the Christian faith is true, then it is true.
		The Law of Noncontradiction says that a statement cannot be both true and false.
	www.dougwils.com /index.asp?Action=Anchor&CategoryID=1&BlogID=1072 (1049 words)

	Aristotle and the Paradoxes of Logic
		Thus the law of identity and the law of noncontradiction seem to contradict each other.
		The barber is not aware that his claim violates both the laws of noncontradiction and identity.
		And that is a violation of the law of the excluded middle.
	www.homestead.com /nilog/files/aristotle_and_the_paradoxes_of_l.htm (1985 words)

	Classical logic - ExampleProblems.com
		These judgements find themselves if two pairs of two dual operators, and each operator is the negation of another, relationships that Aristotle summarised with his square of oppositions.
		Aristotle explicitly formulated the law of the excluded middle and law of noncontradiction in justifying his system, although these laws cannot be expressed as judgements within the syllogistic framework.
		Intuitionistic logic rejects the law of the excluded middle and De Morgan's laws;
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Classical_logic (274 words)

	Critical Issues Scholarly: The Validity of the Law of Non-contradiction for Religious Epistemology
		As a foundational law, this principle is properly basic to one's epistemology and need not be argued for or “proved.” However, in practice all ideas are debated and explanations can be given for one's inclusion of basic principles in one's foundation.
		The law of non-contradiction is not the whole of what it means to be rational, but it is a necessary foundation for it.
		In fact, the law of noncontradiction is so absolutely fundamental to the most basic of ethical assertions that an act (or intention) cannot be both good and evil at the same time and in the same sense.
	cicministry.org /scholarly/sch004.htm (7293 words)

	Presuppositional Apologetics- Cornelius Van Til
		However, even the law of noncontradiction is not presupposed by the Christian.
		Though Van Til claimed that he only used the law of noncontradiction for the sake of argument when he shared his faith with nonbelievers, he often criticized many of his colleagues for being inconsistent Calvinists.
		Though Van Til implied that this law is a man-made principle, he diligently labored to keep his system free from contradictions.
	www.biblicaldefense.org /Writings/cornelius_van_till.htm (3360 words)

	Legacy of Truth \| Church Seminars
		That is, science starts with reason (the laws of logic) and the principles of causality and analogy, which are necessary preconditions for the scientific method.
		Science has discovered that the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which holds the supreme position among all the laws of physics, demonstrates the credibility of an Infinitely Powerful first cause.
		The foundation for that higher law is a higher lawmaker—the Creator—who bestowed upon humanity intrinsic value that no government or people have a right to take away.
	www.legacyoftruth.org /church.html (668 words)

	The Philosophy of Relativism
		If the key terms retain the same meaning, both statements cannot be true without violating the so-called law of noncontradiction, a law fundamental to rational thought.
		As formally stated in the field of logic, the law of noncontradiction stipulates, according to Aristotle, that "the same attribute cannot at the same time belong and not belong to the same subject in the same respect." Either I am here or I am not here.
		To assert that the law of noncontradiction is false cannot force us to abandon the contradictory statement that it is true.
	www.themoorings.org /apologetics/refutations/relativ.html (2436 words)

	The Problem of Logical Fatalism
		One of them is the law of excluded middle, which states for every proposition P, either P is true or Not P is true.
		Another logical principle is called the law of noncontradiction, which says that something cannot simultaneously be and not be of a specified kind or quantity.
		[2] In terms of proposition P, the Law says that it is impossible for both P and Not P to be true.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/tisthammerw/polf.html (540 words)

	Featured Article: Why Should Anyone Believe Anything at all? - TheologyWeb Campus
		The Law of Noncontradiction is a self-evident first principle of thought that says contradictory claims cannot both be true at the same time in the same sense.
		He said that anyone who denies the Law of Noncontradiction should be beaten and burned until he admits that to be beaten is not the same as not to be beaten, and to be burned is not the same as not to be burned!
		The law of non-contradiction can falsify religions, hence considering the disagreements, it is reasonable to say "there is only one true religion" because they cannot all be true.
	www.theologyweb.com /campus/showthread.php?t=27244 (9533 words)

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