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Layer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In telecommunications a layer is an F region. In object-oriented design a layer is a group of classes that have the same set of (link-time) module dependencies to other modules, i.e. Layer de la Haye is a villige in Essex, United Kingdom. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Layer   (179 words)

OSI model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Usually, the implementation of a protocol is layered in a similar way to the protocol design, with the possible exception of a 'fast path' where the most common transaction allowed by the system may be implemented as a single component encompassing aspects of several layers. The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer. The network layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks while maintaining the quality of service requested by the Transport layer. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/OSI_model   (1224 words)

Ozone layer - Open Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The total quantity of ozone in the ozone layer is not very large; if just the ozone were compressed to the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only a few millimeters thick. The concentration of atmospheric ozone in the ozone layer varies by a large factor worldwide, being thicker near the equator and thinner at the poles. On August 2, 2003, scientists announced that the depletion of the ozone layer may be slowing down due to an international ban on chlorofluorocarbons. open-encyclopedia.com /Ozone_layer   (436 words)

Boundary Layer The details of the flow within the boundary layer are very important for many problems in aerodynamics, including the development of a wing stall, the skin friction drag of an object, the heat transfer that occurs in high speed flight, and the performance of a high speed aircraft inlet. For lower Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is laminar and the streamwise velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the wall, as shown on the left side of the figure. The effects of the boundary layer on lift are contained in the lift coefficient and the effects on drag are contained in the drag coefficient. www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/boundlay.html   (793 words)

ozone layer on Encyclopedia.com Ozone in the ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. The ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet (UV) and other high-energy radiation from penetrating to the earth's surface but does allow through sufficient ultraviolet rays to support the activation of vitamin D in humans. Higher levels of radiation resulting from the depletion of the ozone layer have been linked with increases in skin cancers and cataracts and have been implicated in the decline of certain amphibian species. www.encyclopedia.com /html/o1/ozonelay.asp   (655 words)

Howstuffworks "How OSI Works" Application - This is the layer that actually interacts with the operating system or application whenever the user chooses to transfer files, read messages or perform other network-related activities. Flow control means that the Transport layer looks to see if data is coming from more than one application and integrates each application's data into a single stream for the physical network. Data - In this layer, the appropriate physical protocol is assigned to the data. computer.howstuffworks.com /osi1.htm   (267 words)

DevGuru JavaScript OBJECT: Layer These objects are then stored in the layers array of the parent document and accessed using either the name defined within the HTML tag or an integer (with '0' being the first element defined, in source order, in the specified form). This method moves the specified layer to the pixel co-ordinates supplied in the x and y parameters, relative to the page, as opposed to the parent layer. This method is used to resize a layer to the dimensions supplied with the width and height (both integers, in pixels) parameters. www.devguru.com /Technologies/ecmascript/quickref/layer.html   (1133 words)

Layer Layers can also be transparent or solid; if transparent, the content of underlying layers shows through it. An alternate method of defining a layer is through the use of the ILAYER element, which allows the definition of layers whose position follows the flow of the page [like an image] - this is known as an 'inflow layer'. Default behavior for a layer is to be transparent. www.blooberry.com /indexdot/html/tagpages/l/layer.htm   (1399 words)

Cisco - Layer 3 Switching Demystified   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) In discussions about Layer 3 switches, often the prime area of focus is raw performance which refers to the aggregate number of packets that a device can switch in and out over a fixed period of time. Layer 3 switches tend to have packet switching throughputs in the millions of packets per second (pps), while traditional general-purpose routers have evolved from the 100,000 pps range to over a million pps. One of the fundamental capabilities of routers and Layer 3 switches is the creation of routing tables that automatically adjust themselves to the ever-changing network topologies caused by link failures, device failures, and additions and deletions to the network. www.cisco.com /warp/public/cc/so/neso/lnso/cpso/l3c85_wp.htm   (2976 words)

Webopedia: The 7 Layers of the OSI Model   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy. This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing. www.webopedia.com /quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp   (426 words)

