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	Law of superposition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields dealing with geological stratigraphy.
		This is of great importance to stratigraphic dating, which assumes that the law of superposition holds true and that an object cannot be older than the materials of which it is composed.
		The law was first proposed in the 17th century by the Danish scientist Nicolas Steno.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Law_of_superposition (164 words)

	Rock Ages - Utah Geological Survey
		Superposition: The most basic concept used in relative dating is the law of superposition.
		This law follows two basic assumptions: (1) the beds were originally deposited near horizontal, and (2) the beds were not overturned after their deposition.
		Faunal Succession: Similar to the law of superposition is the law of faunal succession, which states that groups of fossil animals and plants occur throughout the geologic record in a distinct and identifiable order.
	www.ugs.state.ut.us /surveynotes/gladasked/gladage.htm (867 words)

	superposition - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Superposition is a principle of quantum theory that describes a challenging concept about the nature and behavior of matter and forces at the atomic level.
		Superposition is well illustrated by Thomas Young's double-slit experiment, developed in the early nineteenth century to prove that light consisted of waves.
		Each photon moves simultaneously in a superposition of possible trajectories, and, furthermore, measurement of the trajectory causes the superposition of states to collapse to a single position.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci341263,00.html (696 words)

	Encyclopedia: Law of superposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		People who viewed "Law of superposition" also viewed:
		Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers.
		The law of faunal succession holds that different strata contain particular types of fossilised fauna and flora, and that these fossil forms succeed each other in a specific and predictable order that can be identified over wide distances.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Law-of-superposition (348 words)

	Geologic Principles
		Steno's observations became known as the Law of Superposition which simply stated that in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, each layer of rock is older than the layer above it and younger than the rock layer below it.
		As it pertained to the Geologic Time Chart, the Law of Superposition meant that the Jurassic Period was older than the Cretaceous Period and younger than the Triassic Period.
		The Law of Inclusions was also described by James Hutton and stated that if a rock body (Rock B) contained fragments of another rock body (Rock A), it must be younger than the fragments of rock it contained.
	imnh.isu.edu /geo_time/geo_principles.htm (437 words)

	Archaeology for Elementary Students
		The Law of Superposition: In any pile of depositional units in which the top and the bottom can be identified, the succession of layers from the bottom to top is the order of their deposition.
		Included would be the importance of taking accurate records, the Law of Superposition, the importance of core samples, and the importance of accurate map-making skills.
		Students should be able to explain the Law of Superposition accurately by the end of this unit of study.
	bellnetweb.brc.tamus.edu /archaeol.htm (3015 words)

	Schrodinger's cat - a Whatis.com definition - see also: quantum indeterminacy, quantum measurement indeterminacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Schrödinger's cat is a famous illustration of the principle in quantum theory of superposition, proposed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935.
		Since we cannot know, the cat is both dead and alive according to quantum law, in a superposition of states.
		We know that superposition actually occurs at the subatomic level, because there are observable effects of interference, in which a single particle is demonstrated to be in multiple locations simultaneously.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci341236,00.html (412 words)

	Evolution -- Dating Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The law states that strata that are younger will be deposited on top of strata that are older, given normal conditions of deposition.
		This law is the guiding principle of stratigraphy, or the study of geological or soil layers.
		Specifically, stratigraphy refers to the application of the Law of Superposition to soil and geological strata containing archaeological materials in order to determine the relative ages of layers.
	www.origins.tv /darwin/datingmethods.htm (2692 words)

	Fossils, Rocks, and Time: The Laws of Superposition and Cross-Cutting Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Numeric ages from the flow and dike and relative ages from the fossils in the surrounding rocks contribute to the geologic time scale.
		The dike is younger than all the rocks that it cuts across and older than the rocks above it that it does not cut.
		Note that the contact between the dike and the rocks around it has been baked by the heat of the molten granite.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/fossils/laws.html (163 words)

