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	Layamon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Layamon, or Laȝamon (using the archaic letter yogh), was a poet of the early 13th century, whose Brut (c.
		Layamon's poem is also remarkable for its abundant Anglo-Saxon vocabulary; the scholar Roger Loomis counted only 150 words derived from Anglo-Norman in the 16,000 long-lines.
		Layamon describes himself in his poem as a priest, living at Areley Kings in Worcestershire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Layamon (306 words)

	LAYAMON - LoveToKnow Article on LAYAMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All that is known concerning Layamon is derived from two extant MSS., which present texts that often vary considerably, and it is necessary to understand their comparative value before any conclusions can be drawn.
		Layamon gives the whole story, from the time of Brutus to that of Cadwalader, who may be identified with the Caedwalla of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, baptized by Pope Sergius in the year 688.
		Both texts of Layamon are in a southwestern dialect; the A-text in particular shows the Wessex dialect of earlier times (commonly called Anglo-Saxon) in a much later form, and we can hardly doubt that the author, as he intimates, could read the old version of Beda intelligently.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LA/LAYAMON.htm (1011 words)

	§12. Layamon’s "Brut". XI. Early Transition English. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. ...
		Layamon’s ambitious purpose was to tell the story of Britain from the time of the Flood.
		23 In the first place, Wace and Layamon have certain details in common which are lacking in the work of Geoffrey; in the matter of omissions Wace and Layamon frequently agree as opposed to Geoffrey; while again they often agree in differing from the Latin narrative in regard to place and personal names.
		To Gaimar moreover may probably be attributed several details of Layamon’s style—his tendency to employ forms of direct speech, his discursiveness, his appeals to the gods and his protestations as to the truth of his narrative.
	www.bartleby.com /211/1112.html (1766 words)

	Layamon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Layamon, or Laȝamon (using the archaic letter (Click link for more info and facts about yogh) yogh), was a poet of the early (Click link for more info and facts about 13th century) 13th century, whose Brut (c.
		Layamon's poem is also remarkable for its abundant (A native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman conquest) Anglo-Saxon vocabulary; the scholar Roger Loomis counted only 150 words derived from (The French (Norman) language used in medieval England) Anglo-Norman in the 16,000 long-lines.
		Layamon describes himself in his poem as a priest, living at (Click link for more info and facts about Areley Kings) Areley Kings in (A savory sauce of vinegar and soy sauce and spices) Worcestershire.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/La/Layamon.htm (261 words)

	§10. Layamon. XII. The Arthurian Legend. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. The Cambridge ...
		Layamon, dwelling in seclusion on the banks of the Severn, where “it was good to be,” was fired by an ambition “to tell the noble deeds of England,”; and to tell them in the English tongue.
		Arthur, therefore, was to Layamon, primarily, the ideal British hero—an actual king of England, whose character and prowess deserved the veneration of his countrymen altogether apart from the glamour with which romance had enshrouded his name.
		Among the most interesting of Layamon’s additions to, and amplifications of, Wace’s narrative are his accounts of Arthur’s dream shortly before his last return to Britain, and of the origin and the making of the Round Table.
	www.bartleby.com /211/1210.html (975 words)

	Identity and Cultural Exchange 600-1600: Philip Shaw, 'Constructing the English Gentleman...'
		Layamon appears, therefore, to be responding to a perception of the existence of two variant names for the hill.
		Layamon draws attention to the fact that, although the hill was previously referred to as Tumbe Eleine, it was called Mont Saint Michel in Layamon's day.
		Layamon is writing territorial claims on the Arthurian landscape of northern France which are essentially English, and belong within a sense of English national identity, but which both address and inform the identity of an ambiguous gentleman, not necessarily Anglo-Saxon or Norman, but certainly English.
	www.english.bham.ac.uk /medievalstudies/ice/Shaw.htm (2997 words)

	Layamon on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His Brut is a chronicle in 32,341 short lines on the history of Britain, from the fall of Troy to the arrival of Brutus in Britain and continuing through the death of Cadwaladr.
		Layamon freely adapted the Brut of Wace and added material from other sources.
		Layamon and the fortunes of yogh.(Medium Aevum)(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Layamon.asp (333 words)

	[No title]
		Layamon laid before him these books, and turned over the leaves; lovingly he beheld them--may the Lord be merciful to him!--pen he took with fingers, and wrote on book-skin, and the true words set together, and the three books compressed into one.
		Layamon's contributions to our knowledge of the Arthurian material are, however, comparatively small, since he augmented his original in the main by passages inspired by his own imagination.[19] His additions may be called poetic rather than legendary.
		Layamon, however, expands the few lines that Wace devotes to the subject into one of his longest additions to his source, by introducing the story of a savage fight for precedence at a court feast, which was the immediate cause for fashioning the Round Table, a magical object.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/0/4/7/10472/10472-8.txt (23898 words)

