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Topic: Le Triomphant class submarine

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	Naval Technology - SSBN Triomphant Class - Ballistic Missile Submarine
		Le Triomphant (S616) is the French Navy's ballistic missile nuclear-powered submarine (SSBN), intended to replace the L'Inflexible M4 class SSBNs.
		The launch capsule is propelled away from the submarine and clear of the surface of the sea by a solid propellant motor.
		Le Triomphant has a submerged speed in excess of 25kt and a surface speed of 20kt.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/triomphant/index.html (792 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Ships (Lar-Lh) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Laxen is a Danish Flyvefisken Class multi-role warship.
		The Le Temeraire is a French Navy Ballistic Missile Nuclear Powered Submarine of the Triomphant Class with a surface displacement of 12,640 tons and a submerged displacement of 14,120 tons.
		The Le Triomphant is the French Navy Ballistic Missile Nuclear Powered Submarine of the Triomphant Class with a surface displacement of 12,640 tons and a submerged displacement of 14,120 tons.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /R92.HTM (2697 words)

	NRDC: Nuclear Data - Table of French Nuclear Forces, 2002
		Le Triomphant (S616) was rolled out from its construction shed in Cherbourg on July 13, 1993 and became operational in September 1996.
		Of these four submarines, three are maintained in the operational cycle, although only one or two are normally "on station" in designated patrol areas at any given time, compared with three in the early 1990s.
		The submarine was operating in the Mediterranean Sea when it was recalled to have its nuclear core replaced.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nudb/datab16.asp (1871 words)

	EZGeography - SSBN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		SSBN is the United States Navy Hull classification symbol for a fleet ballistic nuclear missile submarine.
		The SS denotes a submarine, the B denotes ballistic missile capability, and the N denotes nuclear power.
		It differs from SSN, the fast attack submarine in that the primary mission of the SSBN is nuclear deterrence while the SSN is primarily a hunter/killer.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/SSBN (139 words)

	DB2000 Encyclopedia - Submarine Entries - France
		All Rubis class have been upgraded to the Améthyste standard, but the first one which will be replaced in 2010 by a new class of submarines called "Barracuda".
		Originally fitted with M-1 Ballistic missiles, this class saw all of further developments, with Le Foudroyant equipped with improved M-2 as it was commissioned, Le Tonnant with M-20(last of the first generation missiles) and L'Inflexible with M-4, all other subs but the decommisionned Redoutable being fitted with these missiles as of 1995.
		Improvements were mainly around discretion, thus the overall weight of the submarines climbed from 8,000 to 13,000 tons.
	www.harpoonhq.com /encyclopedia/HTML_Files/subs_files/france.htm (660 words)

	NTI: Submarine: France Capabilities
		The French submarine fleet consists of nuclear-propelled attack (SSNs) and ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs).
		The class will be gradually decommissioned by 2012, and replaced with the newly developed Barracuda-class attack submarines, which are to begin entering service in 2010.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /db/submarines/france/index.html (756 words)

	SSBN - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		SSBN is the United States Navy Hull classification symbol for a fleet ballisticnuclear missile submarine.
		It differs from SSN, the fast attack submarine in that the primary mission of the SSBN is nuclear deterrence whilethe SSN is primarily a hunter/killer.
		The French Navy strategicnuclear submarines are labeled "SNLE", for Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engin ("Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine");their crews are blue and red crew.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=SSBN (128 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Redoutable class submarine is a ballistic missile (SSBN) class, Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins (SNLE), of the Marine Nationale, the oceanic part (Force Océanique Stratégique, FOST) of the Force de frappe.
		The class was initially called the Redoutable class, the class was renamed to Inflexible class after the de-commissioning of Le Redoutable in December 1991.
		The remaining submarines were very heavily upgraded from 1985 to fire the 2nd generation MIRV capable M4 missile - Le Tonnant was recommissioned in 1987; L'Indomptable in 1989; Le Terrible in 1990; and Le Foudroyant in 1993.
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=Redoutable_class_submarine (196 words)

	Triomphant class submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Triomphant class of strategic missile submarines of the French Navy are currently being introduced into service to provide the sea based component of the French nuclear deterrent or Force de frappe, with the M45 SLBM.
		Triomphant : Construction began on 9 June 1989; she was launched on 26 March 1994, and entered active service on 21 March 1997.
		Comparison of different nuclear systems: left, the SNLE (Redoutable type) with the M4 missile; right, the SNLE-NG (Triomphant type) with the present M45 missile and the future M51 missile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Le_Triomphant_class_submarine (305 words)

	Submarine-launched ballistic missile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first successful tests of a submarine-based launch platform were by German U-boats in World War II using a submarine towed launch platform.
		In September of 1955, the Soviet Union was the first country in the world to launch a ballistic missile from a submarine.
		Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the USA and Russia since the Cold War, as they can hide from reconnaissance satellites and fire their nuclear weapons without much warning, even close to the opponent's coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile (260 words)

