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Topic: Least significant byte

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	SIGNAL(5)
		The second sample is formed from the 4 remaining bits of the first byte pair (which are the 4 high bits of the 12-bit sample) and the next byte (which contains the remaining 8 bits of the second sample).
		The first sample is obtained from the 11 least significant bits of the first byte pair (stored least significant byte first), with the low bit discarded.
		The third sample is formed from the 5 most significant bits of each of the first two byte pairs (those from the first byte pair are the least significant bits of the third sample).
	www.physionet.org /physiotools/wag/signal-5.htm (607 words)

	Least significant bit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computing, the least significant bit (lsb) is the bit position in a binary integer giving the units value, that is, determining whether the number is even or odd.
		It is analogous to the least significant digit of a decimal integer, which is the digit in the ones (right-most) position.
		Least significant bits are frequently employed in pseudorandom number generators, hash functions and checksums.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Least_significant_bit (317 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Byte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A byte is commonly used as a unit of storage measurement in computers, regardless of the type of data being stored.
		C, for example, defines byte as a storage unit capable of at least being large enough to hold any character of the execution environment (clause 3.5 of the C standard).
		The move to an eight-bit byte happened in late 1956, and this size was later adopted and promulgated as a standard by the System/360.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Byte (575 words)

	Endianness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally the byte (octet) is considered an atomic unit from the point of view of storage at all but the lowest levels of network protocols and storage formats.
		On the other hand, variable-width text encodings using the byte as their base unit, such as UTF-8, could be considered to have an inbuilt endianness that, at least in all commonly used text encodings, is fixed by the encoding’s design.
		In this case a decision must be made as to whether the least significant bit is considered to be first or last.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endianness (2387 words)

	Satlink Protocol Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The header byte is an constant byte that identifies the packet as a packet of this protocol.
		The bytecount is a two byte value that is an indicator of the number of bytes contained in the 'data' section of the packet.
		This is the least significant byte of the CRC16.
	www.sutron.com /SATLINKLOGGERPROTOCOLDOCUMENTATION/SatlinkProtocolDefinition.html (984 words)

	Understand reverse storage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But a word (two bytes) will be stored in memory with the least significant byte at the word's address in memory, but with the most significant byte at the next address up.
		Regarded as a byte sequence this is sometimes called a "little-endian" format because the least significant byte is first and the most significant byte is second.
		A dword (four bytes) will be stored in memory with the least significant byte at the dword's address in memory, then the next two bytes and finally with the most significant byte at the fourth address up.
	www.jorgon.freeserve.co.uk /GoasmHelp/usreverse.htm (385 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The LFC channel information is provided for t = T + 2 seconds (bits 2-3 of the second byte), for t = T + 4 seconds (bits 2-3 of the third byte) and for t = T + 6 seconds (bits 2-3 of the least significant byte).
		The step indicator information is provided for t = T + 2 seconds (bits 4-8 of the second byte), for t = T + 4 seconds (bits 4-8 of the third byte) and for t = T + 6 seconds (bits 4-8 of the least significant byte).
		The remaining bytes contain two simultaneous measurements of the DC electric field using the Ez antenna.
	ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov /~garrett/ddps/ddp/nssd0030.d00 (2761 words)

	Big and Little Endian
		To remember which is which, recall whether the least significant byte is stored first (thus, little endian) or the most significant byte is stored first (thus, big endian).
		I sometimes abbreciated this as LSB and MSB, with the 'B' capitalized to refer to byte and use the lowercase 'b' to represent bit.
		The rightmost bit is the least significant bit, and the leftmost bit is the most significant bit.
	www.cs.umd.edu /class/spring2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html (1383 words)

	Communications Programming Concepts - XDR Data Types
		To the right of byte 0, is byte 1, followed by byte 2, and byte 3 continued up to byte 7 (the least significant byte).
		The most and least significant bytes of an integer are 0 and 3.
		The most and least significant bytes of a number are 0 and 3.
	www.ncsa.uiuc.edu /UserInfo/Resources/Hardware/IBMp690/IBM/usr/share/man/info/en_US/a_doc_lib/aixprggd/progcomc/xdr_datatypes.htm (2639 words)

	Byte and Bit Order Dissection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That is, in a big endian system the most significant bit is stored at the lowest bit address; in a little endian system, the least significant bit is stored at the lowest bit address.
		Byte Consistent means the semantic of the byte is preserved.
		This means the most significant byte of an integer field is placed at a lower wire byte address and transmitted/received in front of the least significant byte.
	www.linuxjournal.com /node/6788/print (2548 words)

	SPECIFICATION OF THE ALGORITHM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Byte values that appear in the examples are given as two digit Hex numbers starting with the most significant digit, e.g.
		When a byte is used it is removed from the "use" array and the length of the array is decreased by 1.
		The 1 byte increment of the block size permitted by FROG, means that such a data base can be encrypted without increasing the size of its records, resulting in higher speed encryption and greater ease of integration with existing applications.
	www.tecapro.com /aesfrog.html (5773 words)

