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	Choose to Save Forum - Biography of Lawrence Summers
		LAWRENCE H. Lawrence H. Summers was sworn in as the 71st Secretary of the Treasury on July 2, 1999.
		Summers was a professor of economics at Harvard University.
		Summers served as a Domestic Policy Economist on the Presidents Council of Economic Advisers from 1982 to 1983 and served on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology economics department from 1979 to 1982.
	www.choosetosave.org /wdc/forum/lhs-bio.htm (396 words)

	Undermining Terrorism : Speakers : Lawrence H. Summers
		Summers is the former Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard, and in the past decade served in a series of senior public policy positions, most recently as secretary of the treasury of the United States.
		Summers to the department's number-two post, deputy secretary of the treasury, in which he played a central role in a broad array of economic, financial, and tax matters, both international and domestic.
		Summers was confirmed by the Senate as secretary of the treasury.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /terrorism/experts/bios/summers_lawrence.html (868 words)

	U.S. Treasury - Biography of Secretary Lawrence H. Summers
		Summers was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal given every two years to the outstanding American economist under the age of 40.
		Summers served as Domestic Policy Economist on the President's Council of Economic Advisers during 1982-1983 and served on the MIT faculty from 1979 to 1982.
		Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut in 1954.
	www.ustreas.gov /education/history/secretaries/lhsummers.html (355 words)

	Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers Joins the Brookings Institution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Arthur Okun, for whom Summers' new position was named, was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers during Lyndon Johnson's presidency and was a senior fellow in the Economic Studies Program at Brookings from 1969 until his death in 1980.
		Summers was appointed Treasury secretary on July 2, 1999, after four years as deputy secretary and two years as under secretary for international affairs, where much of his focus was on international economic and financial policy.
		From 1983 to 1993, Summers was a professor of economics at Harvard University and from 1979 to 1982 was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
	www.brook.edu /comm/news/20010117summers.htm (397 words)

	Summers hits 'anti-Semitic' actions - Campus Watch
		Summers, who holds perhaps the most visible bully pulpit in American intellectual life, told an audience at Harvard's Memorial Church Tuesday that recent calls for Harvard, Tufts, Princeton, and other schools to divest from Israel were anti-Semitic.
		Summers had previously rejected a divestment petition signed by 69 Harvard professors, but he is rarely so publicly critical of Harvard faculty and students.
		The Summers speech, which was first reported yesterday by the Harvard Crimson, comes as the Israeli divestment campaign has spread to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which drew support from 55 faculty members, as well as to Tufts, Cornell, Princeton, and the University of California system.
	www.campus-watch.org /article/id/126 (922 words)

	Summers' remarks on women draw fire - The Boston Globe
		Summers said he was only putting forward hypotheses based on the scholarly work assembled for the conference, not expressing his own judgments -- in fact, he said, more research needs to be done on these issues.
		The five other women who were offended by Summers' speech also argued that their objections were based on research that indicates women do perform at the highest levels when given the same opportunities and encouragement as men.
		Summers ended his talk by describing some of the efforts Harvard is making to improve its hiring record and help women balance work and family.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2005/01/17/summers_remarks_on_women_draw_fire (1231 words)

	cbs4boston.com - Harvard President Lawrence Summers Quits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Summers also expressed regret over what he called the "rifts and cleavages" with arts and sciences faculty that emerged during his five year tenure and that, he said, made it difficult for him to advance his agenda.
		Summers, a former U.S. Treasury secretary in the Clinton Administration, was a prominent economist when he became Harvard's 27th president after Neil L. Rudenstine announced in May 2001 his resignation after nearly a decade.
		Summers, a New Haven, Conn.-native, also was a former professor of economics at Harvard, and said he'll return to teaching there after a year sabbatical.
	cbs4boston.com /topstories/local_story_052073627.html (807 words)

	FT.com / Comment & analysis / Columnists / Lawrence Summers
		Lawrence H. Summers is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University.
		Summers has served in a series of senior public policy positions, including political economist for the President’s Council of Economic Advisers, chief economist of the World Bank, and secretary of the treasury of the United States.
		Summers received his B.S. from MIT and his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard.
	www.ft.com /comment/columnists/lawrencesummers (218 words)

	Lawrence Summers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Summers is a zealous proponent of free trade and globalization, and frequently takes positions on a number of politically-charged subjects.
		While many in the media have focused upon the controversial statements made by Summers or his political disagreement with left-leaning members of the faculty, it is also possible that these factors merely provided a pretext for members of the faculty to express their dissatisfaction with other aspects of Summers's presidency.
		Summers proposed that more emphasis be put on undergraduate education and requested that professors actually teach their undergraduate classes, as opposed to conferring responsibility on teaching assistants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lawrence_Summers (1858 words)

