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Topic: Lawrence Hargrave

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	Lawrence Hargrave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lawrence Hargrave (1850 - 1915) was an engineer, explorer, astronomer, and aeronautical pioneer.
		In an astonishingly productive career, Hargrave invented many devices, but never once applied for a patent on any of them: he did not need the money, and he was a passionate believer in scientific communication as a key to furthing progress.
		Hargrave was devoted to his family, and when his son Geoffrey was killed at Gallipoli in May 1915 he was heartbroken, and died soon after hearing the news.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lawrence_Hargrave (390 words)

	The Australian Institute of Political Science
		Hargrave's intended law career was scuttled when he failed his matriculation examination, and instead he was apprenticed as an engineer to the Australian Steam Navigation Company, where over the next five years he acquired the practical and design skills that were to prove invaluable later.
		Hargrave's father had made a number of shrewd land purchases, and provided well for his sons, such that by 1883 Lawrence was able to cease paid employment to concentrate on inventions.
		Hargrave was a passionate advocate of freedom of communication within the scientific community, and an equally passionate adversary of the patenting system, preferring his inventions to be available for the benefit of all.
	www.tallpoppies.net.au /cavalcade/hargrave.htm (945 words)

	Lawrence Hargraves and kites
		Lawrence Hargraves was born in England, 1850 the son of a judge.
		Hargraves kept all his detailed notes of all the experiments that took place and even flew himself beneath a train of box kites to a height of 16ft.
		Hargraves made a major contribution to the study of aerodynamics (the study of the effect that a solid body has on air, when travelling through it), when his experiments were influential in the development of the cambered aerofoil (a structure with curved surfaces which gives lift when in flight).
	www.design-technology.org /hargraves.htm (565 words)

	Lawrence Hargrave
		Hargrave became obsessed with both the idea of inventing a lightweight engine that would be able to power an aircraft as well as the airplane structure itself.
		Hargrave referred to his kite as cellular (not a box kite), and appearing like “pieces of honeycomb on the end of a stick”, which it did.
		Hargrave knew that in his box kite (or cellular as he called it) he had a basic structure that could easily be adapted to gliders or airplanes.
	members.bellatlantic.net /~vze26db3/Miscellaneous/Hargrave.htm (1656 words)

	HangglideOZ - History of Flight
		Lawrence Hargrave was born in England in 1850, on January 29.
		Hargrave’s father was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales.
		Hargrave put forward a theory that it was the volcanic dust in the upper atmosphere that was causing the stunning sunsets.
	www.hangglideoz.com.au /history.htm (1557 words)

	Lawrence Hargrave, Australian aviation pioneer (1850-1915)
		Lawrence Hargrave was born in Greenwich England on January 29, 1850 and educated in England at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland.
		Hargrave is probably correct in his reasoning; for the history of all new methods of transportation teaches that the original inventor seldom receives pecuniary reward for the contrivance which is the first to succeed, but nevertheless he is certainly broadly liberal in giving to the world gratuitously the results of his constant studies and labors.
		Hargrave stretched the rubber so that its elongation was multiplied by pulley tackle, and that, as the rubber contracted, its center of gravity moved forward, thus advancing the center of gravity of the entire machine, and consequently diminishing the angle of flight as the force of the rubber decreased.
	www.ctie.monash.edu /hargrave/hargrave.html (6325 words)

	FLYING MACHINES - Lawrence Hargrave
		Lawrence Hargrave was firmly committed to sharing the fruits of his research, even though he conducted his experiments in Australia, far from the bustle of European and American aeronautics.
		Hargrave was also an historian, and remarked that the inventor of a new mode of transportation had never been made rich by that invention, patented or not.
		One of Hargrave's earliest achievements was to demonstrate that for a wing to lift and move through air efficiently, the center of pressure ought to be located at about 25% of the chord length of the wing section.
	www.flyingmachines.org /harg.html (900 words)

	Lawrence Hargrave, Australian aviation pioneer, 1850-1915
		On November 12, 1894, Lawrence Hargrave, the Australian inventor of the box kite, linked four of his kites together, added a sling seat, and flew 16 feet.
		Although as early as 1892 Hargrave had voiced his opposition to the idea of the "connection of the flying machine with dynamite missiles," the rotating radial engine was extensively used in military aircraft until it was superseded by new engine technologies many years later.
		Hargrave's concern for the peaceful promulgation of knowledge was evidenced in his concern for the safe placement of his working models in an environment open to the public.
	www.ctie.monash.edu.au /hargrave/hargrave_bio.html (876 words)

	Bulletin - Boxing Hargrave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Hargrave was born in England in 1850 and sailed to Australia in 1872.
		Hargrave became intrigued by the ideas of the German Otto Lilienthal, whose book Birdflight as the Basis of Aviation was published in 1889.
		Hargrave’s workshop was in the basement of an elegant terraced house in Sydney’s Elizabeth Bay but much of the testing took place around Stanwell Park.
	bulletin.ninemsn.com.au /bulletin/eddesk.nsf/All/879594B662AFABA1CA256DA900170C38 (1108 words)

