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Topic: Laysan Albatross

	Arctic Studies Center
		The Laysan Albatross breeds on isolated islands in the central Pacific Ocean, but is found throughout the northern oceans during all times of the year.
		Laysan Albatrosses are among the largest of all flying birds, having a wingspread greater than 2m (6 ft), but weighing only 10 kg (22 lbs).
		Laysan Albatrosses are specialized feeders on schooling fish and snatch unwary individuals from just under the surface.
	www.mnh.si.edu /arctic/html/albatross.html (168 words)

	Laysan Albatross -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Laysan Albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis, is a large (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabird that ranges across the (That part of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator) North Pacific.
		The Laysan Albatross' (The light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) plumage has been compared to that of a (Mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs) gull, two tone with a dark grey mantle and wings, and white underside and head.
		The Laysan Albatross is colonial, nesting on scattered small islands and (An island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon) atolls, often in huge numbers.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/laysan_albatross.htm (575 words)

	Albatross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Numbers of albatrosses have declined in the past due to harvesting for feathers, but today the albatrosses are threatened by introduced species such as rats and feral cats that attack eggs, chicks and nesting adults, pollution, and long-line fishing.
		All albatrosses range in the southern hemisphere except for the four North Pacific albatrosses, of which three occur exclusively in the North Pacific, from Hawaii to Japan, California and Alaska; and one, the Waved Albatross, breeds on the equator in the Galapagos Islands and feeds off the coast of South America.
		Albatrosses are colonial, usually nesting on isolated islands; where colonies are on larger landmasses they are found on exposed headlands with good approaches from the sea in several directions, like the colony on the Otago Peninsula in Dunedin, New Zealand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albatross (4173 words)

	::Seabirds:: (Laysan and Black-footed Albatross )
		The Laysan Albatross and Black-footed Albatross are two of the 3 species of albatross that occur in Alaskan waters.
		Laysan, Black-footed, and Short-tailed Albatross have a wingspan of almost two meters, which is half that of the largest albatrosses.
		Nearly all of the 400,000 breeding pairs of Laysan Albatross and 50,000 pairs of Black-footed Albatross nest in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/seabird_foragefish/seabirds/flash_cards/laysan_albatross.html (503 words)

	NatureWorks - Laysan Albatross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The laysan albatross is a little more than two feet in length and has a wingspan of over six feet.
		The laysan albatross breeds on islands in the mid-Pacific, especially islands in the Hawaiian chain.
		The female laysan albatross lays one egg in a depression in the sand.
	www.nhptv.org /Natureworks/laysan.htm (334 words)

	Albatross, South Georgia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Albatrosses are among the most spectacular gliders of all birds, able to stay aloft in windy weather for hours without ever flapping their extremely long, narrow wings.
		The growth of the young albatross is very slow, especially in the larger species; it attains flight plumage in 3 to 10 months, then spends the next 5 to 10 years at sea, passing through several pre-adult plumages before coming to land to mate.
		Seamen once held albatrosses in considerable awe; they held that killing an albatross would bring bad luck, a superstition reflected in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” In spite of this superstition, the birds were often taken on baited hooks by sailors for meat.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /albatross.htm (402 words)

	Plastic ingestion by Laysan Albatross chicks on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, in 1994 and 1995. Heidi J. Auman et al. In ...
		Laysan Albatross chicks from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean, were assessed in 1994 and 1995 for impacts of plastic ingestion.
		Laysan Albatrosses Diomedea (Phoebastria) immutabilis accumulate plastic materials in their proventriculi and gizzards and are reported to have a greater incidence, a wider variety, and larger volume of ingested plastic than any other seabird (Kenyon and Kridler 1969; Sileo and Fefer 1987; Sileo et al.
		Laysan Albatross chicks with plastic in their stomachs may experience all of these sensations in the hot summer months prior to fledging.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Ocean/Albatross-Plastic-Ingestion1997.htm (3428 words)

	The Albatrosses
		Albatrosses can be distinguished from the other petrels because their tubular nostrils are placed at either side of the top mandible of their bill rather than being fused together on top.
		Fossil albatross have been found in England and USA and Japan, indicating that they once had a northern distribution which is believed to have ended 20 MYA when the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans ceased to meet in the Panama.
		Albatrosses are famous for their expressive courtship which involves dancing and in some species such as the Sooty Albatross, daring chases in flight with the following bird repeating every move of the leader.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/albatross.html (1341 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Laysan Albatross
		Laysan Albatross is the only Pacific albatross with white underparts and a uniformly dark back and upperwing.
		From November to July, Laysan Albatrosses gather to nest in large colonies on offshore islands in the North Pacific Ocean.
		Laysan Albatrosses generally feed at night when their prey rises nearer to the surface.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=118 (1074 words)