	RealClearPolitics
		If, for example, Summers had said that men are less likely to play the role of primary caregiver in the home, say, because men tend to be less nurturing than women, academia would have applauded his insight.
		Before his remarks on women in science, Summers noted that he might be wrong and that he didn't think it was right that there were differences in gender socialization.
		Summers already had won ill will among Harvard's left for opposing university divestment from Israel, for questioning the academic performance of African American professor Cornel West (who split for Princeton) and for supporting a return of the ROTC on campus.
	www.realclearpolitics.com /Commentary/com-2_24_05_DS.html (670 words)

	Lawrence Summers chosen as Harvard president (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Summers' appointment was approved by the university's Board of Overseers Sunday.
		Summers is currently a fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Washington-based think tank.
		Summers also served as the World Bank's chief economist from 1991 to 1993, then undersecretary of the U.S Treasury for international affairs from 1993 to 1995, then deputy Treasury secretary in 1995.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2001-03-11-summers.htm (330 words)

	Harvard Chief's Comments on Women Assailed (washingtonpost.com)
		Lawrence H. Summers is known for being blunt, but he said his remarks were misinterpreted.
		Some at Harvard view Summers as a brilliant administrator who is not afraid to say what he thinks and is bringing a much-needed breath of fresh air to a revered but stodgy academic institution.
		One of the women sharply critical of Summers at the meeting was Denice D. Denton, chancellor-designate of the University of California at Santa Cruz.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A19181-2005Jan18.html (1022 words)

	Summers, Lawrence H. - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Summers, Lawrence H. Summers, Lawrence H. economist and government official, b.
		New Haven, Conn. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, he taught at MIT and in 1983 became the youngest tenured professor in Harvard's history.
		His contentious relations with many in the faculty, and a 2005 controversy sparked by his suggestion that the presence of fewer women in upper-level science and math positions was the result of innate differences between men and women, led to his resignation in 2006.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-summersl1.html (385 words)

	OpinionJournal - Extra
		Summers himself has on occasion advanced the view that affirmative-action procedures for women are necessary because of men's unconscious bias.
		Summers was corroborated when the same Harvard women's group that is lobbying for more female professors reproached him for "speaking his mind as an individual" last week rather than toeing what they believe should be the university's party line.
		Summers who owes women an apology; it is the complainers and agitators who owe both him and all of us an apology for trying to shut down discussion of an "inequality" that is not likely to disappear.
	www.opinionjournal.com /extra/?id=110006196 (1115 words)

	National Press Club -- Lawrence Summers
		Summers is the chief financial officer of the federal government.
		The pressure is on Summers and Greenspan to continue the economic success without triggering inflation.
		Prior to his tenure at Treasury, Summers was Chief Economist of the World Bank for two years.
	www.npr.org /programs/npc/2000/000503.lsummers.html (392 words)

	Lawrence Summers, 2005 People in the News — Infoplease.com
		Lawrence Summers, 2001 People in the News - Lawrence Summers, former treasury secretary, was named Harvard University's 27th president in...
		Lawrence Summers 2006 People in the News - Lawrence Summers resigned as president of Harvard University in June, after a particularly...
		Lawrence H. Summers - Summers, Lawrence H., 1954–, U.S. economist and government official, b.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0930293.html (231 words)

	Our Words: The Lawrence Summers Memo
		The problem with the arguments against all of these proposals for more pollution in LDCs (intrinsic rights to certain goods, moral reasons, social concerns, lack of adequate markets, etc.) could be turned around and used more or less effectively against every Bank proposal for liberalization.
		Your thoughts [provide] a concrete example of the unbelievable alienation, reductionist thinking, social ruthlessness and the arrogant ignorance of many conventional 'economists' concerning the nature of the world we live in...
		Summers, on the other hand, was appointed the U.S. Treasury Secretary on July 2nd, 1999, and served through the remainder of the Clinton Admistration.
	www.whirledbank.org /ourwords/summers.html (495 words)

	Summers Press Release
		Summers served as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1995 to 1999.
		Summers has written extensively on economic analysis and policy, and is the author of Understanding Unemployment and the co-author of Reform in Eastern Europe.
		Summers received a B.S. degree from MIT and a Ph.D. from Harvard.
	www.oberlin.edu /newserv/stories/summers_release.html (521 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Harvard announces new initiative aimed at economic barriers to college
		The Crimson Summer Academy will host its first cohort of 30 students next summer (2004), for a four-week session that will include a rigorous mix of classes, workshops, projects, and field trips, as well as college planning, career apprenticeships, and guest speakers drawn from Harvard's faculty.
		Students who successfully complete all three summers will be awarded a $3,000 scholarship for use at the college or university of their choice.
		Many of these students were the first from their high schools ever to attend Harvard, and said that it never would have occurred to them to apply save some outside intervention — the encouragement of a particular teacher, becoming acquainted with a Harvard graduate in the community, or receiving a recruitment letter from Harvard.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/daily/0402/28-finaid.html (2238 words)

