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Topic: League for Programming Freedom

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	League for Programming Freedom from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The League is not opposed to the legal system that Congress intended -- copyright on individual programs.
		The League works to abolish the monopolies by publishing articles, talking with public officials, boycotting egregious offenders and in the future may intervene in court cases.
		The League's funds are used for filing briefs; printing handouts, buttons and signs and whatever will persuade the courts, the legislators and the people.
	foldoc.org /?LPF (299 words)

	league
		The League is not opposed to copyright law as it was understood until 1986--copyright on particular programs.
		For example, a program to analyze human speech might infringe the patent on a speedup in the Fast Fourier Transform; so might a program to perform symbolic algebra (in multiplying large numbers); but the category to search for such a patent would be hard to predict.
		In effect, a program is an extension of the programmer's mind, acting as a proxy for the programmer to control the hardware.
	www.finseth.com /hpdata/league.html (7984 words)

	League for Programming Freedom from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The League is not opposed to the legal system that Congress intended -- copyright on individual programs.
		The League works to abolish the new monopolies by publishing articles, talking with public officials, boycotting egregious offenders, and in the future may intervene in court cases.
		The League's funds will be used for filing briefs; for printing handouts, buttons and signs; whatever will persuade the courts, the legislators, and the people.
	www.instantweb.com /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=LPF (432 words)

	Using and Porting GNU CC - Protect Your Freedom--Fight "Look And Feel"
		The League calls for a return to the legal policies of the recent past, in which programmers could program freely.
		The League's activities include publicizing the issue, as is being done here, and filing friend-of-the-court briefs on behalf of defendants sued by monopolists.
		The League's membership rolls include John McCarthy, inventor of Lisp, Marvin Minsky, founder of the MIT Artificial Intelligence lab, Guy L. Steele, Jr., author of well-known books on Lisp and C, as well as Richard Stallman, the developer of GNU CC.
	www.cs.rochester.edu /~sanders/prog/c_pages/gcc/gcc_4.html (969 words)

	[No title]
		Programs a few years old are considered obsolescent.
		A Summary of the League's Position: Why Software Should Not be Patented ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix B provides an example of why the economic effects of patents vary from one industry to another as a result of industry specific economic factors.
		The League for Programming Freedom believes that the government must take action to prevent software patents seriously reducing the economic efficiency of the software industry.
	www.gordoni.com /software-patents/lpf/economic-perspective (3521 words)

	selling free software? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Contribute programs to GNU and distribute your own programs under the GPL, so that they will be of maximum use to a large number of people.
		Join the League for Programming Freedom (see box), although their concern is about software monopolies and not about free software as such.
		Although the League for Programming Freedom is not an affiliate of the FSF, it embodies a similar philosophy.
	ams.wiw.org /art/fsf.html (1791 words)

	GNU's Bulletin, vol. 1 no. 9 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		A copyleft is a legal instrument that makes everybody free to copy a program as long as the person getting the copy gets with it the freedom to distribute further copies, and the freedom to modify their copy (which means that they must get access to the source code).
		Linking a program with a library, without changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and analogous to running a utility program or application program.
		The League is not opposed to copyright law as it was understood until 1986--i.e., copyright on particular programs.
	www.tech-mirror.com /bulletins/bull9.html (7829 words)

	League for Programming Freedom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		League for Programming Freedom (LPF) was founded in 1989 by Richard Stallman to unite free software developers as well as developers of proprietary software to fight against software patents and the extension of the scope of copyright.
		The single event that had the most influence on the creation of the League was Apple's lawsuits against Microsoft about supposed copyrights violations of the look and feel of the Macintosh as copied in Microsoft Windows.
		After the lawsuit ended, the League went dormant to be resurrected when software patents enforcement and threats became increasingly troublesome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/League_for_Programming_Freedom (166 words)

	[No title]
		Minutes of the 1991 Annual Meeting of the LPF Introduction: The following is the record of the League for Programming Freedom's 1991 annual meeting as reported by LPF Secretary Christian D. Hofstader.
		The LPF's 1991 income was $27,585.12, the expenses for the year totalled $15,805.50, the net annual income was 12,779.62.
		Any exception for a program that would be used widely would enable the patent holder to claim to have "lost" signifigantly.] Article 33: Term of Protection The term of protection available shall not end before the expiration of a period of twenty years counted from the filing date.
	www.textfiles.com /magazines/LPF/lpf2.txt (3245 words)