Ozone Layer Martha: (shrugs her shoulders in a gesture of uncertainty) I think the ozone layer’s like the top of the air where we are right now and then the rest is empty of the ozone layer. The atmosphere is divided into five layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere. The most obvious, and perhaps most important connection between society and the ozone layer is the fact that scientific research suggests depletion of the ozone layer directly and indirectly endangers the health of the population. www.umich.edu /~gs265/society/ozone.htm   (5309 words)

HTML Ref » Reference » HTML Element Reference The coordinates are relative to the layer's origin point, 0,0 in its top-left corner, and might have nothing to do with the pixel coordinates of the screen. This attribute is used to set the height of the layer either in pixels or as a percentage of the screen or region the layer is contained within. This attribute specifies a layer's width in pixels or as a percentage value of the enclosing layer or browser width. www.htmlref.com /reference/appa/tag_layer.htm   (627 words)

Lunacore Photoshop Tutorials - Layer Masks (part 1/3) Layer Mask are quite often used to hide pixels, but can also be used to mask the result of an adjustment layer. A layer mask is actually telling photoshop how to deal with the layer it's attached to and does this by using shades of gray. By default a layer and its masked are linked, meaning that moving the layer will also move the mask or moving the mask will also move the layer. www.lunacore.com /photoshop/tutorials/tut003.htm   (699 words)

Standard CAD Layer Naming Conventions As the curriculum development for AET 241 began prior to the finalization of either the AIA Layer guidelines or the National CAD standard, a decision had to be made several years ago concerning a layering system. A course standard layer system was developed that uses a logic similar to the AIA system, but is not identical to it. Prior to AutoCAD 2000, the color definitions for the layers were significant as they directly correlated to the plotter formatting for determining the lineweights on the drawing. user.dtcc.edu /~cripps/courses/aet_content/cadinfo/cad_layername.html   (948 words)

The OSI Model, data link layer, 7 layer model This layer is resonsible for the ordering and reassembly of packets that may have been broken up to travel across certain media. Once the data from layer 2 has been received, layer 3 examines the destination address and if it is the address of its own end station, it passes the data after the layer 3 header to layer 4. The MAC layer concerns itself with the access control method and determines how use of the physical transmission is controlled and provides the token ring protocols that define how a token ring operates. www.rhyshaden.com /osi.htm   (762 words)

Transport layer Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The purpose of the Transport layer is to provide transparent transfer of data between end users, thus relieving the upper layers from any concern with providing reliable and cost-effective data transfer. The Network layer doesn't generally guarantee that packets of data will arrive in the same order that they were sent, but often this is a desirable feature, so the Transport layer provides it. The idea is that the Network layer implements whatever set of options is easiest: for some underlying networks it is easiest to implement connectionless communication, while for others it is easiest to implement connection oriented communication. www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/transport_layer.html   (692 words)

Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure In windy conditions, the surface layer is characterized by a strong wind shear caused by friction. It is often characterized by a stable layer, which forms when the solar heating ends and the radiative cooling and surface friction stabilize the lowest part of the ABL. The analysis of the boundary layer structure is not usually that straightforward in the case of low pressure. lidar.ssec.wisc.edu /papers/akp_thes/node6.htm   (608 words)

Photoshop--Layer Masks Layer masks are fairly easy to use, but a little mysterious. We could go through the steps of naming this layer, etc. but, since this is a very quick job, we can leave the name and other options at the default settings. What we've done is create a mask that allows the background layer (the one with the color photo) to blend through to the top layer (the one with the fl and white drawing). www.grafx-design.com /01photo.html   (444 words)

Data link layer - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The data link layer is level two of the seven-level OSI model. It responds to service requests from the network layer and issues service requests to the physical layer. The data link layer is the layer of the model which ensures that data is transferred correctly between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network. encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /data_link_layer.htm   (476 words)

simulating unconfined aquifer as a multi-layer model. If you see when calibrating that some layer should act more in an unconfined way, what you need to do is to imput as values for your specific storage the same value than specific yield. If you were to set the upper layer as a confined layer, it would take the water from areas that appear to be "flooded" and redistribute it elsewhere in the model. If a lower and saturated layer is defined as always unconfined, then I reckon that MODFLOW will probably apply a transmissivity based on a saturated thickness up to the water table and include regions that are above the layer, thus overestimating the transmissivity of that layer. www.bossintl.com /forums/showthread.php?threadid=12040   (1351 words)