	Gawain in Wace, Layamon, and the Alliterative Morte Arthure: A Cultural Comparison
		Layamon's Brut, which was written for an early 13th-century Anglo-Saxon audience (1210 is the best estimate for a date, though it may be as early as 1189), has a very tragical outlook on the story, not only of Arthur, but of all men.
		Layamon attempts to redefine Anglo-Saxon identity by connecting it with Norman romance tradition, rather than with Germanic culture.
		In a discussion of Layamon's Brut versus the Alliterative Morte Arthure, it is especially problematic, since the later work was written during the Alliterative Revival of the fourteenth century, and the writer may have been consciously trying to emulate an Old English attitude as well as the poetic forms.
	www.unc.edu /~lorelei/thesis.html (4379 words)

	English Literature For Boys And Girls - H.E. Marshall - Free Online Library
		Layamon took Wace's book for a foundation, but he added a great deal to it, and there are many stories in Layamon not to be found in Wace.
		Layamon wrote his Brut more than a hundred years after the coming of the Normans, and although his poem is in the main alliterative, sometimes he has rhyming lines such as "mochel dal heo iwesten: mid harmen pen mesten," that is:--
		Layamon tells many wonderful stories of Arthur, from the time he was born to his last great battle in which he was killed, fighting against the rebel Modred.
	marshall.thefreelibrary.com /English-Literature-For-Boys-And-Girls/7-1 (2208 words)

	King Arthur: Wace, Layamon, and the Alliterative Morte Arthur
		Whereas Wace used imagery and vivid language to enhance his descriptions of deeds and loves, Layamon hearkens back to the Anglo-Saxon days, when things were straightforward and warriors didn't have time to pursue affairs because they were too busy keeping themselves from being killed in battle.
		The importance of Layamon's Brut is the focal point's being Arthur himself, with a court at London.
		Layamon does include the Round Table, of course, although his is the product of a chance meeting between Arthur and a Cornwall carpenter who offered to make a table that could be folded up and carried anywhere while at the same be able to seat 1,600.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/historicalliterature4.html (799 words)

	LAYAMON - Encyclopedia Britannica - LAYAMON - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		LAYAMON, early English poet, was the author of a chronicle of Britain entitled Brut, a paraphrase of the Brut d'Angleterre by Wace, a native of
		Both texts, the former especially, are remarkably free from admixture with words of French origin; the lists that have been given hitherto are inexact, but it may be said that the number of French words in the A-text can hardly exceed loo, or in the B-text 16o.
		Both texts of Layamon are in a south-western dialect; the A-text in particular shows the Wessex dialect of earlier times (commonly called Anglo-Saxon) in a much later form, and we can hardly doubt that the author, as he intimates, could read the old version of Beda intelligently.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/LAP_LEO/LAYAMON.html (1248 words)

	Layamon Biography / Biography of Layamon Biography Biography
		Layamon expanded, inserted, omitted, and transformed the passages of indirect discourse into dramatic speech.
		At any rate, Layamon employed a loosely alliterative line, many of the half lines scanning on two strong accents.
		Layamon was plainly on the road that led to the more sophisticated metrical experiments of Geoffrey Chaucer.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-layamon/index.html (668 words)

	Kristina Mesaros Professor Hayton
		As in Geoffrey’s narration, Layamon establishes a dichotomy consisting of the civilized Arthur and the barbarous Mordred.
		Layamon leads the reader towards an attachment with Arthur and a desire for revenge upon Mordred.
		By having Arthur confront his enemy in the form of a self-interested lord, Layamon instills the value of barbarism in the form of a man as being the enemy of civilization.
	www.guilford.edu /classes/engl/hhayton/Scriptorium/all_texts/kristina_mesaros.htm (1026 words)

	My Thesis
		Layamon's work is followed by a discussion of the Vulgate Cycle, also known as the Prose Lancelot for its focus on Sir Lancelot du Lac and because it is written in prose instead of poetry.
		Layamon also tells of a delay of a fortnight while Arthur waits for favorable winds in order to cross the Channel (14092-4), and says that spies are all the while conveying information to Modred, making Arthur's job still more difficult.
		Thus, Layamon's dream was closer to the actual history of the event as he knew it, showing the mead hall representing Camelot, Modred destroying Camelot together with the queen, and Arthur dying and being taken over the sea to Avallon.
	www.westnet.com /~levins/thesis.html (14281 words)

	Layamon's Brut
		Layamon's Brut is one of the first major texts written in a Middle English dialect.
		From the scarce information that the author of the Brut supplies we know that he was a priest at Areley by the bank of the River Severn close to Redstone, which would indicate a south-west Midland dialect.
		Queen Eleanor who died in 1204 and Layamon referring to her in the past tense.
	web.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /~holteir/companion/Navigation/Anonymous_Texts/Layamon_s_Brut/layamon_s_brut.html (341 words)