	8th Grade, Chapter 14 -- A Trip Through Geologic Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The law of superposition helps geologists determine the absolute age of a rock layer.
		The law of superposition states that, in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is
		According to the law of superposition, each layer of horizontal sedimentary rock is older than the layer above it.
	www.hickman.k12.tn.us /ehms/science/chpt14.htm (1218 words)

	March 2002 AGGMAN Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Steno formulated the Law of Superposition of Strata based on his examination of a shark’s head.
		It may come as a surprise that this fundamental law of geology was first stated by a medical doctor, not a geologist, and that the roots of the law were discovered in the head of a shark, not in the rocks.
		For example, this law is particularly important when trying to predict how the properties of the rock layers being quarried change horizontally or vertically within a quarry and when prospecting for new sources for making crushed stone.
	www.aggman.com /0302_pages/0302carved.html (968 words)

	ISM Geology Online - Lesson Plan 12.4: The Rocks Under Illinois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The purpose of this activity is to draw the rock layers under the surface of Illinois between Rock Island and Chicago using the ages determined in Lesson 12.3.
		The goal of drawing the rock layers will be met by teaching your students what the law of superposition is and how it can be used to predict the arrangement of the strata beneath the surface.
		This principle, called the Law of Superposition states that the oldest rocks are on the bottom.
	geologyonline.museum.state.il.us /tools/lessons/12.4/lesson.html (1743 words)

	WMNH - Geology and Astronomy
		This little bit of compelling logic is now known as the Law of Superposition: strata as originally deposited are successively younger upward.
		His third astute observation was perhaps the most insightful: Hence it follows that in whatever place the bared sides(edges) of the strata are seen, either a continuation of the same strata must be sought, or another solid substance [i.e.
		This is known as the Law of Concealed Stratification: every outcrop in which the edges of strata are exposed demands an explanation(erosion, folding, volcanism, earthquake, etc.)
	www.wmnh.com /wmas0002.htm (1745 words)

	GLC UserGroup Time Detectives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Students also create an edible model of soil layers to define the Law of Superposition.
		Introduce the activity by telling students that their vocabulary word for the day is the “law of superposition” and that they will not be defining a term that day with dictionaries or textbooks, but that they will be EATING to find their answers.
		Groups should spend the majority of their time coming up with a group definition of the law of superposition based on what they observed during their activity.
	www.glc.k12.ga.us /builderv03/lptools/lpshared/lpdisplay.asp?LPID=58 (553 words)

	Fossils, Rocks, and Time: Rocks and Layers
		This Law of Superposition is fundamental to the interpretation of Earth history, because at any one location it indicates the relative ages of rock layers and the fossils in them.
		Steno's Law of Original Horizontality states that most sediments, when originally formed, were laid down horizontally.
		Because of the Law of Original Horizontality, we know that sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal either were formed in special ways or, more often, were moved from their horizontal position by later events, such as tilting during episodes of mountain building.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/fossils/rocks-layers.html (512 words)

	NPS Archeology Program: Archeology for Interpreters
		on a classic geological principle, known as the Law of Superposition.
		This law holds that, under normal circumstances, deeper layers of soil, sediment, or rock are older than those above them.
		Theoretically, the purpose of an excavation is to find human disturbances-generally referred to as artifacts and features (McMillon 1991:83)-and to investigate and interpret them as remnants of past human activity.
	www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/AforI/howfig_rel2.htm (406 words)

	Brief history of American Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		erosion, climatic influences, chemical reactions, etc. Law of superposition – Lyell “Principles of Geology”;, 1833 Applied uniformitarianism to humans.
		Law of superposition: establishes that the sequence of observable strata from bottom to top reflects the order of deposition from earliest to latest.
		Artifactual sequences began to be constructed in Northern Europe with the Scandinavian sequence.
	archeos.org (245 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Relative Time-a way of judging the sequence of events through geologic time by the use of the Law of Superposition and indicator or index fossils.
		Fossil-any remains of a past living organism that are preserved in rocks.
		Law of Superposition-Steno proposed that, in a column of rock layers, the oldest layers of rock are on the bottom.
	www.cst.cmich.edu /users/kiefe1we/bears1lr/pub_html/geoday3.html (334 words)

