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Topic: Least Bittern

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	Least Bittern
		The Least Bittern is one of the smallest herons in the world, and the smallest in North America.
		The Least Bitterns share a number of traits with the larger American Bittern: cryptic coloration, stealthy habits that generally keep them hidden, and a preference for marshes with dense emergent vegetation.
		Although bitterns are usually the most solitary of herons, clusters of Least Bittern nests may be found in appropriate habitat with especially good food supplies.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /least_bittern_info.htm (493 words)

	Bittern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bitterns are wading birds in the heron family Ardeidae.
		Bitterns usually frequent reedbeds and similar marshy areas, and feed on amphibians, reptiles, insects and fish.
		Unlike the similar storks, ibises and spoonbills, herons and bitterns fly with their necks retracted, not outstretched.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bittern (133 words)

	CT DEP: Least Bittern Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Identification: The least bittern has buffy underparts, a white throat with yellow-brown on the sides of the neck, a slightly crested head, a slender, dull yellow bill, and yellow eyes.
		The least bittern continues to be absent from most parts of the state.
		The least bittern is a solitary to loosely-colonial nester.
	dep.state.ct.us /burnatr/wildlife/factshts/lebitt.htm (498 words)

	Wild Resource Conservation Program
		The smallest member of the heron family, the least bittern is 11 to 14 inches in length and has a 16- to 18-inch wingspan.
		When disturbed, the least bittern is more likely to run than fly, and like its relative, the American bittern, it also has the habit of freezing with its bill pointed straight up when alarmed.
		Least bitterns thrive in dense marshland environments containing cattails and reeds, along the coast and inland, where they feed primarily on small fish, amphibians, insects and small mammals.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /wrcf/lstbit.aspx (282 words)

	Species at risk - Least Bittern
		Least Bitterns breed from southern Canada south to South America, and winter from California, Texas and Florida to Panama and Colombia.
		Least Bitterns nest in freshwater marshes, where dense tall aquatic vegetation is interspersed with clumps of woody vegetation and open water.
		The Least Bittern is protected, in Canada and in the United States, by legislation implementing the Migratory Birds Convention.
	www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca /search/speciesDetails_e.cfm?SpeciesID=51 (687 words)

	Daily Egyptian:
		The least bittern is a miniature master of disguise, clinging onto cattails and reeds and going largely unnoticed in many of Southern Illinois' restored wetlands.
		The least bittern is on Illinois' endangered species list, in part, because researchers have not yet devised a method for accurately numbering population sizes of the 4-inch bird.
		The least bittern is one of the least studied marsh birds not only because it is hard to find, but also because it is not an economically important bird, Moore said.
	www.dailyegyptian.com /fall97/121097/least.html (1039 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Diversity of life
		A least bittern poses between plants in its freshwater marsh habitat.
		Least bitterns have a noisy way of greeting each other; they "clapper" (or open and shut) their bills.
		The least bittern is now a rare species of concern throughout the northeast because it depends on cattail wetlands, some of which are threatened by invasive species such as phragmites and purple loosetrife.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/diversity/spc030.html (223 words)

	Least Bittern
		Least Bittern: The Least Bittern nests in wetland areas throughout the eastern United States and along the Pacific coast.
		Least bitterns thrive in dense marshland environments containing cattails and reeds, along the coast and inland areas.
		Least Bittern: Diet for this bird consists of small fishes, frogs, tadpoles, salamanders, leeches, slugs, crayfish, dragonflies, aquatic bugs and occasionally shrews and mice.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/34/_/Least_Bittern.aspx (750 words)

	Bittern, Birds, Bittern, Bird Pictures, Catalog, Encyclopedia
		Date : 1/7/2006 Time : 9:11:32 PM The bittern is any of 12 species of wading birds closely related to the herons but generally with shorter legs, necks, and bills.
		The American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus, when approached, may stand upright with its bill pointed to the sky, using its coloration for concealment.
		Quite different in size and plumage is the boldly patterned least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis, of the Americas, only 30 cm (12 in) long, fl above and light below, with conspicuous buff wing-patches.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/birdsindex.asp?counter=7 (179 words)

	Pennsylvania Game Commission - State Wildlife Management Agency: Least Bittern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		POPULATION TREND: Least bitterns (Ixobrychus Exilis) are locally uncommon breeders in the Tinicum area in Philadelphia County; at Presque Isle State Park in Erie County; and in larger emergent wetlands in the state’s northwestern counties.
		Least bitterns are declining in areas where their largest historical populations have been found.
		Least bitterns were first designated as a threatened species in 1979.
	www.pgc.state.pa.us /pgc/cwp/view.asp?a=486&q=152631 (521 words)