	Background on King Arthur's weapons
		Both the authors, Wace and Layamon, wrote in verse; hence the stilted nature of the translations.
		Forth he gan to push exceeding hastily until he beside Bath, approached a plain; there he alighted, and all his knights; and on with their burnies the stern men, and he in five divisions separated his army.
		Layamon's description of the battle is omitted because there is no mention of Excalibur.
	www.geocities.com /dagonet_uk/weapdata.htm (6167 words)

	[No title]
		These are the first two extended treatments of the Arthurian story in French and English, which will come to be, of course, the two languages in which the tradition develops most fully in the centuries to come.
		Layamon is himself translating Wace’s translation of Geoffrey--a translation of a translation.
		The Early Middle English language of Layamon’s poem is at some midpoint between the Anglo-Saxon of Beowulf and Chaucer’s Middle English.
	web.centre.edu /rasmuss/arthur/Documents/ArthurlectureFeb11.doc (872 words)

	LAYAMON - Online Information article about LAYAMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Layamon's work is largely original; Wace's Brut contains 15,300 lines, and Layamon's 32,240 lines of a similar length; and many of Layamon's additions to Wace are nctable, such as his story " regarding the See also:
		Vortigern, Uther and Arthur; and from this mythical Brutus the name Brut was transferred so as to denote the entire chronicle of this British history.
		See Layamon's Brut, or a Chronicle of Britain; a Poetical Semi-Saxon Paraphrase of the Brut of Wace;...by Sir F. Madden (1847) ; B. ten Brink, Early English Literature, trans.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LAP_LEO/LAYAMON.html (1638 words)

	Notes
		An extensive discussion of Layamon's versification may be found in S.K. Brehe, "'Rhythmical Alliteration': Ælfric's Prose and Layamon's Metre," in The Text and Tradition of Layamon's Brut, ed.
		Without making too much of it, I will note that Layamon's old parish of Arely Kings, in the diocese of Worcester, lies in Anglian Mercia, not all that far from the border with the West Saxon kingdom that had taken the "high kingship" of Britain from Mercia in the ninth century.
		Neil Wright, however, has more recently produced convincing evidence that Layamon does not adhere to this distinction until "toward the end of the poem," and that he bases his distinction upon religion: the Saxons are pagan and the English are Christian.
	www.luc.edu /publications/medieval/vol17/17ch2n.html (1759 words)

	Arthuriana Pedagogy Page - Arthurian Audio Files - Layamon's Brut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Layamon's Middle English is earlier than Chaucer's language, and sometimes sounds more Germanic, closer to Anglo-Saxon.
		The [y] in the name of the author and in the word "Ernleye" below is actually a "yogh," which looks like a flat headed 3 and for which there is no HTML code.
		Cottle's reading, but the name is usually rendered "Layamon," occasionally "Lazamon" or "Lawman." In this text the þ "thorn" and ð "eth" represent a [th] sound.
	www.smu.edu /arthuriana/teaching/layamon_cottle.html (233 words)

	The University of Manchester
		Recent articles on Layamon have included `Thematic Wordplay in Layamon's Brut', Arthuriana, 8 (1998), and 'Marginal Illustration: a clue to the provenance of the Cotton Caligula manuscript of Layamon's Brut?', in Layamon: Contexts, Language, and Interpretation, ed.
		Unjustly neglected until recent years, Layamon's Brut, the second longest poem in the English language, is now attracting the attention of researchers.
		The first International Layamon Conference was held in August 1992 at the University of Lausanne, and the fifth conference is to be held in August 2004 at Brown University, Providence, USA.
	www.arts.manchester.ac.uk /subjectareas/englishamericanstudies/academicstaff/caroleweinberg (273 words)

	Layamon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		LAYAMON (_fl._ 1200).--Metrical historian, the _s._ of Leovenath.
		All that is known of him is gathered from his own writings.
		The poem is in the old English unrhymed, alliterative verse, and "marks the revival of the English mind and spirit."
	simplestartpage.com /2304_Layamon.html (142 words)

	An Exchange of Letters
		If the guilty parties are not given over to me before that time, I will also claim the Abbey on behalf of my vassals.
		Layamon ordered a novice to take the letter to one of the couriers for immediate delivery, and then to summon Marsilio and Bessarion into the Abbot's study.
		Layamon showed him the letter from Robert of Shiredale.
	www.dboyko.info /episode10.html (762 words)

	Alibris: Layamon
		Layamon's Brut : a history of the Britons
		At sixteen-thousand lines long, Layamon's Brut, written c.1200-1220, is the second longest poem in the English language.
		This national epic celebrates a myth, largely invented by Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Historia (1138) and elaborated by the Jerseyman Wace (1155), of a Britain founded by Trojan refugees, repeatedly beset by foreign invasions...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Layamon (172 words)

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