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	making leaf mould
		Leaf mold also improves the soil's ability to absorb moisture and keep it available longer for plant roots.
		Leaf mold gradually breaks down in the heat of summer, so renew the mulch layer whenever it becomes thin.
		Spread a thick layer of leaf mold to block the sun from seeds that remain in the soil.
	www.acmegardening.com /leaf_mould.htm (553 words)

	Charles Darwin - The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms Page 49 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Mould differs in appearance from the subsoil only in its dark colour, and in the absence of fragments or particles of stone (when such are present in the subsoil), larger than those which can pass through the alimentary canal of a worm.
		In one sample of fertile mould the amount of organic matter was ascertained to be only 1.76 per cent.; in some artificially prepared soil it was as much as 5.5 per cent., and in the famous fl soil of Russia from 5 to even 12 per cent.
		It is known that various kinds of acids are generated by the decay of vegetable matter; and from the contents of the intestines of worms and from their castings being acid, it seems probable that the process of digestion induces an analogous chemical change in the swallowed, triturated, and half-decayed leaves.
	charles-darwin.classic-literature.co.uk /formation-of-vegetable-mould/ebook-page-49.asp (761 words)

	Source
		Moulds are part of the economy of nature, quickly occupying dead or nearly dead materials and returning them to the basic building components of new organisms.
		Moulds have specialized nutritional requirements and usually do not range very far from their usual habitats: fungi that naturally decay seaweed on the beach will not be expected to occur on mouldy bread in the kitchen.
		In many instances, moulds living together in particular habitats have similar methods of spore dispersal, even when the moulds themselves are not closely related, illustrating the idea that many structures in organisms are similar because of common ecological pressures rather than common ancestry.
	www.botany.utoronto.ca /ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds/Source.html (4901 words)

	Glossary: L - Leaf. Plant organ that photosynthesises/respires/transpires.
		Leaf A plant organ, variable in shape and colour but often flattened and green, borne on the stem, that performs of the functions of photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.
		Leaf mould Fibrous, flaky material derived from decomposed leaves, used as an ingredient in potting media and as a soil improver.
		Leaflet One of the subdivisions of a compound leaf.
	homepage.mac.com /gardensbyivydene/Glossary/glossaryl-leaf.p.html (456 words)

	Leaf mould - Composting factsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Leaf mould is made from decayed autumn leaf-fall, through the slow action of fungi.
		Leaf mould therefore takes longer to make; for this reason large quantities of Autumn leaves should not be added to your compost bin.
		To make leaf mould collect the leaves after it has been raining, so they are wet, and simply heap them into a wire cage.
	www.compost-it.org.uk /Factsheets/Leafmould.htm (375 words)

	Leaf Mould - an organic plant food compost - Gardenseeker.com
		Leaf Mould - an organic plant food compost - Gardenseeker.com
		Leaf mould is literally composted leaves, resulting in a rich brown/fl organic compost.
		Most plants in the wild natural state, in fact live off leaf mould - in one form or another!
	www.gardenseeker.com /leaf_mould_as_an_organic_compost.htm (102 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Gardening For The Million, by Alfred Pink
		Keep the mould moist, and when the plants are large enough to handle, pot them off singly in thumb pots, using rich, light, sandy soil.
		It thrives in any fairly good mould, but to grow it to perfection it should be accommodated with three parts loam, one part leaf-mould, and one part sand.
		In Germany the midrib of the leaf is boiled and eaten with gravy or melted butter.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/11892/11892-h/11892-h.htm (20315 words)

	Composters from Bins-n-benches
		Our Leaf Mould composter is made from strong 12 gauge galvanized welded mesh that will last for many years.
		Leaf mould dug into soil improves the condition of the soil improving friability and water retention properties.
		Leaf mould can be used as a top mulch on wet soil when it will prevent the surface of the soil from drying out.
	www.bins-n-benches.freeserve.co.uk /compost.htm (749 words)

	RCO Fact Sheets/ Composting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Leaf mould is made up of leaves which have decomposed to the point where the leaves are no longer distinguishable, and just the skeletal system of the leaf is left.
		Leaf mould can be used to feed perennial plants that are difficult to cultivate such as grapes, berries and fruit trees.
		Leaf mould can also be mixed into the soil before seed planting.
	www.rco.on.ca /factsheet/fs_ee10.html (760 words)

	Sault Ste. Marie Editorials and Columns on SooToday.com
		Leaf mould is amazing stuff even though it takes a long time to create.
		Sifted leaf mould can also be applied to lawns in early spring but don't go overboard.
		I once read that "leaf mould can retain 300-500% of its weight" in water which is pretty significant if you have sandy soil that drains too freely or are faced with drought conditions.
	www.sootoday.com /content/columns/details.asp?c=875 (1054 words)

	BGCI - Botanic Gardens - Fern Research in Northern Thailand
		The most suitable growing media of ferns in the highlands was composed of forest topsoil and well-decayed leaf mould in the proportions 1:3.
		A 1:1 ratio of rice husk and wood shavings was promising as a growing medium for export, while forest topsoil, coarse sand, leaf mould and cow manure at a 1:1:1:3:1 ratio was suitable for domestic use.
		Several trials are being made to evaluate the use of soiless media in potted fern culture for export and domestic use in the lowland.
	www.bgci.org.uk /botanic_gardens/Fern_Research_Northern_Thailand.html (455 words)