	Least Bittern Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Least Bitterns nest in fresh and salt marshes and, rarely, in mangroves (Bowman and Bancroft 1989).
		Least Bitterns usually nest singly but are sometimes found in loose colonies in prime habitat (Kushlan 1973; Frederick et al.
		The presence of Least Bitterns is relatively easy for a skilled observer to detect; however, the nests are concealed in dense aquatic vegetation and are usually difficult to locate.
	www.wildflorida.org /bba/LEBI.htm (546 words)

	bittern on Encyclopedia.com
		The American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), often called “stake driver” because of a territorial male's booming call in the spring, is widely distributed in E North America.
		When pursued, the bittern escapes detection by standing motionless with its bill uplifted, its brown and yellow markings and striped foreneck blending with the marsh grasses.
		Bitterns are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Ciconiiformes, family Ardeidae.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/bittern.asp (442 words)

	Least Bittern Range Map
		The Least Bittern breeds locally from southern Oregon to central Baja California and southern coastal Sonora in the west; in the east across Canada from southern Manitoba, southern Ontario and southern New Brunswick south to Texas, the Gulf Coast, Florida and the Greater Antilles.
		The Least Bittern inhabits freshwater marshes, bogs and swamps with dense cattails, reeds, bulrushes, buttonbush, sawgrass, smartweeds, arrowheads and other tall aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation.
		The Least Bittern is less commonly found in coastal brackish marshes and mangrove swamps and is usually hidden in tall vegetation, and slips away by walking or climbing through reeds or even by running through them 2 to 3 feet above water, grasping a single reed or several in each foot.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /least_bittern_map.htm (145 words)

	Least Bittern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bitterns, although members of the heron tribe, are generally different from herons in many regards, particularly in their actions and behavior patterns.
		This habit of pointing the bill skyward earns for bitterns the name "sun-gazer" and provides one of the most striking examples of a behavior pattern associated with a device of protective coloration.
		The diminutive Least Bittern, which is similar to a meadowlark in body bulk though not in shape, stands out from all other herons because of its very small size and buffy-colored wing patches, which contrast with its fl back.
	losbird.org /labirds/lst_bittern.htm (343 words)

	All About Birds
		A tiny heron, furtive and surpassingly well camouflaged, the Least Bittern is one of the most difficult North American marsh birds to spot.
		When alarmed, the Least Bittern freezes in place with its bill pointing up, turns its front and both eyes toward the source of alarm, and sometimes sways to resemble wind-blown marsh vegetation.
		The Least Bittern and the American Bittern often occupy the same wetlands, but may have relatively little interaction because of differences in foraging habits, preferred prey, and timing of breeding cycles.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Least_Bittern.html (242 words)

	Pocatello Idaho State Journal: Bird Spotting: Least bittern's chance landing in Idaho thrusts it into limelight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Collar who took video of the least bittern, said at one point, others in his group got so close to the bird while taking photographs, he worried it would fly away, depriving anyone else of a chance to witness it.
		Mead, who saw his share of least bitterns while he was living in northwest Missouri, where he used an airboat to help count the population at a wildlife refuge there, knew exactly where to look to spot the familiar bird when he arrived at Camas.
		Least bittern: This heron is tough to spot and relies on cryptic coloration to escape detection.
	www.journalnet.com /articles/2005/07/01/features/outdoors01.txt (1357 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Ardeidae - Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis)
		In addition the wings of the Green Heron are dark and lack the rusty-brown patchs of the Least Bittern.
		The Least Bittern is found throughout tropical America.
		Behavior: The Least Bittern is a very secretive bird living in the cattails, reeds, and grasses of its freshwater marsh habitat.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/herons/Iexilis.htm (247 words)

	Bittern at exZOOberance!
		Bittern, common name for any member of a subfamily of birds similar to other herons in habits and habitat, although in general they have shorter necks and legs.
		The pinnated bittern, the common bittern of Europe, is widely distributed throughout Eurasia, and the American bittern can be found in all parts of the United States and most of Canada.
		The pinnated bittern is classified as Botaurus stellaris, the American bittern as Botaurus lentiginosus, and the least bittern as Ixobrychus exilis.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20fly/bittern/bittern.htm (326 words)