	Designfax - Aug 2001 - Layer One: Mr. Hargrave's Box Kite
		Hargrave invented the box kite, a contribution that should earn this amateur historian a permanent, if small, mention in the chronicles of modern aviation.
		Lawrence Hargrave looked far beyond his box kite to see the coming of a new era, one in which man would fly.
		As for himself, Lawrence Hargrave proceeded along a noble road, refusing to patent his inventions.
	www.manufacturingcenter.com /dfx/archives/0801/0801lyr.asp (719 words)

	Box kite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was invented by the Australian Lawrence Hargrave in 1893.
		Hargrave also linked several box kites together, creating sufficent lift for him to fly some 12 ft (3.2 m) off the ground.
		This type of kite is also known as the Cody kite following its development by Samuel Cody as a platform for military observation during the Second Boer War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Box_kite (294 words)

	Walkabout - Stanwell Park
		This beach resort was once the home of Lawrence Hargrave, the inventor of the box kite and one of the founding fathers of modern aviation.
		On Lawrence Hargrave Drive, near the intersection with the Old Princes Highway, are the Symbio Wildlife Gardens, which have recently been revamped.
		From Stanwell Park Lawrence Hargrave Drive snakes its way south along the coastline, passing through the well-named Coalcliff where a narrow winding section of road is sandwiched between sheer cliffs and a precipitous drop into the ocean.
	www.walkabout.com.au /theage/theage/locations/NSWStanwellPark.shtml (1184 words)

	Gliding Magazine \| Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Hargrave box kite is a structure of two cells, set in tandem, and held against the wind at a moderate angle of attack.
		Hargrave was a man of generosity and integrity, believing in man’s eventual success in navigating the air.
		Hargrave, just like Chanute, believed firmly that aeronautical work would only progress through the continuity of labour and research by a number of people over a length of time.
	www.glidingmagazine.com /FeatureArticle.asp?id=374 (1211 words)

	Rewind (ABC TV): Hargrave's kite
		He incorporated Hargrave's design into his own glider, which the Wrights then used as the basis for their biplane.
		It seems Lawrence was never credited for his work, because of his firm belief that inventors should share their ideas freely.
		Whatever his place in history today, you can't help thinking this is the right spot for Lawrence Hargrave now - surrounded forever by the wind, waves and sky that inspired a lifetime of invention.
	www.abc.net.au /tv/rewind/txt/s1173819.htm (1457 words)

	ODAAT: one day at a time... Thu, 16 Oct 2003
		Young Lawrence was not destined to follow in his father's career footsteps, because he failed his matriculation examination, and in 1867 was apprenticed in the engineering workshops of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company.
		Perhaps Hargrave's most important contribution was the double box kite: this seemingly mundane development allowed the development of the type of machines flown by the Wright brothers.
		Some European pioneers did acknowledge their debt to Hargrave, and in one diagrammatic representation (Shaw, W. Hudson and Ruhen, Olaf, 1977) of the development of the factors and technologies that enabled the Wright Flyer of 1903, Hargrave's name appears eight times.
	www.pishtush.com /camwrangler/z031016.html (1230 words)

	Sponsors
		Although as early as 1892 Hargrave had voiced his opposition to the idea of the "connection of the flying machine with dynamite missiles," his radial engine was extensively used in early military aircraft until it was eventually superseded by new technology.
		Hargraves’ concern for the peaceful circulation of knowledge was demonstrated in his concern for the safe display of his working models in an environment freely open to the public.
		It is noted that when Hargrave was developing his aerodynamic models he spent time studying the waves of the ocean, the shape of fish and the lines of the sea birds.
	www.waverley.nsw.gov.au /cemetery/sponsors.htm (1495 words)

	Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 7, page 497
		There is no doubt that Hargrave was at the forefront of flight technology at the time and that his efforts were hampered by the distance from his co-inventors in the Northern Hemisphere.
		Hargrave spent, in fact, some five years, from 1888, on the development of suitable engines and, in 1889, invented what was probably the first rotary engine.
		Hargrave turned his attention to kites in 1893 and, in November, 1894, using four box kites, he was lifted clear off the ground and thus became the first Australian to become airborne in a heavier-than-air machine.
	www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au /tia/497.html (614 words)

	Australian Kite Association - Lawrence Hargrave
		On the 12th of November, 1894, Lawrence Hargrave was lifted from the ground by a train of four of his "cellular kites".
		In the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries Lawrence Hargrave presented at least twenty papers at meetings of the Royal Society of New South Wales.
		Hargrave developed several styles of kites and gliders, refined and developed the concept of curved surface wings, and also invented the rotary engine.
	www.kites.org /aka/hargrave/hargrave.html (398 words)