	Geologic Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Describe the significance of the Law of Superposition and the Law of Original Horizontality to relative dating of sedimentary sequences.
		Explain two ways in which you might determine the relative ages of a pluton and surrounding sedimentary rocks.
		Why is it not possible to determine the age of the earth directly by radiometric methods?
	www3.baylor.edu /~John_Mosley/geotime.html (106 words)

	300time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Therefore, for sedimentary rocks that are tilted or folded, it follows that the tilting or folding event has come after deposition of the rocks.
		In some parts of the world, sedimentary layers can be traced for long distances so that the relative positions of the various layers and, hence, their relative ages can be established.
		By using the Principle of Faunal Succession, widely separated or isolated sedimentary rocks, to which the Law of Superposition cannot be applied, can be correlated (recognized to be of about equal age) if they contain the same types of fossils.
	www.csun.edu /geology/Class_Notes/ES300/300time.html (1044 words)

	X EA753L1/GEO 2.1ac (formerly 853L1)
		Most sedimentary rocks are laid down in horizontal layers, with the oldest beds at the bottom.
		Younger beds are laid down on the older ones, as time goes on, this layering order is called the law of superposition.
		law of superposition - a principle that states that the overlying rock layer is younger than the layers below it.
	www.utm.edu /departments/ed/cece/x/xea753l1.htm (1066 words)

	Prehistoric Alabama
		Based on the Law of Superposition, you would probably assume, then, that the record was the oldest, the CD was the youngest, and the cassette tape was older than the CD, but younger than the record.
		In essence you are providing a chronology, or timeframe, without the use of dates, but is instead based on, or relative to, the other artifacts that have been uncovered.
		According to the Law of Superposition, the lowest stratum is the oldest, and the highest stratum is the more recent deposit.
	bama.ua.edu /~alaarch/prehistoricalabama (1499 words)

	Superposition -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(Click link for more info and facts about Quantum superposition) Quantum superposition
		(Click link for more info and facts about Law of superposition) Law of superposition in (A science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) geology and (The branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures) archaeology
		((geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest) Superposition principle for (Click link for more info and facts about vector field) vector fields
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/superposition.htm (87 words)

	Practice questions: Student Questions on Chapter 8
		Two laws accompany stratigraphy, the first law is called_______________.
		Sedimentary rocks are formed in the ocean as sediments and settle to the bottom and accumulate in layers.
		The law of Superposition says that rock layers are deposited _______?
	www.usd.edu /esci/e121/exam/Chap-08.html (329 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Generalization of the Biot--Savart law to Maxwell`s equations using special relativity
		Maxwell`s equations are obtained by generalizing the laws of magnetostatics, which follow from the Biot--Savart law and superposition, to be consistent with special relativity.^The Lorentz force on a charged particle and its rate of energy change also follow by making Newton`s second law for a particle in a magnetostatic field consistent with special relativity.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5555390 (167 words)

	Stratigraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Stratigraphy is the study of strata, or layers.
		In addition, stratigraphy can tell us much about the processes affecting the deposition of soils, and the condition of sites and artifacts.
		Although stratigraphy and the Law of Superposition can help us determine the relative ages of occupations, one must be very alert to alterations in stratigraphy that may throw chronological reckoning off.
	id-archserve.ucsb.edu /anth3/Courseware/Chronology/04_Stratigraphy.html (161 words)

	Stratigraphy exercise
		To analyze this data, you will need to use the two stratigraphic principles introduced in class.
		The first, the law of superposition, states that the depositional units found at the bottom of an undisturbed stratigraphic sequence are older than the ones above it.
		When an archaeological site is undisturbed, archaeologists use the law of superposition to establish the relative order in which units were deposited.
	www.iupui.edu /~anthpm/a103stratex.html (505 words)

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