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	Lead sulfide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lead sulfide (British/Commonwealth English sulphide) is a chemical compound PbS, most often purified from the mineral galena.
		PbS, PbSe and PbTe lead salts are semiconductors of the IV-VI family.
		Lead sulfide and several other lead salts are used as detection element material in various infra-red sensors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lead_sulfide (519 words)

	lead, chemical element. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Although lead is seldom found uncombined in nature, its compounds are widely distributed throughout the world, principally in the ores galena, cerussite, and anglesite.
		Lead is used for covering cables and as a lining for laboratory sinks, tanks, and the “chambers” in the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
		Although lead and most of its compounds are only slightly soluble in water, the use of lead pipe to carry drinking water is dangerous, since lead is a cumulative poison that is not excreted from the body (see lead poisoning).
	www.bartleby.com /65/le/lead.html (661 words)

	Science Panel Report on the Bioavailability of Lead in Red Dog Ore
		Lead acetate, lead oxide and lead sulfide were used as a relative comparison in determining the bioavailability of lead in the ore concentrate.
		Lead acetate is known to be the most bioavailable form, and lead sulfide is the least bioavailable form.
		A variety of assays (e.g., blood, bone, kidney, liver, and brain lead concentrations, and the levels of enzymes and intermediates involved with heme synthesis) were performed in each study to determine the bioavailability of lead in the rat model.
	www.dec.state.ak.us /spar/csp/docs/reddog/scipanreport_bioav_of_pb.htm (1526 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - LEAD
		Lead: Used in lead batteries, gasoline tanks, and solders, seals or bearings, used in electrical and electronic applications, TV tubes, TV glass, construction, communications, and protective coatings, in ballast or weights, ceramics or crystal glass, tubes or containers, type metal, foil or wire, X-ray and gamma radiation shielding, soundproofing material in construction industry, and ammunition.
		Lead is also imported into the United States from a number of countries, both as ore concentrates and as metallic lead.
		Lead is used in electronics and communications (emergency power batteries, for example), ammunition, television glass, construction, and protective coatings.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photolead.html (625 words)

	lead
		One study of the distribution of lead between filtrate and solids in stream water from urban and rural areas reported the ratio of lead in suspended solids to that in filtrate varied from 4% in rural areas to 27% in urban areas.
		Lead is adsorbed by polar particulate matter as is evidenced by its dominance in sediment of specific gravity 2.0-2.9, where the clay fraction is found.
		Lead was found in 52% and 58% of the 98 and 110 composites sampled in the infant and toddler total diet study respectively, with lead concentrations ranging from 0.003-0.51 ppm.
	www.speclab.com /elements/lead.htm (7015 words)

	'Heavy metal' snow on blazing Venus is lead sulfide
		Lead sulfide -- also known by its mineral name, galena -- is a naturally occurring mineral found in Missouri, other parts of the world, and now.
		Lead sulfide and bismuth sulfide were identified as front-runners thanks to a specific physical property called a dielectric constant -- an intrinsic value describing a material's electrical conductivity -- that Magellan's SAR measured back in 1991.
		If Schaefer and Fegley are right, having "snow" made of lead sulfide could have implications beyond confirming their own work; it could be used as a means of dating the beginning of Venus' existence.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-02/wuis-ms020704.php (1054 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - LEAD
		I learned that lead is a major component of automobile batteries, that it was widely used in paint, and that it is used in soldering.
		Lead solder is a reliable method of connecting transistors and other electronic components, and without leaded glass, we could not safely sit in front of our computer screens.
		Lead is the best material for nuclear radiation shielding and allows for the safe operation of CAT scans and other imaging diagnostics.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/lead.html (905 words)

	Lead, Tin and Lead Alloys
		Lead alloys, such as old pewter, which is an alloy of tin and lead, oxidize to the same compounds as the two parent metals.
		However, since lead is susceptible to solvent action by the electrolyte, when it is not cathodically protected, the current must be flowing before putting the specimen in the electrolytic tank and must not be cut off while the specimen is immersed in the tank.
		Since lead, tin, and pewter are susceptible to attack by strong alkalies, a sodium carbonate electrolyte is safer for use in electrolysis than a sodium hydroxide electrolyte.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /class/anth605/File14.htm (2207 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Extracting metals from sulfide ores
		The underlying sulfide zone, which comprised the bulk of the resource, was less amenable to treatment in the smelters of that era, and a method was required to recover the metal values if the potentiality of the primary ore was to be realized.
		The interaction of the organic collector with the sulfide mineral surface occurs by a corrosion-type mechanism in which an anodic oxidation reaction attaches the organic collector to the mineral surface and the electrons transferred to the mineral by this reaction are returned to the solution phase by the reduction of oxygen.
		Cobalt sulfides appear in the nickel concentrate and the cobalt is subsequently recovered.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-m02-metals.htm (5699 words)