	What is Leaf Mould? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Unlike compost, leaf mould is only partially decomposed, leaving bits and pieces of the leaves visible in the finished product.
		Leaf mould also improves the soil's ability to absorb moisture and keep it available longer for plant roots.
		Leaf mould gradually breaks down in the warmth of summer, so renew the mulch layer whenever it becomes thin.
	www.sustainable-epsom.fsnet.co.uk /waste/whatisleafmould.htm (288 words)

	Moulding Name Info - Moulding 2
		Mole an animal, Mull, v.] [The prevalent spelling is, perhaps, mould; but as the u has not been inserted in the other words of this class, as bold, gold, old, cold, etc., it seems desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it from this word, thus spelling it as Spenser, South, and many others did.
		Moulds are made of a wide variety of materials, depending on the application; sand is frequently used for metal casting, hardened steel for moulds for plastic materials, and plaster for various purposes.
		(Architecture) A group of mouldings; as, the arch mould of a porch or doorway; the pier mould of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts; decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing.
	mouldingname.info /home/mould2.html (832 words)

	The Formation of Vegetable Mould--Chapter 2
		They generally seized the thin edge of a leaf with their mouths, between the projecting upper and lower lip; the thick and strong pharynx being at the same time, as Perrier remarks, pushed forward within their bodies, so as to afford a point of resistance for the upper lip.
		In another case a leaf stood nearly upright with the points of the needles partly inserted into a burrow, but how placed there was not seen; and then the worm reared itself up and seized the base, which was dragged into the mouth of the burrow by bowing the whole leaf.
		In the case of pine-leaves worms plainly show that they at least do not seize the leaf by chance; but their choice does not appear to be determined by the divergence of the two needles, and the consequent advantage or necessity of drawing them into their burrows by the base.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010115darwin/fvm2.html (11807 words)

	Horticultural Crops
		Stopping induces lateral growths to develop from the leaf axils, and the number of main stems one would like to keep can now be decided upon.
		At the end of each stem, there develops the first crown bud which is allowed to develop and the lateral growths, arising from the leaf axils are disbudded or removed.
		If the leaf is dark green and brittle and breaks into two clean halves, further feeding of plants should be stopped.
	www.krishiworld.com /html/horti_crops7a.html (2044 words)

	[No title]
		In the same heap of mould is a swarming colony of Scarabaeidae in the form of larvae, nymphs and adult insects.
		Her movements are laboured and uncertain, owing to the mould, which is continually giving way all round her; she cannot keep her eyes on the terrible mandibles, which are capable of cutting her body in two with a single bite.
		Dig into the vegetable mould formed by the decayed wood in the hollow trunks of old willow-trees, search at the foot of rotten stumps or in heaps of compost; and, if you come upon a plumpish grub moving along on its back, there is no room for doubt: your discovery is a Cetonia- larva.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext02/mhtgw10.txt (22130 words)

	Scottish Rock Garden Club - >Bulb Log
		We rub the leaf mould through a 1cm grid before we use it.
		Our potting compost mix is, by volume, two parts of loam, two parts of 6mm grit and one part of leaf mould, to this (70 litres) we add a mug full of bone meal.
		The leaf mould helps add substance to our light sandy soil, it provides nutrients and minerals that were in the leaves as they fell from the tree plus the micro organisms present help release these trace elements and make them available to be taken up by the roots of the bulbs.
	www.srgc.org.uk /bulblog/log2005/050105/log.html (1301 words)

	Leaf Foundation Press
		The wooden rim is a 16 mm quadrant moulding made from ramin.
		E, Leave the mould until the wax has cooled to a firm, but cheesy solid - (perhaps one to two minutes is suggested in the Steele and Brodie leaflet, but I find 30 seconds is enough.) There should be enough time to trim the previous sheet to size as in step (I).
		If the mould is really stuck shut, do not use excessive force, but allow to cool for 24 hours in a deep freeze.
	website.lineone.net /~dave.cushman/leafpress.html (749 words)

	Composting & Wildlife Gardening
		The only difference when you 'make' leaf mould is that you pile it into heaps so that you can harvest it when it has rotted down.
		Leaf mould is quite low in nutrients, which makes it excellent for seed germination as the seedlings develop a strong root system, which will help them remain healthy when threatened with pests and diseases.
		Well, because leaf mould takes longer than one year to develop, you will need to make some every year so that you can have an annual supply.
	www.ipcc.ie /leafmould.html (940 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Tomato Leaf Mould
		Patches of pale greyish-brown mould develop on the underside of leaves of tomatoes growing in the greenhouse.
		When infection is severe the mould may develop on both leaf surfaces, and occasionally even flowers and fruit are affected.
		Neither mancozeb nor copper is labelled for leaf mould control, but both are labelled for control of tomato blight, and if used as directed for this disease should give some control.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0700/tomato_mould.asp (371 words)