	Stuart Cheshire on Software Patents
		This is my reponse to the League for Programming Freedom's CALL for LETTERS opposing software patents.
		When the program is finished, mass production costs a few cents for each floppy disk, or almost nothing if the program is distributed electronically through the shareware channels.
		If in my program, I need to accomplish some task, I can usually work out how to do it, either from my own creativity, or from techniques I was taught in university.
	rescomp.stanford.edu /~cheshire/rants/Patent.html (1263 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Protect Your Freedom to Write Programs ************************************ by Richard Stallman Ten years ago, programmers were allowed to write programs** using all the techniques they knew, and providing whatever features they felt were useful.
		The League for Programming Freedom is a grass-roots organization of professors, students, businessmen, programmers and users dedicated to bringing back the freedom to write programs.
		The League for Programming Freedom works to abolish the new monopolies by publishing articles, talking with public officials, boycotting egregious offenders, and possibly in the future by intervening in court cases.
	archive.cs.uu.nl /pub/LPF/INFO (508 words)

	Software Patents are Absurd
		One problem I have with the League for Programming Freedom's articles is that they take the tactic of attacking software patents on a number of fronts--a classic debating tactic, since if one attack "fails", the other attacks still stand.
		A core programming concept is that of "data structure augmentation"--taking a basic data structure and adding extra data or another data structure to it.
		The LPF points out that those who had been using backing store prior to the filing of the patent would not have been able to continue using it had the patent been actively litigated.
	www.nothings.org /computer/patents.html (5490 words)

	Programming - Mathematical Programming Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Functional programming is a style of programming that emphasizes the evaluation Further information about the use of functional programming languages in
		A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for Each programming language can be thought of as a set of formal
		This is a state-of-the art glossary of terms used in mathematical programming, with related terms in mathematics, economics and computer science.
	fineportal.com /?q=programming (182 words)

	Software Patents - League for Programming Freedom
		Browse through the net discussions or read some of the software patent papers to hear what LPF members have to say about software patents.
		Helmut wrote the Panorama Tools suite which are really cool programs (can be used in conjunction with GIMP) that are GPL'd and are used not just for stitching panoramas, but for correcting geometric distortion and color distortions found in most digital cameras, and can also be used to flatten out pictures taken with fisheye lenses.
		IPIX based their whole sleazy company on a patented program that takes fisheye images and flattens them out to look rectilinear, and then charging people $25 per license key where you need a new key for every picture; of course that flattening is just one feature of Panorama Tools.
	lpf.ai.mit.edu /Patents/patents.html (6238 words)

	An interview with Richard Stallman
		When you are writing a large program and you're using many techniques, implementing many features, the likelihood is that some of them are patented by somebody.
		The league is mostly inactive, but there is somebody updating the Website from time to time.
		The LPF was against the monopolies that obstruct software development, not just free software development, but proprietary software development also.
	www.itworld.com /Man/2687/LWD000329rms/search.html (3179 words)

	Stuart Cheshire on Software Patents
		The League for Programming Freedom plans on sending a representitive to testify in these hearings.
		A computer program of instructions comprising: - means for performing function X; - means for performing function Y; and - means for performing function Z. Example E: A data structure used in a computer program A hierarchical tree data structure having elements and possessing properties and operations.
		For example, some have questioned the "disclosure" value of computer program listings that are often included with patent specifications, given the significant administrative problems these listings create for the PTO and the widely divergent manner in which software is written.
	rescomp.stanford.edu /~cheshire/rants/LPF_Patent.html (4758 words)

	[No title]
		The League for Programming Freedom's an or- ganization of roughly six hundred people within the software in- dustry.
		It's a combination of software developers employed by various companies and small people who own their own business which typically are anywhere between like one or two people up to fifty or a hundred people, and they also have a number of members that are either academics, researchers or students.
		So this is from James Hellman (phonetic) who's a member of the League for Programming Freedom, and he says, "Aple of years ago I was involved in a start_up that was shut down by a bogus software patent.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/com/hearings/software/sanjose/sj_irlam.html (988 words)

	League for Programming Freedom (LPF)
		The League for Programming Freedom is an organization that opposes software patents and user interface copyrights.
		Soon new companies will often be barred from the software arena--most major programs will require licenses for dozens of patents, and this will make them infeasible.
		League for Programming Freedom 1 Kendall Square #143 P.O. Box 9171 Cambridge, MA 02139
	lpf.ai.mit.edu (809 words)