	CNN.com - Who is Cornel West? - January 10, 2002
		Where fl academics like Harvard's Orlando Patterson or Lawrence Bobo are more grounded in statistical analysis and surveys, West is primarily a thinker who uses his life experiences and interpretation of other works for a more impassioned, seat-of-the-pants style of professorship.
		Summers issued a statement soon afterward that Harvard remained committed to outreach efforts.
		"Summers has been looking carefully at the entire faculty of different schools here and is asking hard questions of many people," said Stephan Thernstrom, a Harvard University history professor who has debated West on affirmative action.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/fyi/teachers.ednews/01/10/west.harvard.ap (1025 words)

	U-WIRE.com/COLUMN: Exposing anti-Semitism on college campuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Summers got it right, and these issues need to be addressed by examining the issue of anti-Semitism on the anti-Israel movement.
		Summers' speech should instead be looked at as one by an intellectual who is rightfully concerned with the recent surge of anti-Semitism on college campuses.
		Summers should be commended for his bravery in raising an important issue.
	www.uwire.com /content/topops101102002.html (756 words)

	The Jackson Progressive: The Lawrence Summers Memo
		Back on December 12, 1991, the chief economist for the World Bank, Lawrence Summers, wrote an internal memo that was leaked to the environmental community, and we, in turn, publicized it.
		Summers, currently the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Dept., is Pres.
		Summers' Harvard-trained "economic logic" ruminations about dumping rich countries' poisons on their poorer neighbors, and agreed to ban the export of hazardous wastes from OECD to non-OECD countries under the Basel Convention.
	www.jacksonprogressive.com /issues/summersmemo.html (732 words)

	CFR Bio: Lawrence H. Summers - Council on Foreign Relations
		CFR President Richard N. Haass and Harvard University Professor Lawrence Summers discuss the implications of the U.S. midterm elections for the United States and the world.
		These are the conclusions of an independent Task Force chaired by former Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and former Secretary of the Treasury Lawrence H. Summers.
		Lawrence H. Summers, task force co-chair; president, Harvard University; U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1999-2001
	www.cfr.org /bios/bio.html?id=1001 (397 words)

	Lawrence Summers's Profile at Harvard University
		Lawrence H. Summers, Charles W. Eliot University Professor, served as president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006.
		Summers has taught on the faculty at Harvard and MIT.
		He has served in a series of senior public policy positions, including political economist for the President's Council of Economic Advisers, chief economist of the World Bank, and secretary of the treasury of the United States.
	ksgfaculty.harvard.edu /Lawrence_Summers (116 words)

	FOXNews.com - Harvard President's Comments About Women Spark Outrage - U.S. & World
		Lawrence H. Summers (search), speaking Friday at an economic conference, also questioned how great a role discrimination plays in keeping female scientists and engineers from advancing at elite universities.
		Summers told the Globe he was discussing hypotheses based on the scholarly work assembled for the conference, not expressing his own views.
		Summers declined to provide a tape or transcript of his remarks, but he did describe comments to the Globe similar to what participants recalled.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,144634,00.html (832 words)

	Unemployment, by Lawrence H. Summers: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Unemployment, by Lawrence H. Summers: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Lawrence H. Summers is the president of Harvard University.
		Summers, Lawrence H. "Why Is the Unemployment Rate So Very High Near Full Employment?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2 (1986): 339-83.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Unemployment.html (2029 words)

	FOXNews.com - Harvard University President to Resign - U.S. & World
		— Lawrence H. Summers is resigning as president of Harvard University at the end of the academic year, the school announced on its Web site Tuesday.
		Summers' resignation ends the briefest tenure of any Harvard president since 1862, when Cornelius Felton died after two years in office.
		Last year, Summers suggested that innate gender differences between the sexes might explain the few women in science and math.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,185565,00.html (755 words)

	INDCJournal: Clearing the Name of Lawrence H. Summers
		During nearly four years as president of Harvard University, Lawrence H. Summers has earned a reputation for blunt, sometimes brutal comments.
		Of course, Summers wasn't making a statement that men were "superior" to women, rather pointing out that different tendencies in the way men and women think may partially account for the gender gap in the advanced, hard sciences.
		Prehaps those so outraged over Summers remarks could better direct their energies in a witch hunt directed at Kennedy's memory.
	www.indcjournal.com /archives/001469.php (2057 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Lawrence H. Summers, the embattled president of Harvard University, said today that the university would spend at least $50 million over the next decade on initiatives to recruit, support and promote women and members of minorities on its faculty.
		Summers that his remarks did not "serve our institution well." "Indeed," the letter said, "they serve to reinforce an institutional culture at Harvard that erects numerous barriers to improving the representation of women on the faculty, and to impede our current efforts to recruit top women scholars.
		The president of Harvard University, Lawrence H. Summers, who offended some women at an academic conference last week by suggesting that innate differences in sex may explain why fewer women succeed in science and math careers, stood by his comments yesterday but said he regretted if they were misunderstood.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=lawrencehsummers (1396 words)

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