	Least Bitterns Among the Masses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The least bittern Ixobrychus exilis, is the smallest member of the heron family and is considered to be one of the most secretive marsh birds.
		The least bittern prefers to nest in densely vegetated wetlands that are larger than 5 hectares.
		The call of the male least bittern is similar to the call of the fl-billed cuckoo, sounding like a low, muttered coo-coo-coo.
	www.ducks.ca /ohmic/english/special/lstbttrn.html (496 words)

	Wye Marsh Wildlife Centre - Projects at the Marsh
		The Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) is a Nationally Threatened and Provincially Vulnerable bird, with an estimated population of less than 1000 nesting pairs in Canada.
		Both the Least Bittern and the Black Tern have specific habitat requirements and are sensitive to disturbance; the study was undertaken by the Wye Marsh to ensure that we are doing all we can for these sensitive and delicate birds.
		Least Bittern and Black Tern research at the Wye Marsh in 2004 took place with thanks to funding obtained through three grants.
	www.wyemarsh.com /proj_least.html (367 words)

	BISON Species Account 040036 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ARIZONA 1996: The statewide status of the least bittern (I.exilis) was poorly known (AGFD, 1996) 04.
		ARIZONA 1996: Least bitterns (I.exilis) have been confirmed breeding in dense cattail marshes along the lower Colorado River, a few localities along the Salt and Gila rivers, Picacho Reservoir, and (south of Safford) Dankworth Ponds (AGFD, 1996) 04.
		UTAH 1990: Least Bittern or Western Least Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis hesperis, occurs in Utah (UTDNR, 1990) 07.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /states/nmex_main/species/040036.htm (630 words)

	The Least Bittern
		When dead, its body measured two inches and a quarter across, from which it is apparent that this species, as well as the Gallinules and Rails, is enabled to contract its breadth in an extraordinary degree.
		Although the Least Bittern is not unfrequently started in salt marshes, it gives a decided preference to the borders of ponds, lakes or bayous of fresh water, and it is in secluded situations of this kind that it usually forms its nest.
		As soon as they are able to fly, they not unfrequently alight on the branches of trees to escape from their various enemies, such as minxes and water-snakes, the latter of which destroy a good number of them.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F38_G1d.html (1942 words)

	Least Bittern - North Pool - Parker River NWR 7-26-04
		This is one of 3 Least Bittern seen in the North Pool today.
		A female Bittern, one of 2 seen this afternoon, chased this male from the corner of the North Pool closest to the Hellcat parking lot on 4 different occasions, returning to an area very near the dike each time.
		3 juvenile Least Bittern were observed today as the adult male L. Bittern flew in to feed the youngsters on two occassions!!
	home1.gte.net /vze2xrsu/id46.html (232 words)

	Rare bird draws crowds to marsh
		After an expert, Marty Collar, of Pocatello, affirmed it was indeed a least bittern, Refuge Manager Rob Larranaga quickly compiled a write-up with information on the bird to post on a bulletin board.
		The morning of the initial least bittern sighting, Collar told Larranaga, "It looks like a good day for a state record," although Collar admits he says something similar every morning before heading out into the field.
		Mead, who saw his share of least bitterns while he was living in northwest Missouri, knew exactly where to look to spot the familiar bird when he arrived at Camas.
	www.casperstartribune.net /articles/2005/07/10/news/regional/76bd597ff195d8d287257039007aa638.txt (959 words)

	Birds: The Least Bittern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		THROUGHOUT the whole of temperate North America and tropical America to Brazil, this, the smallest of the Bittern family, is a well-known bird, but being a nocturnal species, inhabiting the almost inaccessible swamps and boggy lands that are covered with a dense growth of canes, reeds, and rushes, it is seldom met with.
		The Least Bittern is usually seen just before or after sunset.
		The Least Bittern is known by many local names.
	www.birdnature.com /feb1898/leastbittern.html (277 words)

	North Pool Restoration Study
		American bittern, least bittern, clapper rail, sora rail, and Virginia rail have all been observed on the Refuge in the past decade.
		Since 1994, a total of eleven American bitterns have been observed in the North Pool, three in the Bill Forward Pool, seventeen in the salt marsh, and four at Stage Island Pool.
		One least bittern was observed at Nelson’s Island and four at Stage Island.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/parkerriver/northpool/northpool06043.html (304 words)

	Least Bittern - Environment Canada
		Least Bitterns are smaller than other members of the heron family such as the Great Blue Herons and American Bitterns.
		Least Bitterns are very rare in this area.
		They are more often heard giving a soft, low "coo" call, but can occasionally be seen holding a reed-like pose with their bill pointed straight up to blend in with their surroundings.
	www.mb.ec.gc.ca /nature/endspecies/sar/db08s12.en.html (142 words)

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