	Lead, CDFS-193-97
		For example, lead is found in automotive and storage batteries and is used in the manufacture of paint, enamel, ink, glass, rubber, ceramics, and chemicals.
		In the human body, lead inactivates the sulfhydryl (SH) groups of enzymes necessary for the synthesis of heme, which is the oxygen-carrying pigment in the blood.
		Lead is still used safely for various glazes in earthenware not intended for food storage or serving.
	ohioline.osu.edu /cd-fact/0193.html (1523 words)

	Whitening Effects of Peroxide Gels on Darkened Lead White Paint
		the lead sulfide imparted high contrast to the image, and was the visual element by which much of the composition was unintentionally articulated (fig.
		The effect of cellulose ethers in hydrogen peroxide formulations for the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate would appear to be analogous to that of the bleaching formulations commonly used by dentists.
		Empirical results of using gels to control some of the factors that affect the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate suggest that the efficiency of peroxide is boosted in the presence of such gels.
	aic.stanford.edu /sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-08.html (4605 words)

	Lead Sulfide: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lead sulfide is a chemical compound chemical compound quick summary:
		Lead is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol pb (l.
		In chemistry, a sulfide (sulphide in british and canadian english) is a chemical compound or combination of sulfur with an oxidation number...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/le/lead_sulfide.htm (743 words)

	[No title]
		One route of lead absorption is by ingestion.
		Excess lead absorption has been found in children exposed to soils contaminated with lead from smelters or exposed to house dust contaminated with lead-containing paint.
		Exposures to soils contaminated with lead ore waste results in a variable degree of risk of absorption: weathering of ores can produce highly bioavailable lead moieties as well as less soluble forms.1,2,3 Risk of lead absorption after ingestion can be addressed through bioavailability studies using test animals.
	duketox.mc.duke.edu /ORE.doc (319 words)

	Pb = Lead - a Toxic Element
		At the time lead was eliminated from gasoline, close to 80% of all children had levels of lead that would exceed today’s federal safety limit of 10 micrograms per deciliter of blood.
		Lead exposure in young children results primarily from ingestion or inhalation of soil particles, drinking water, paint, and dust particles in and around the home and play areas.
		The lower the pH of the water and the lower the concentration of dissolved salts in the water, the greater is the solubility of lead in the water.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/pb.htm (4703 words)

	'Heavy metal' snow on Venus is lead sulfide
		Feb. 10, 2004 -- Lead sulfide — also known by its mineral name, galena — is a naturally occurring mineral found in Missouri, other parts of the world, and now.
		The researchers have determined that the feature on Venus that looks like snow is composed of both lead and bismuth sulfides, settling a long-time controversy in the planetary community.
		Lead sulfide and bismuth sulfide were identified as front-runners thanks to a specific physical property called a dielectric constant — an intrinsic value describing a material's electrical conductivity — that Magellan's SAR measured back in 1991.
	news-info.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/633.html (1160 words)

	Chapter 2 - Chem 3070 - Atoms
		Lead sulfide (Fig 2.6) always has 86.6% lead and 13,4% sulfur.
		The lead sulfide has a definite proportion of lead and sulfur excess sulfur is not incorporated
		Use the data in Fig 2.6 and the relative masses on the inside front cover to determine the atom ratio of lead (Pb) to sulfur (S) in lead sulfide.
	science.csustan.edu /almy/3070/ch02.htm (1879 words)

	Jiskha Homework Help - Features: Forum: Chemistry Lab - please check over?
		The class percentages of the mass of lead that were obtained ranged from 85.3% to as high as 90.9%, the average being 87.7%.
		Since the chemical formula for sulfide of lead is PbS, meaning one lead atom per sulphur atom, the percentage of lead in PbS based on the atomic mass is 86.6%.
		Specifically, the mass of the crucible and lid must be measured with care, along with the mass of the crucible containing the lead and the sulfide of lead.
	www.jiskha.com /features/forum/display.cgi?id=1132889668 (829 words)

	Wisconsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The state mineral is Galena, otherwise known as lead sulfide, which reflects Wisconsin's early mining history.
		During the boom, it appeared that southwest Wisconsin might become the population center of the state, and Belmont was briefly the state capital.
		Wisconsin is also a leading producer of oats, potatoes, carrots, tart cherries, maple syrup, and sweet corn for processing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wisconsin (3028 words)