	Gay Gardener-Forum-Shade Gardening
		Thoughtful arrangement of plant forms, textures, and leaf colors can be equally radiant, making these areas one of the most interesting places in the garden.
		Leaf mould is the fibrous material created by the partial rotting of fallen leaves and wood.
		Shade tolerant plants love leaf mould, it holds moisture and nutrients, is open and airy, and it makes a natural mulch layer that falling leaves will add to year after year.
	www.gaygardener.com /features/shade.phtml (252 words)

	Leaf Mould February 03
		It prefers partial shade in well-drained soil amended with leaf mould.
		Leaf mould is made by making a compost pile of deciduous leaves in fall.
		'Leaf Mould' is the name of her monthly gardening column for the Coast Reporter.
	www.coastbotanicalgarden.org /articles/mouldfeb.htm (511 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Tomato Leaf Mould (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Patches of pale grey mould develop on the leaves of tomatoes growing in the greenhouse.
		These are the symptoms of tomato leaf mould, a common disease of tomatoes growing under glass.
		It first appears as yellow patches on the upper leaf surface with corresponding greyish mould on the undersides, sometimes as early as April but more usually in June and July.
	www.chelseashow.com /advice/profiles0700/tomato_mould.asp (281 words)

	How to Dispose of Autumn Leaves - eHow.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		New lines of leaf blowers and shredders have come onto the market recently that are lighter and easier to use.
		Leaf blowers are best if you have an easy way to collect the leaves, such as putting them into a pickup truck for dumping elsewhere.
		Leaf mould is an ideal mulch and earth conditioner.
	www.ehow.com /how_9290_dispose-autumn-leaves.html (729 words)

	RCO Fact Sheets/ Composting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Leaf mould is made up of leaves which have decomposed to the point where the leaves are no longer distinguishable, and just the skeletal system of the leaf is left.
		Leaf mould can be used to feed perennial plants that are difficult to cultivate such as grapes, berries and fruit trees.
		Leaf mould can also be mixed into the soil before seed planting.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/20/19884.htm (760 words)

	[No title]
		Making leaf mould is a cheap and easy eco friendly way to improve the structure of your soil.
		The leaves are decayed by fungi and bacteria who slowly work their way through the leaves, despite the lack or low levels of nitrogen present.
		Leaf mould is very useful in improving soil structure and even as a seed compost.
	homepage.eircom.net /~kifet/studentsites/organicgarden/compost.htm (688 words)

	icThewharf - Let those falling autumn leaves boost your soil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Leaf mould is a humus-rich soil conditioner which makes a good mulch for beds and borders, although it provides few nutrients.
		If you haven't a leaf vacuum which can suck them up, blow them out and shred them, a quick way of collecting them from the lawn is to use a lawnmower, which will shred leaves and add grass at the same time.
		If you leave them for two years or more, you should be left with a very fine crumbly leaf mould that can be used as a potting compost.
	icthewharf.icnetwork.co.uk /lifestyle/gardening/tm_objectid=14822601%26method=full%26siteid=50100%26headline=let%2dthose%2dfalling%2dautumn%2dleaves%2dboost%2dyour%2dsoil-name_page.html (462 words)

	glossary - L
		Plant organ, usually flattened and green, borne on a stem or branch, that fulfils the functions of photosynthesis and transpiration.
		The ratio of leaf area to land area on which a crop is grown.
		The broadened flat region of the leaf (lamina) in which the majority of photosynthesis occurs.
	www.powen.freeserve.co.uk /Reference/Glossary/gloss-l.htm (402 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One delightful bush smell is the earthy aroma of leaf mould dampened by rain or stirred up as you look for litter critters or perhaps subterranean fungi.
		Just thinking of the smell of leaf mould takes me magically back to when I was ten and exploring a small damp gully in the foothills of the Blue Mountains.
		These strong leaf smells are all part of the chemical warfare arsenal of the plant kingdom as they try to repel the ravenous hordes of big and little grazers that would use plant leaves as food if they could.
	fehps.une.edu.au /f/s/curric/pMetcalfe/DOCS/NatureNotes/BushSmells.html (592 words)

	Leaf Moulds - Cryptocorynes - Aquatic Plant Central
		Leaf mould, to anybody of British extraction is easy to get.
		Richard, can't help with the "leaf mould" part, except that Chestnut and Oak are in the same family (Fagaceae, after [i]Fagus[\i], the genus of Beech trees) of trees and they might be worth a try.
		Aaron is using straight Maple leaf mould, Sean I think is using an Oak, Catalpa mix.
	www.aquaticplantcentral.com /forumapc/cryptocorynes/38148-leaf-moulds.html (727 words)

	Cheshire Wildlife Trust, Advice Peat Free (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An easy way to make leaf mould is a container of wire mesh, supported by posts.
		Two parts loam to one part leaf mould, a good mix For large plants growing long term in tubs and containers, add in loam.
		Leaf mould can also be used, but if in short supply is better used in compost mixes.
	www.wildlifetrust.org.uk /cheshire/advice_peat_free.htm (1197 words)

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