	About Laysan Island
		Laysan is the second largest land mass in the NWHI (1,015 acres) just behind Sand Island at Midway Atoll.
		Although the reef at Laysan is the smallest of the NWHI (145,334 acres), it is quite rich.
		Laysan, the poster child for restorative island efforts, is considered one of the "crown jewels" of the NWHI.
	www.hawaiireef.noaa.gov /about/laysan.html (551 words)

	Laysan Albatross, Kaena Point, Oahu Hawaii
		On a per acre basis, Laysan Island may be the extinction capital of the United States.
		Albatross are so beautiful in the air that superstitious sailors believed they were the reincarnated spirits of dead sailors who were searching the oceans for their lost friends.
		Albatross can be seen nesting at Ka'ena Point, by binoculars on a classic sailing vessel (we don't want to disturb them!) during the winter months.
	www.sailhawaii.com /alba.html (386 words)

	Audubon: Albatross Wanderings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Laysan albatross closest to the barracks where I'm staying is a female with a satellite transmitter on her back; I've begun referring to her as Amelia.
		The young Laysan albatrosses weigh as much as the first-arriving adult males did, and they're 25 percent heavier than their overworked fathers.
		A lone Laysan albatross is paddling those cobalt swells, and only the sleek, uniform darkness of its mantle-no sun-bleached wear and tear-tells me the bird is a freshly minted chick.
	magazine.audubon.org /features0101/albatross.html (4017 words)

	New Page 1
		The species I study, the Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) is in the family Diomedeidae.
		The breeding range of Laysans and Black-foots are virtually confined to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (stretching from Nihoa up to Kure) though there are some small colonies of Laysan Albatross on Kauai and Oahu.
		Albatross are extremely long-lived (up to at least 60 years) and breed very slowly - only lay one egg each year.
	www.sbs.utexas.edu /rseabury/Albatross.htm (173 words)

	Albatrosses at Work
		Albatross parents catch and swallow their prey at sea, then fly back to the nest.
		Albatrosses are predatory and they bring food to their young in the nest, so it is not a surprise that they have a small clutch size.
		The bigger albatrosses lay bigger eggs; it's more or less correct to say that the mass (weight) of the egg is about 8% of the female's body mass.
	www.wfu.edu /albatross/atwork/atwork.htm (1091 words)

	ipedia.com: Albatross Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The albatrosses (from Portuguese Alcatraz, a pelican) are seabirds in the family Diomedeidae, which is closely allied to the petrels.
		All 21 albatross species are endangered species (or more threatened than that) according to the IUCN Red List.
		The taxonomy of the albatross group is very fluid at the present time.
	www.ipedia.com /albatross.html (412 words)

	Laysan albatross - Phoebastria immutabilis: More Information - ARKive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Most Laysan albatrosses breed on the northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago and off Baja California, and spend the non-breeding season out at sea in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea (2).
		The Laysan albatross seizes food at the surface and by shallow diving to catch squid, fish and crustaceans (2).
		Massive exploitation of the Laysan albatross for its feathers in the first half of the 20th century had a devastating effect on population numbers, and whilst it is known that population numbers improved following a ban between 1980 and 1995, they have yet to resume their original numbers.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/birds/Phoebastria_immutabilis/more_info.html (686 words)

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		The Black-footed Albatross (Diomedia nigripes) is one of two species of Albatross that nests annually in the Hawaiian Islands, and one of three that occur regularly in the North Pacific (the other species being Laysan and Short-tailed Albatrosses).
		Most Laysan Albatrosses manage to find their way back to the island on which they were born, with only a few birds travelling to other areas; these "lost" birds however, may be the colonisers of new breeding grounds, helping the species to spread to other island-chains.
		Laysan Albatrosses do not exhibit strong territorial behaviour and will only make bobbing and lunging motions to show where their nest site is, however once the chicks have hatched Black-footed Albatross may approach them and attack them quite ferociously, resulting in bloody patches on the necks of juveniles.
	www.birdinghawaii.co.uk /XBFAlbatross2.htm (2247 words)

	Laysan Island
		In some ways Laysan Island is the most fascinating and in some ways the most unfortunate of all the tiny dots of land in the "little end of Hawaii." In former days it supported the largest albatross rookery of the entire chain.
		Laysan is located 790 sea miles to the northwest of Honolulu, in latitude 25 degrees 42' 14" North, longitude 171 degrees 44' 04" West of Greenwich.
		Thus, when a party of Japanese poachers landed on Laysan and Lisianski in the spring of 1909, they were promptly arrested by the revenue cutter Thetis and taken to Honolulu for trial.
	www.janeresture.com /laysan/index.htm (1990 words)

	Laysan Albatross
		In 1996, about 387,854 breeding pairs of Laysan Albatross nested on all three islands of Midway Atoll (Sand: 182,574; Eastern: 203,871; and Spit: 1,409).
		Laysans usually stay at least 20 to 30 kilometers offshore during the non-breeding months (July - October).
		During these months Laysans are distributed throughout the northwestern and northeastern range of the Pacific.
	www.fws.gov /midway/wildlife/laal.html (390 words)

