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	Lead glass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lead is not intended to affect the glass's ability to transmit light; depending on what the end use is to be, the goal is either to allow the glass to transmit visible light but to block x-rays, or to increase the refractive index of the glass, and thus its lustre, or sparkle.
		Lead glass's primary contemporary use is in the construction of televisions and monitors.
		The lead in the glass acts as a barrier to this unwanted radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lead_glass (343 words)

	Glass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lead glass, such as lead crystal or flint glass, is more 'brilliant' because the increased refractive index causes noticeably more "sparkles", while boron may be added to change the thermal and electrical properties, as in Pyrex.
		Glass threads were wound around a bag of sand tied to a rod and the glass was continnually reheated to fuse the threads together.
		Glass is generally treated as an amorphous solid rather than a liquid, though different views can be justified since characterizing glass as either 'solid' or 'liquid' is not an entirely straightforward matter [3].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glass (3762 words)

	Flint glass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A concave lens of flint glass is commonly combined with a convex lens of crown glass to produce an achromatic doublet lens because of their compensating optical properties.
		With respect to glass, the term "flint" derives from the flint nodules found in the chalk deposits of southeast England that were used as a source of high purity silica by George Ravenscroft, circa 1662, to produce a potash lead glass that was the predecessor to English lead crystal.
		In many modern flint glasses, the lead can be replaced with other additives such as titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide without significantly altering the optical properties of the glass.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flint_glass (241 words)

	Working with lead came. Continuation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This lead is used for its delicate statement and where small pieces of glass are to be leaded, though if used only for this in a window where the majority of glass pieces overpower it, it can stand out as a poor design element.
		Glass cutting need not be as specifically precise as with 1/8" came, though it is a good habit always to cut the glass as precisely as possible.
		A secondary use for this lead is as a "belt" on a panel lamp to overlay the juncture of the lamp body and the lamp skirt made separately.
	www.glass.nalinaart.com /lead2.html (2716 words)

	[No title]
		Glass is called amorphous because it is neither a solid nor a liquid but exists in a vitreous, or glassy, state in which molecular units have disordered arrangement but sufficient cohesion to produce mechanical rigidity.
		Glass is a poor conductor of both heat and electricity and therefore useful for electrical and thermal insulation.
		Lead glass is heavy and has an enhanced capacity to refract light, which makes it suitable for lenses and prisms, as well as for imitation jewels.
	www.viokef.com /docs/cafe.htm (6148 words)

	C&EN: WHAT'S THAT STUFF? GLASS
		The glass in fiber-optic cables is made of pure silica because its high transparency speeds the transmission of photonic signals.
		Early glass was often colored to simulate gemstones by adding transition-metal oxides to the quartz and ash.
		Borosilicate glass is most often used in bakeware (commonly marketed as Pyrex) and laboratory equipment because it expands less during heating, making it less likely to shatter when exposed to rapid temperature changes.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/whatstuff/stuff/8147glass.html (922 words)

	Glass Conservation
		In all glass, the sodium and potassium oxides are hygroscopic; therefore, the surface of the glass absorbs moisture from the air.
		Glass excavated from an alkaline environment is less likely to have laminated layers because there is an abundance of hydroxyl ions to react with the silica network.
		Glass that is susceptible to weeping because of unstable glass formulations can be treated in different ways; the technique described by Plenderleith and Werner (1971:345) is representative of the treatments often recommended.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /class/anth605/File5.htm (1758 words)

	Mayling Garcia - Glass Armonica Performer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the early history of the instrument, lead glass stemware was sometimes used instead of crystal, and leaded paint was applied to some of the bowls to differentiate those notes.
		Rumors of lead poisoning were associated with the glass armonica, also sometimes called a glass harmonica, for years before the Beethoven study was released last October, says William Zeitler of Seattle.
		The glass bowls of the armonica were made of lead crystal, and the toxin, Garcia says, seeped through finger pores and poisoned the players.
	w3.tvi.edu /~mrgraff/mayling (2019 words)

	lead glass table top shield
		The Jumbo (not shown) LB-214J is the same material with a foot print of 17" wide x 17" deep; front vertical is 16.5" and overall height is 26".
		The LB-115 standard 0.5" (bottom and front) leaded stainless steel shield has a foot print of 12.25" inside x 12" deep, front vertical is 12" and overall height is 19".
		Lead glass is 10" x 12" x 1/2" thick for nuclear medicine or research lab applications.
	www.atnuke.com /nuclear/shielding/L-block.htm (135 words)

	lead glass cabinet door (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This probably lead to the invention of the chibi-blaster in...
		The continually developing Internet means lead glass cabinet door learn more and more about making good offerings on the Internet A great advantage that Internet commerce offers to have over street front stores lead glass cabinet door establishments is the lower costs because of operating online.
		The continued explosion of Internet marketing means that aries spears lead glass cabinet door learn more in offering their products and services for sale The biggest advantage that Internet aries have over old fashioned lead glass cabinet door organizations is the capacity to transform in response to transformations in the marketplace.
	www.cabinet.all-webs.info /lead-glass-cabinet-door.htm (365 words)