	Status and Development Prospects of NATO Navies
		By the end of the 1990's it is envisaged concluding work on the design project of a new-generation nuclear powered multipurpose submarine displacing 4,000 tonnes and equipped with a vertical launcher for antiship missiles; she will have greater speed and running depth, a lesser noise level and the newest sonar and navigation equipment.
		Submarine forces are represented by three classes of submarines: 2 Type 205 (S 190, 191), 6 Type 206 (S 170, 173, 192, 193, 198, 199) and 12 modernized Type 206A (S 171, 172, 174-179, 194-197).
		It is planned to build a second carrier of this class in the future and to decommission the cruiser C 550 Vittorio Veneto after the second aircraft carrier is commissioned.
	www.fas.org /news/russia/1996/druma133_s96018.htm (3370 words)

	Submarine-launched ballistic missile - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Submarine-launched ballistic missiles or SLBMs are ballistic missiles delivering nuclear weaponsthat are launched from submarines.
		In September of 1955,the Soviets were the first country in the world to launch a ballistic missile from asubmarine.
		Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the USA and Soviet Union since the Cold War, as they can hide from satellite surveillance and fire their nuclear weapons without much warning, even closeto the opponent's coast.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=SLBM (213 words)

	Barracuda Nuclear Powered Attack Submarines
		Driven by hybrid steam-electric powerplant, based on a derivative of the K15 plant, which already powers the SSBN and Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, it will be able to maintain a submerged speed of up to 25 knots.
		The submarines will carry In 20 tube-launched weapons comprised of a mix of various missiles and torpedoes.
		This class will be the first French submarine to use non-penetrating masts and periscopes, thereby giving the naval architects greater freedom in positioning the sail relative to the hull.
	www.defense-update.com /newscast/1206/news/221206_barracuda.htm (573 words)

	France Orders New-generation Missile Sub
		The second of class, Le Temeraire (S617), entered service last year, and the third, Le Vigilant (S618), is under construction.
		The submarine's surface to surface missile is the Exocet SM39.
		Triomphant class submarines have a submerged speed in excess of 25 knots and a surface speed of 20 knots.
	www.marinetalk.com /articles_HTML/xxx00015411IN.html (280 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine: World Navies in Review by A.D. Baker III
		The third submarine of the class, the Weller, was commissioned on 10 July; the fifth, the Sheean, was launched on 1 May, and the sixth and final submarine, the Rankin, is to be launched this May. The Sheean and the fourth submarine, the Dechaineux, are to be given an interim--but expensive--upgrade before entering active service.
		The submarine Michishio, second unit of the 3,600-ton Oyashio class, was commissioned on 10 March; the fourth, the Makishio, launched on 22 September; and the sixth was laid down on 2 April--out of a planned total of ten that will maintain the conventional submarine fleet at 16 very modern units.
		The submarines are to be delivered in 2004 through 2007, while the 3,590-ton frigates, nearly eight times the size of the largest surface combatants now in South African service, are to enter service in 2004-2005 after several years of training and workup.
	www.usni.org /Proceedings/Articles00/PRObaker.htm (6141 words)

	Denuclearization of the Oceans: Linking Our Common Heritage with Our Common Future, by David Krieger, March 1996
		Some of these nuclear powered submarines with their multiple-independently-targeted nuclear warheads were and remain capable of single-handedly attacking and destroying more than one hundred major cities.
		Four of these submarines are to be deactivated and the remaining four are to be converted to carry Trident-2 missiles.
		The first submarine of its class, Le Triomphant, recently began conducting trials in the sea and is scheduled to depart on its first patrol in March 1996.
	www.wagingpeace.org /articles/1996/03/00_krieger_denuclearization-oceans.htm (2995 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine: World Navies in Review, by A. D. Baker III
		Both classes would be capable of carrying two helicopters and up to seven weapon or sensor modules, and all six would be rapidly adaptable as minelayers.
		The second of the Le Triomphant class, Le Téméraire, was rolled out on 9 August, and her commissioning in 1999 will enable the French Navy to maintain a four-unit strategic submarine fleet into the 21st century.
		Aside from Kilo-class submarines, of which seven have been ordered for export since 1991—three to Iran, three to China (the third of which was awaiting delivery as deck cargo at the end of 1997), and one to India (with a second possibly to follow)—Russia has had scant success in foreign naval sales.
	www.usni.org /Proceedings/Articles98/PRObakereurope98.htm (4303 words)

	SSBN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The first boat of the class, Yuriy Dolgorukiy, was laid down in 1996, but...
		SSBN is the United States Navy Hull classification symbol for a fleet ballistic missile submarine.
		It differs from SSN, attack submarine, which primary mission of the SSBN is nuclear detterence while hunter/killer is the primary mission for the SSN.
	hallencyclopedia.com /SSBN (432 words)

	French nuclear forces, 2001 \| thebulletin.org
		The two Triomphant subs each carry 16 M45 submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with six of the new TN 75 warheads, which are assumed to have been tested at the Mururoa test site in 1995.
		The second, Le Téméraire, was commissioned six months behind schedule in December 1999 after successfully test launching an M45 missile that May. The schedule for the third, Le Vigilant, has slipped, and it will not be ready for launch until 2002 and for commissioning until July 2004.
		Of these four submarines, three are maintained in the operational cycle, although only one or two are normally "on station" in designated patrol areas, compared with three in the early 1990s.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=ja01norris (1407 words)