	1/8/2004~Massive Albatross Nest Count Completed at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
		The total number of active Laysan albatross nests counted was 441,178, and the total for the fl-footed albatross was 20,393.
		Since the male and female albatrosses take turns incubating their eggs, all active nests are counted and the census is stated in terms of the number of breeding pairs.
		Albatrosses are long-lived species (up to more than 50 years) that produce an average of only one egg every two years.
	news.fws.gov /NewsReleases/R1/9B473CB1-B493-438A-A787BE1C7EED39A3.html (1081 words)

	Hawaii Pelagic-Laysan Albatross
		All albatross species must land on the water to feed, dipping their heads and bills into surface waters.
		Laysans feed mostly on squid that possess light organs and that migrate up to the surface from deep water during darkness.
		The competition for food between Black-footed and Laysan Albatross is reduced due to this difference in prey items and feeding behavior.
	www.oahunaturetours.com /pelagic/spc01layssan.html (307 words)

	Laysan - Island Profiles - Voyage to Kure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The effects of guano mining, feather poaching, and the introduction of rabbits in the early 1900s, caused the Laysan albatross population to plummet from about 1 million in 1891 to about 30,000 in 1923.
		Laysan exemplifies restorative island efforts and is considered one of the crown jewels of the NWHI.
		Populations of the endangered Laysan finch and Laysan duck are similar in size to those recorded in the early 20th century.
	www.oceanfutures.org /kure/islands/laysan.asp (383 words)

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		Historically the population of Laysan Albatross has been very large, with many millions of birds present, however after suffering heavy losses through hunting, military development and accidental losses at sea through long-line fishing, the population is currently estimated at about 2.5 million.
		Laysan Albatross do not start breeding until they are eight or nine years old, with males starting a year earlier than females.
		All Laysan Albatross are protected on land in the Hawaiian Islands and off continental America, with most colonies situated on islands with restricted access and so these populations should be safe from most influences except unusual or severe weather.
	www.birdinghawaii.co.uk /XLaysanAlbatross2.htm (4029 words)

	CNN - Albatross flies far from home for food - May 13, 1998
		As is the case with other species of albatross, researchers found that the birds make short trips from Tern for food until their chicks are about a month old.
		Albatrosses have long been part of maritime lore because of their huge wingspans and ability to glide effortlessly over the surface of the ocean.
		But The Albatross Project is the most extensive tracking in the Northern Hemisphere, the first in the North Pacific, and the first to involve schools in the tracking through e-mail and the Internet.
	www.cnn.com /EARTH/9805/13/albatross.flight (816 words)

	LONGEVITY OF THE LAYSAN ALBATROSS, DIOMEDEA IMMUTABILIS
		In their entirety, and without any further theoretical extensions, the data on the Laysan showed a minimum percent survival of adults to various minimum ages as follows: 13% to 20 years, 24% to 25 years, 9% to 30 years, 2% to 35 years, 7% to 38 years, and 3% to 40 or more years.
		In summary, we may generalize that observed longevity in the Laysan Albatross is in the general order of 13% to 20 years, and, summing the data of Table 2 into a single sample of 742 albatrosses, we obtain the percentages indicated (Table 3) for birds 30 or more years of age.
		For a long period the only definite information on the length of life among albatrosses was the classical example of the Black- browed Albatross (D. melaophris), which lived among the gannets of the Faeroe Islands for some 34 years (Murphy, 1936' 511).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v046n01/p0001-p0006.html (3133 words)

	Midway Atoll - Laysan Albatross Goony Birds
		The island truly belongs to the Laysan Albatross from early October until August when the last juvenile leaves for the open sea.
		The landscaping first introduced by the cable company and maintained today by Phoenix Midway seems to suit the Laysan Albatross.This is a view of the military housing section of the island and as you can see it serves as a nursery for the immature birds (all brown) here shown huddled in the rain.
		Laysan Albatros and Black-footed Albatross chicks place their bills inside the parent's bill to catch regurgitated food.
	www.neseabirds.com /Midway/laysan.htm (1081 words)

	PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in Two Species of Albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean - ...
		The Laysan albatross diet consists primarily of ommastrephid squid (68% of the diet); the remainder of the diet consists of approximately 9% fish, 9% crustaceans, and 4% coelenterates [7].
		For Laysan albatross adults, total concentrations of PCBs and DDE were greatest in the spring of 1993, whereas the fall 1992 sample period had less total PCBs than the other periods (Table 2).
		In 1969, concentrations of PCBs and DDE in visceral fat of Laysan albatrosses were 22.3 mg/kg and 13.7 mg/kg, respectively; whereas visceral fat of fl-footed albatrosses contained a mean concentration of 15.3 (7.5-21.3) mg/kg and 15.3 (5.1-22.7) mg/kg of PCBs and DDE, respectively.
	www.mindfully.org /Heritage/Albatross-PCBs-DDE-DDT-Mar97.htm (4324 words)

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