	Lead Glass vs. Lead Acrylic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Example 2.0 mm Lead Glass would be 5/16” thick and Lead-Acrylic would be approximately 1-1/2” thick for the same protection.
		Lead Glass suffers little or no discoloration due to radiation.
		Lead glass must be shipped on its edge and never laid flat.
	www.marshield.com /pages/leadxayglasscomp.html (461 words)

	LX-57B X-Ray Shielding Lead Glass
		For the same lead equivalent, acrylic has to be approximately five times thicker than LX lead glass -- significantly reducing observation capabilities.
		For the same size requirement and lead equivalent, acrylic has nearly twice the weight of glass (1.8 times).
		Lead equivalency (either in millimeters, inches or lbs.).
	www.fireglass.com /glass/x-ray.asp (284 words)

	Lead-glass windows
		As such they may interact with different electrons within the atoms of material than do visible light photons; when x rays are attenuated by lead, the attenuation is a result of the x rays transferring their energy to tightly bound inner-shell electrons of the lead atoms.
		The lead has a high atomic number, 82, much higher than the normal constituents in glass; it also has a high atomic mass that increases somewhat the density of the glass.
		The lead glass used in windows often has amounts of lead added that make the window equivalent in attenuation to 1 to 2 mm of pure lead.
	hps.org /publicinformation/ate/q4073.html (481 words)

	Lead Glass Radiation Protection
		Windows for viewing the radiography area are available in lead glass or lead acrylic up to 48" x 96" in size.
		Lead acrylic can be cut with a saw and easily machined and polished.
		Additional information and resources including glass characteristics, specifications, availability, recommended sizes, lead equivalencies, and cleaning and maintenance of lead glass are available in the "Lead Glass for Radiation Shielding" information sheet.
	www.afabxray.com /lead_glass.htm (273 words)

	Any safety concerns when working glass containing lead? - The Art Glass Forums
		My company works lead glass in a cold work process - the lead is locked in the matrix of glass, however, if there is any acid in any process, the acid will leach the lead out of the glass.
		I suppose glass was in the blood with me, and eventually I was drawn to it as an art form.
		Knowing that the lead was locked into the matrix of the glass did not ease her concerns, but understanding that Satake has a low lead content did.
	www.artglassforum.com /forums/showthread.php?t=349 (874 words)

	Pb = Lead - a Toxic Element (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the time lead was eliminated from gasoline, close to 80% of all children had levels of lead that would exceed today’s federal safety limit of 10 micrograms per deciliter of blood.
		Lead exposure in young children results primarily from ingestion or inhalation of soil particles, drinking water, paint, and dust particles in and around the home and play areas.
		The lower the pH of the water and the lower the concentration of dissolved salts in the water, the greater is the solubility of lead in the water.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/pb.htm (4703 words)

	Lead / Glass Shielding & Windows
		Premier Technology is a leading provider of lead and glass shielding and windows to the nuclear, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.
		Lead chevron interlocking bricks (tongue and grove lead bricks)
		Our interlocking lead bricks can be delivered independently, or as part of a turn-key shielding solution such as shielded doors, gloveboxes, and hot cells.
	www.ptechnology.net /premier/Shielding.cfm (189 words)

	Lead Glass Plate from Cone Instruments Medical Imaging Company
		This glass provides the protection equivalent of 2.00 mm thick lead plate and offers the ultimate in "see through" shielding.
		The lead glass has a density of 4.36 and is 5/16" thick.
		Used in single or multiple sheets, the glass plate acts as an inexpensive shielding in radioisotope laboratories and nuclear facilities.
	www.coneinstruments.com /CIcatsub1.asp?cat_id=928 (92 words)

	ArtLex on Stained Glass
		As the solid Romanesque wall was eliminated, the use of glass could be and was expanded.
		Historians of this period have long argued about whether La Farge or Tiffany invented the copper-foil alternative to lead came, but Tiffany is universally credited with developing an opalescent colored glass and with making extensive use of copper-foil in windows, lamps, and other decorations.
		Stained Glass of the Standard Bearer of the Landsknecht, 1551, colored and painted glass, lead, 49.5 x 38.5 cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/s/stainedglass.html (827 words)

	A&L Shielding Inc. - PRODUCTS / Lead Glass
		Lead glass shields from radiation while providing vision into the treatment area.
		Care must be taken with lead glass to avoid scratching and breakage during installation and normal cleaning.
		For safety concerns, laminated lead safety glass is available for shielding up to 1/16" lead equivalence requirements.
	www.alshielding.com /products/leadglass.html (100 words)