	Record: Research: 'Heavy metal snow' on Venus is lead, bismuth sulfides
		Lead sulfide — also known by its mineral name, galena —; is a naturally occurring mineral found in Missouri, other parts of the world, and now … other parts of the solar system.
		That's because recent thermodynamic calculations by University researchers provide plausible evidence that "heavy metal snow," which blankets the surface of upper altitude Venusian rocks, is composed of both lead and bismuth sulfides.
		Lead sulfide and bismuth sulfide were identified as front-runners thanks to a specific physical property called a dielectric constant — an intrinsic value describing a material's electrical conductivity — that Magellan's SAR measured in 1991.
	record.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/3026.html (1129 words)

	"USGS-Publications FS092-95 -- Natural Environmental Effects of Silver-lead-zinc Deposits in the Brooks Range, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Brooks Range zinc-lead-silver deposits consist of layers rich in sulfide minerals that are dispersed in fl shale and chert.
		The dominant minerals are sphalerite (zinc sulfide), silver-rich galena (lead sulfide), pyrite (iron sulfide), and marcasite (iron sulfide).
		Unmined mineral deposits in the area have the potential to generate acidic, metal-bearing waters when pyrite and other metal (silver, lead, and zinc) sulfides are exposed to air and water.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs-0092-95 (896 words)

	GALENA (Lead Sulfide) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The large volume of Galena that is processed for lead produces enough Silver as a by product to make Galena the leading ore of Silver.
		Color is lead to silver gray sometimes with a bluish tint.
		Associated Minerals are calcite, dolomite, sphalerite, pyrite and other sulfide minerals, also lead oxidation minerals such as cerussite and anglesite.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/galena/galena.htm (325 words)

	Cal Sensors PbS/Lead Sulfide Detectors
		CSI is the leading manufacturer of Infrared Detectors, Infrared Emitters, and Infrared Arrays!
		PbS and PbSe, Lead Selenide and Lead Sulfide detectors are our specialty.
		Cal Sensors, Inc. is celebrating 20 years of world-wide service with industry standard, custom designed photoconductive NIR detectors and broadband emitters.
	www.calsensors.com /PbS.htm (167 words)

	ScienceDaily: 'Heavy Metal' Snow On Blazing Venus Is Lead Sulfide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Study Of Sulfides In Bacteria Casts Doubt On Evidence Of Life In Martian Meteorite ALH84001
		Study Of Sulfides In Bacteria Casts Doubt On Evidence Of Life In Martian Meteorite ALH84001 (May 12, 1998) -- The Martian meteorite ALH84001 gave people hope that it was evidence for extraterrestrial life because minerals found in it resembled minerals created by some unusual earthly bacteria.
		Study Suggests Venus Could Have Been Wet Planet (January 26, 2001) -- Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis, studying hydrous mineral decomposition rates at extreme temperatures, have concluded that hot and dry Venus may have been a wet planet in the past,...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/02/040210074951.htm (2256 words)

	GRATONITE (Lead Arsenic Sulfide)
		Uses: Mineral specimens and as a very minor ore of lead.
		Clusters can be attractive and good specimens command large prices, mostly because of the rarity of the mineral.
		Gratonite is a sulfosalt, a segment of sulfides where the arsenic acts more like a metal than a non-metal and occupies a position where it is bonded to sulfurs.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/gratonit/gratonit.htm (129 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		galena: native lead sulfide, PbS, or lead or silver ore, or the slag remaining after refining lead.
		(See sulphuret.) Hepar sulphuris (liver of sulphur) was a synonym either for potassa sulphurata (a mixture of various compounds of potassium and sulfur made by fusing potassium carbonate and sulfur) [Cavendish, Priestley, Stahl] or, in homeopathic contexts, for calcium sulfide, CaS.
		One Kelvin (denoted simply K or sometimes in older sources °K) is the same size as a Celsius degree, so the normal freezing point of water is 273.15 K and the normal boiling point is 373.15 K. (See Celsius scale, Fahrenheit scale, Rankine scale, Réaumur scale.) [Kelvin]
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/archemg.html (560 words)

	Lead Sulfide Detectors
		Lead Selenide/Lead Sulfide Short Form Catalog in PDF Format
		The J13 Series detectors are Lead Sulfide (PbS) photoconductive (PC) detectors designed for operation in the 1-3.5µm wavelength region.
		J13P Series Room Temperature PbS Plate Cells: These basic detecting elements consist of a sensitized PbS film, electrodes and two electrical leads encapsulated on a quartz substrate.
	judsontechnologies.com /lead_sulf.htm (369 words)

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