	Le Triomphant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Le Triomphant is a new class of nuclear-powered ballistic submarines (SSBN) designed to meet the requirements of France as the nuclear deterrence force cornerstone.
		Le Terrible, the last one of them, will be commissioned in 2010 two years later than early draft.
		Le Terrible will be the first submarine delivered equipped with M51 ballistic missiles instead of M45s.
	www.deagel.com /pandora?p=pm00166001 (259 words)

	French Navy Receives a New Ballistic Submarine
		Le Triomphant nuclear-powered ballistic submarine (SSBN) program launched in the 1990s covers construction of four boats to replace aging strategic submarines still deployed within the French Navy.
		The first boat of this class was commissioned in 1997 and the fourth ship, named Le Terrible, is expected to be commissioned by the French Navy in 2010.
		Le Vigilant crew is now undergoing training to enter operational cycle aboard the ship as soon as possible, while DCN is preparing to equip the boat with 16 M45 nuclear capable ballistic missiles, which are a critical element of the French nuclear deterrent force.
	www.deagel.com /news2?p=ns000138ot (315 words)

	CDI Nuclear Issues Area - Nuclear Weapons Database: French Nuclear Delivery Systems
		The Le Triomphant boats are the latest addition to the French missile submarine force, the FOST (Force Oceanique Strategique).
		The Le Triomphants will initially use the M-45 SLBM with TN-75 warhead, but are planned to use a new missile, the M-51, which is under development.
		The proposed M-51 SLBM is a very long-term project; backfitting of the Le Triomphant class to carry the proposed M-51 is scheduled to begin in 2010.
	www.cdi.org /issues/nukef&f/database/frnukes.html (2097 words)

	Le Triomphant class submarine - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		e Triomphant class of strategic missile submarines of the French Navy are currently being introduced into service to provide the sea based component of the French nuclear deterrent or Force de frappe, with the M45 SLBM.
		Triomphant : Construction began on 9 June 1989; she was launched on 26 March 1994, and entered active service on 21 March 1997.
		Téméraire : Construction began on 18 December 1993; she was launched on 21 January 1998, and entered active service on 23 December 1999.
	www.music.us /education/L/Le-Triomphant-class-submarine.htm (432 words)

	France's Nuclear Weapons - Development of the French Arsenal
		The submarine fleet will eventually be re-equipped with the M51 long range ballistic missile, and the ASMP nuclear missile carried by the Mirage 2000N (and the Rafale after the turn of the century) will be upgraded.
		Originally slated to be a fleet of six submarines, in May 1992 this was scaled back to four.
		The lead ship of the class, Le Triomphant (S616), was rolled out in Cherbourg on 13 July 1993 and went into service late in September 1996, carrying the new MSBS M45 SLBMs.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /France/FranceArsenalRecent.html (1043 words)

	CNS - Submarines: France: Capabilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The French submarine fleet consists of nuclear-propelled attack (SSNs) and ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs).
		The class will be gradually decommissioned by 2012, and replaced with the newly developed Barracuda-class attack submarines, which are to begin entering service in 2010.
		Since 1991, two of an initial six Le Redoutable units have been decommissioned, and the remaining two are to be taken out of service by 2008-2010.
	cns.miis.edu /research/submarines/france (714 words)

	Commissioning of the Nuclear-Powered Missile Submarine Le Vigilant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		With a length of 138 meters and a displacement of 14,300 metric tonnes, Le Vigilant carries 16 M45 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, which from 2010 will be gradually phased out and replaced by the M51 missiles.
		The submarine's performance, in terms of endurance and low acoustic signature, as well as its higher submerged speed, will protect Le Vigilant against current and future detection capabilities and ensure its operational invulnerability.
		The fourth and final boat of the Triomphant class, Le Terrible, is due to be commissioned in 2010.
	adjunct.diodon349.com /submarines/commissioning_of_the_nuclear_power_sub_Le_Vigilant_NSL_Update_120804.htm (236 words)

	7.2 Declared States
		All the Delta IV submarines serve in the 3rd flotilla of strategic submarines of the Northern fleet based at Yagelnaya, which is part of the Gadzhiyevo [Gadzhievo] Naval Base.
		The number of submarines on patrol at any given time was reduced to one, and the number of warheads deployed on a submarine was reduced to 48 (half of what had been planned, and identical to the force loading on its previous Polaris fleet).
		The Trident warheads are mated to the missiles on-board the submarine at the Royal naval Armament Depot at Coulport.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Nwfaq/Nfaq7-2.html (19298 words)

	Le Triomphant class submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		e Triomphant class of strategic missile submarines of the French Navy are currently being introduced into service to provide the sea based component of the French nuclear deterrent or Force de frappe, with the M45 SLBM.
		Triomphant : Construction began on 9 June 1989; she was launched on 26 March 1994, and entered active service on 21 March 1997.
		Téméraire : Construction began on 18 December 1993; she was launched on 21 January 1998, and entered active service on 23 December 1999.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Le-Triomphant-class-submarine.htm (294 words)

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