	Lead Crystal Glass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The very earliest form of glass was used by the Egyptians to to glaze pottery and make decorative glass beads as long ago as 2000 B.C. It was not until the first century B.C. that the technique of blowing glass using a long hollow rod was introduced.
		In 1676, it was discovered by British glassmakers that the addition of lead oxide to their raw materials gave the resulting glass a much greater brilliance and sparkle.
		This glass became known as lead crystal and very quickly became the perfect medium for glass cutters and engravers.
	www.thecelticshop.co.uk /lead-crystal-glassware.htm (235 words)

	Lead Glass Calorimeter
		Both the HMS and SOS had lead glass calorimeters used to identify electrons and reject pions.
		However, the neutral pion will not have the full momentum of the initial charged pion, and unless the charge-exchange reaction and pion decay occur in the front of the calorimeter, some of the particles in the shower will leak out the back of the calorimeter, and their energy will not be measured.
		Each calorimeter is a stack of 10 cm x 10 cm x 70 cm blocks of TF1 lead glass, with a PMT on one end.
	www.krl.caltech.edu /~johna/thesis/node35.html (937 words)

	Lead Glass Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This old Art Nouveau perfume bottle is heavy, thick lead glass and both the body and the finial are scalloped and shell...
		This colourful led glass brick is ideal for parties or festive fun as the lights within the rippled glass brick flash in the very patriotic hues of red white and blue which can be adjusted using the eight function controller so that you can chose a light setup that suits you.
		Stained glass window patchwork Stained glass window patchwork is a type of patchwork which simulates the effect of stained glass in church windows.
	www.glass-zone.info /lead-glass (1369 words)

	Colored crystal glass, lead crystal gift and stemware, cased crystal wholesale
		A study about the lead crystal art glasses of Ajka Crystal between 1878-2005.
		Breathtaking pate de verre crystal glass figuriners saluting French crystal glass manufacturer - Daum’s extraordinary artistic skills.
		We are proud to present the widest productline of highest quality handmade cased lead crystal glasses.
	www.crystalacarte.com (842 words)

	William Zeitler - About The Armonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Lead compounds were prescribed by physicians for a wide range of ailments
		FURTHERMORE: There's volumes of evidence that you get lead poisoning by inhaling it and ingesting it, but in spite of serious searching on my part, I haven't found any evidence that it's possible to get lead poisoning by touching lead glass (after all, glass is very inert chemically).
		True, they also used lead paint to paint the cups — on the inside of the cups (so as not to interfere with the magic wet-finger-on-glass phenomenon).
	www.glassarmonica.com /armonica/europe/lvblead.html (265 words)

	Crafts : Stained Glass : Easy Lead-Free No-Solder Stained Glass Box : Home & Garden Television
		In fact, Dani is Tina's biggest fan, and to prove it, she submitted an application for her mom to appear on Crafters Coast to Coast unbeknownst to Tina.
		Using the glass file, file a smooth edge on each marble (making a flat side that will make attaching easier).
		Wipe all glass pieces and marbles with alcohol to ensure glass is dust- and oil-free.
	www.hgtv.com /hgtv/cr_wood_glass_stained/article/0,1789,HGTV_3350_3819164,00.html (260 words)

	Lead Glass Fracture Filling in Ruby
		In March of 2004 the GAAJ issued a Lab Alert which described rubies that were being treated by a lead glass fracture filling technique.
		The majority of lead glass fracture filled rubies examined at the AGTA-GTC have been extensively treated (figure 2).
		Figure 2: The majority of the lead glass fracture filled rubies seen at the AGTA-GTC have been extensively treated; this is clearly revealed in this microradiograph — the lighter gray lines indicate the lead glass inside fractures.
	www.palagems.com /agta_glass_infilling.htm (401 words)

	Lead Glass Windows
		As many of us know, their were a lot of exotic types of glass manufactured in the past.
		The lead window you are working with is obviously comprised of a matrix of other exotic materials, which have the ability to produce an array of off the wall peaks, via secondary ionization.
		Rad Gal: Yeah, it is possible that the lead in the glass caused this through the Compton effect or some other radiation physics effect, but peak searches on all sides of the unidetified peak still does not make sense out of it.
	www.nukeworker.com /forum/index.php/topic,5557.msg32961.html (2299 words)

	Lead Glass Windows \| Johnson's Antiques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We have many lead glass windows in stock.
		Most of these are made by an older lady one at a time.
		glass is 18x18 and total size with frame is 22x22 inches
	www.johnsonsantiques.com /giftware-lead_glass.html (89 words)

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