	Font utilities - Regain your programming freedom
		This freedom has now been taken away by two developments: software patents, which grant the patent holder an absolute monopoly on some programming technique, and user interface copyright, which forbid compatible implementations of an existing user interface.
		Since there is a strong presumption in the courts of a patent's validity once it has been granted, there is a good chance that users or implementors of TeX could be successfully sued on the issue.
		This section is a political message from the League for Programming Freedom to the users of the GNU font utilities.
	www.math.utah.edu /docs/info/fontu_18.html (1373 words)

	League - National League of Cities Official Website. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fantasy League Ltd - The inventors of fantasy football, since 1991.
		The Carolina League is a member of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.
		The League of American Bicyclists has been working to improve the quality of bicycling in America almost as long as there have been bicycles.
	findersky.com /fnes/league.htm (180 words)

	GNU's Bulletin, vol. 1 no. 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The League's founders consider software patents potentially even more dangerous than look-and-feel copyright, but it will be up to the members to decide whether the League should campaign against them.
		League for Programming Freedom, 1 Kendall Square #143, P.O.Box 9171, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
		The programs on this tape are all recent releases and can be considered to be at various stages of user testing.
	www.delorie.com /gnu/bulletins/bull8.html (7505 words)

	WCO Magazine issue # 22 - Dec 1994, pgs 11-19
		The issue was whether the use of a computer program in the process was enough to render it unpatentable, and the court ruled that it was not.
		In the programming world, the technique of using exclusive-or to write a cursor onto a computer display is obvious and well-known.
		If any program writes a memory page to a file, the contents of that page is copied to all programs.
	www.markshapiro.com /Issue22.p11-p19.html (4494 words)

	Help the League for Programming Freedom (LPF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It has been suggested that the LPF should speak out about the frightening issue of software that is in danger of being illegal to write: exploits.
		Some institutions would like to make it illegal to simply write or distribute a program that could be used to crack a system.
		Give copies of the LPF position papers, Against Software Patents and Against User Interface Copyright to your friends, colleagues and customers.
	lpf.ai.mit.edu /Help/help.html (459 words)

	The Fundamental Question – Against Software Patents - The Research Center on Computing & Society - Computer ...
		The case concerned a process for curing rubber – a transformation of matter.
		The issue at hand was whether the use of a computer program in the process was enough to render it unpatentable, and the court ruled that it was not.
		The Patent Office took this narrow decision as a green light for unlimited patenting of software techniques, and even for the use of software to perform specific well-known and customary activities.
	www.southernct.edu /organizations/rccs/resources/research/intellectual_property/ownership_mono/league02/fund_question.html (984 words)

	Programming Directory, Software Programming, Development Resources & Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Programming and Development section of eIT.in is a comprehensive listing of WWW resources for programming and software development.
		The APL Programming Language from the University of Michigan
		Paul Haahr's Procedural Programming in Dylan compares Pascal and Dylan versions of several simple functions.
	www.eit.in /sw/pd/programming.html (916 words)

	The Politics of "Software Patents" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But if "The League for Programming Freedom" is protesting some other type of patent, perhaps they will agree that patents like mine, which must apply both to hardware and software to obtain meaningful protection, are necessary and perhaps even desirable.
		And because a large software company generally has more programming resources, their product may even be better designed, with more features than one produced by a small company.
		Third, if good programming is actually "rare and precious," then (providing it fulfills the various requirements for a patent) it also deserves the historic reward for the disclosure of new techniques.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /ARTS/POLIPAT4.HTM (4333 words)

	Expanded Plain TeX - What to do? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To protect our freedom from lawsuits like these, a group of programmers and users have formed a new grass-roots political organization, the League for Programming Freedom.
		The purpose of the League is to oppose new monopolistic practices such as user-interface copyright and software patents; it calls for a return to the legal policies of the recent past, in which these practices were not allowed.
		Here are some suggestions from the League for things you can do to protect your freedom to write programs:
	www.tug.org /tetex/html/eplain/etex_68.html (371 words)

	PCD 2/26/92 Stallman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		New monopolies threaten the freedom of programmers to continue doing their work.
		Richard Stallman is one of the founders of the League for Programming Freedom, a grassroots organization of programmers and users fighting to bring back the freedom to write programs.
		Specifically, the League aims to abolish two recently established forms of monopoly which restrict programmers' freedom to do their work: interface copyright and software patents.
	hci.stanford.edu /cs547/abstracts/91-92/920226-stallman.html (289 words)

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