Protocol Layer   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) However it does not cleanly fit in to the abstract layered model, because within the ATM network itself, end-to-end connection, flow control, and routing are all done at the ATM cell level. In the OSI reference model, it would be considered layer 2 (where layer 1 is the physical layer and layer 2 is the datalink layer in the internet protocol stack). On the receiving side, the cells are reassembled in hardware using the ATM adaptation layer, and the original datagram is restored. www.ou.edu /class/telecomm/lect08_atm_e.htm   (408 words)

Introduction to Internet At the data link layer, however, all the information passed down by the network layer (the Layer 3 header and the data) is treated as data. The data link layer in System B then reads the control information contained in the header prepended by the data link layer in System A. The header is then removed, and the remainder of the information unit is passed to the network layer. The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introint.htm   (6558 words)

· Greyworld · The Layer The Greenwich Foot tunnel was the first installation in a public space to use the Layer system. Greyworld had been experimenting with different ways to articulate these transit spaces, from purely analogue methods of sound capture and distortion, to more complex methods of digitising movement and form. These allow both a wider range of inputs to be used, such as colour and shape, and also a wider range of expressive outputs, such as light and generative display. www.greyworld.org /artwork/the_layer   (272 words)

Ozone Layer Thinning   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The layer of ozone in the stratosphere, a layer far above the earth's surface, is critical to life on earth because it blocks out ultraviolet rays. A thinner ozone layer is likely to cause a noticeable increase in skin cancer, eye problems, and other diseases. First, ozone layer thinning effects in the United States are strongest in the northwest; there may be effects over Houston, but so far satellite data suggests changes are negligible. www.harc.edu /4site/4siteFCRolt.html   (364 words)

layer 2 - a Whatis.com definition Layer 2 refers to the Data Link layer of the commonly-referenced multilayered communication model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The Data Link layer is concerned with moving data across the physical links in the network. In a network, the switch is a device that redirects data messages at the layer 2 level, using the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address to determine where to direct the message. searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214603,00.html   (191 words)

layer - a Whatis.com definition - see also: program layer The reference model for communication programs, Open System Interconnection (OSI), is a layered set of protocols in which programming at both ends of a communications exchange uses an identical set of layers. In the OSI model, there are seven layers, each reflecting a different function that has to be performed in order for program-to-program communication to take place between computers. Layers are useful because they allow you to move and manipulate parts of an image to see how your changes affect the whole. searchvb.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci343052,00.html   (345 words)

The Transport Layer   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) The basic function of the transport layer, is to accept data from the session layer, split it up into smaller units if need be, pass these to the network layer, and ensure that the pieces all arrive correctly at the other end. In all cases, the transport layer is required to make the multiplexing transparent to the session layer. The transport layer also determines what type of service to provide to the session layer, and ultimately, the users of the network. www2.rad.com /networks/1994/osi/transp.htm   (408 words)

Layer Cake (2004)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Usually when a trailer needs to draw reference to 'one's we made earlier' (in this case Lock, Stock, and Snatch) when the writer or director of said films has nothing to do with the project, the end result is a poor copycat. Layer Cake introduces us (once more) to the world of the cockney gangsters, and the dealing of drugs. The medication of choice this time is Ecstacy, and the set up involves an up-and-coming name in the dealing trade being thrown a job by one of the big names. www.imdb.com /title/tt0375912   (631 words)

Using Layer Comps: Tutorial   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) You create a comp by first changing the state of the Layers palette (turning layers on and off, moving layers, or changing their opacity, blending mode, or effects), then recording a comp in the Layer Comps palette. Unlike layer sets, layer comps can record whether the layer is visible, how the layer is positioned horizontally or vertically in an image, the opacity and blending mode of the layer, and whether a layer style is applied to the layer. The new comp is based on the current state of layers in the Layers palette. www.adobe.com /tips/phs8lyrcomp/main.html   (467 words)

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