	American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics - History - Lawrence Hargrave
		Born at Greenwich, England, in 1850, the second son of John Fletcher Hargrave and Ann, nee Hargrave, Lawrence was educated at Queen Elizabeth's School at Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland.
		Lawrence was destined to follow in his father's career footsteps but he failed his matriculation and in 1867 was apprenticed in the engineering workshops of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company.
		During his lifetime Lawrence Hargrave was regarded as one of the great pioneers of aviation.
	www.aiaa.org /content.cfm?pageid=426 (972 words)

	Larwence Hargrave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Lawrence Hargrave is important to Australia because he opened the doors to other inventors and pioneers, demonstrating to the public that it was possible to build a safe and stable flying machine.
		Lawrence Hargrave was born in Greenwich, England on January 29 1850 and came to Australia in 1866.
		Lawrence Hargrave died at 66 years of age.
	teachit.acreekps.vic.edu.au /cyberfair2001/LarwenceHargrave.htm (211 words)

	Tooling & Production - Apr 2000 - Speaking Out: Mr Hargrave's box kite
		Mr Hargrave invented the box kite, a contribution that should earn the amateur historian a permanent, if small, mention in the chronicles of modern aviation.
		On Nov 12, 1894, Lawrence Hargrave "linked four of his kites together, added a sling seat, and flew 16 ft," notes the Internet biography.
		More on Lawrence Hargrave can be found on the Internet at http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave.
	www.manufacturingcenter.com /tooling/archives/0400/0040sp.asp (706 words)

	Ancestors and Related Families of Virginia L. Garber Owen - pafg97 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Hargrave [Parents] was born about 1645 in Norfolk County, Virginia.
		Richard IV Hargrave [Parents] was born in 1612/1614 in of Sowerby, Yorkshire, England.
		Lawrence Hargrave was born about 1524 in of Yorkshire, England.
	myweb.cableone.net /kevinowen3/ginnygarberancestors/pafg97.htm (540 words)

	Hargrave Kite
		He felt more pride in holding by main strength the heavy hemp twine to which a six-foot, straddle-legged-man kite was attached than ever was experienced by any, of those learned professors with their tandems of tailless kites loaded with scientific instruments.
		Hargrave calls these boxes "cells," but you must not mind that any more than you do when Mr.
		Millet spent three summers experimenting with the Malay or Eddy kite and then constructed a Hargrave kite, and seems to be well satisfied with the action of this double dry-goods box, for that is what it most resembles.
	www.inquiry.net /outdoor/spring/kites/hargrave.htm (1228 words)

	Centenary of aviation
		Lawrence Hargrave’s unique cellular or box-kite invention made significant advancements in achieving high-lift and excellent stability, factors missing from previous flying machines developed overseas.
		For this reason, Hargrave is recognised for indirectly influencing the development of the powered aeroplane in America and Europe, including the Wright brothers’ publicly acclaimed first flight.
		In addition to Hargrave’s box-kites, see the grand and gracious Catalina flying boat, the Bleriot monoplane, the Wheeler Scout and Dick Smith’s famous Australian Explorer helicopter in which he completed the record-breaking first solo circumnavigation of the world.
	www.phm.gov.au /exhibitions/centenary_of_aviation.asp (237 words)

	The Virtual Kite Zoo: Cellular Kites
		Born in Greenwich, England, Hargrave emigrated to New South Wales at the age of 16.
		His many experiments were aimed towards the goal of powered flight but he refused to patent any of his findings, prefering rather to allow anyone to build on them who could.
		Samuel Cody, an American born in Iowa in 1867, was a highly colourful and flamboyant character who enjoyed demonstrating his remarkable skills as a horseman, with the lassoo, and with the gun.
	www.kites.org /zoo/single/cell/cell.html (1917 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Book of Days \| January 29 \| Concordia Thomas Paine Edward Abbey ...
		Hargrave was nearly lost to science and aviation.
		Hargrave had papers published in the journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales (Australia), that were published abroad.
		One of the most interesting was the aeronautical pioneer, Lawrence Hargrave, who lived on Woollahra Point from 1902 to 1915.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /book/jan29.html (4477 words)

	Australian Kite Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Lawrence Hargrave, Australia's first notable kite flyer, employed many of these disciplines to study the possibility of manned flight.
		Hargrave chose to share his interest and knowledge of kites freely with others of like mind around the world.
		The Australian Kite Association is founded on Hargrave's principles of sharing this interest and knowledge gained for all, and serves as a contact point for information about kite events around Australia and the world.
	www.aka.org.au /aka.html (294 words)

	Australian National Aviation Museum - Early Australian Aviation
		However, experimentation and research had been underway for almost twenty years with Lawrence Hargrave, who was later to be hailed as the Father of Australian Aviation, carrying out experiments with box kites and developing curved flight surfaces and various compressed air and rotary engines.
		Hargrave corresponded with other would-be aviators overseas including the Brazilian, Santos Dumont, who was to gain fame in France as a pioneer aviator.
		While Hargrave did not develop a viable flying machine, his work was recognised internationally by others.
	www.aarg.com.au /Aviation-EarlyAustralian.htm (1571 words)

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