	Low Level System Information
		Most significant byte (MSB) byte ordering, or "big-endian" as it is sometimes called, means that the most significant byte is located in the lowest addressed byte position in a storage unit (byte 0).
		Least significant byte (LSB) byte ordering, or "little-endian" as it is sometimes called, means that the least significant byte is located in the lowest addressed byte position in a storage unit (byte 0).
		Bit-fields are allocated from right to left (least to most significant) on little-endian implementations and from left to right (most to least significant) on big-endian implementations.
	freestandards.org /spec/ELF/ppc64/spec/c123.html (1486 words)

	IRecordAttributes
		It describes the environment that originated the "bytes" in terms of its data encoding characteristics (endianess, codepage, and floating point representation).
		Byte representation of integers are ordered from most significant byte to least significant byte.
		Byte representation of floating point numbers as defined in the IBM System/370 Principles of Operation.
	www-03.ibm.com /servers/eserver/zseries/software/java/jrio/recordio/rec_framework/com/ibm/record/IRecordAttributes.html (195 words)

	Big Endian and Little Endian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There are 32 bits in the four bytes and 32 bits in the pattern, but a choice has to be made about which byte of memory gets what part of the pattern.
		The most significant byte (the "big end") of the data is placed at the byte with the lowest address.
		The least significant byte (the "little end") of the data is placed at the byte with the lowest address.
	chortle.ccsu.ctstateu.edu /AssemblyTutorial/Chapter-15/ass15_3.html (299 words)

	One Little, Two Little, Three Little Endians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The first stores integers as groups of consecutive 8-bit bytes with the least significant byte occupying the lowest memory location within the group and the most significant byte occupying the highest memory location.
		The second is just the reverse; the least significant byte is stored in the highest memory location within the group, and the most significant byte is stored in the lowest memory location.
		Once the bytes have been reversed the integer is then correctly interpreted by the hardware as the original value from the opposite-endian machine.
	acm.uva.es /p/v5/594.html (423 words)

	MSB/LSB Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the above example, the most significant bit is the position representing the highest power of 2, which is bit 7.
		The least significant bit is represented by the lowest power of 2, bit 0.
		For example, when two bytes are combined to form a 16 bit word, there is a most significant byte and a least significant byte as shown below.
	www.buczynski.com /~don/msblsb.html (247 words)

	New identifier formats based on IEEE Registration
		Bit 1 of byte 0, which serves as the universally/locally administered address bit, is set to zero.
		Bit 1 of byte 2, which serves as the universally/locally administered address bit, is always set to zero.
		Bits 7-4 of byte 0 are also interpreted as the NAA, which may take on value Ch, Dh, Eh, or Fh, depending on bits 23 and 22 of the IEEE OUI from the EUI-64 (see table 3) that is being mapped.
	standards.ieee.org /regauth/oui/tutorials/fibreformat.html (896 words)

	IBM MQSeries : Library : Manuals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The least significant byte in the packed-decimal number is the byte which contains the least significant decimal digit.
		The least significant byte in the number has the highest address of any of the bytes in the number; the most significant byte has the lowest address.
		The least significant bit in each byte is adjacent to the byte with the next higher address; the most significant bit in each byte is adjacent to the byte with the next lower address.
	www-306.ibm.com /software/integration/library/manuals99/csqzak/csqzak27.htm (223 words)

	GOLD Parsing System - Byte Ordering - Little Endian & Big Endian
		However, the question remains: "When multiple bytes are used, what order are they stored in memory?" This is a fundamental issue that must be know with absolute certainly, or the reading and writing of binary data could be interpreted incorrectly.
		The opposite is true for Big Endian, the most significant byte is stored in the lower memory address.
		Typically, hexadecimal numbers are printed with the high-order bit on the leftmost position; the rightmost bit being the least significant.
	www.devincook.com /GOLDParser/articles/byte-ordering.htm (352 words)

	NeXT
		The only bits affected by such an operation are the ones concerned by it; if the size specified is a byte, then only the least significant byte of the destination will be affected, and if the size is a word, then only the least significant word of the destination will be affected.
		For "and" and "or" (which is the inclusive or), at least one of the operand must be a data register; for "eor" (the exclusive or), the source operand must be a data register.
		Suppose the byte popped was valued "0"; then the least significant byte of d0 should be set to "0" by it, and the "Z" flag will be set, even if the 32-bit quantity held by d0 as a whole is not equal to "0".
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~cs573/fall2002/notes/next/chap6.html (773 words)

	JC and CelLab File Formats
		Bytes within each line are written with the leftmost pixel on the screen first and the rightmost pixel last (surrounded, of course, by the two extra bytes).
		Each byte in the table represents a the new state for a cell when its state and that of its neighbors select that cell in the rule lookup table.
		The cell states in the lookup tables are stored in the internal format with Plane 0 as the most significant bit and Planes 1 through 7 as the least significant 7 bits (in other words, the states are rotated circularly one bit to the right).
	www.fourmilab.ch /cellab/manual/fileform.html (3212 words)

	Sách bách khoa :: encyclopedia : Unicode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nhóm Least Significant 10 bit đuợc map vào một giá trị 10 bit nằm trong khoảng từ U+DC00 đến U+DFFF.
		UTF-8 được thiết kế in such a way that no byte sequence of one character is contained within a longer byte sequence of another character.
		The first is 0xE0 plus the 13th-16th LSBs, the second 0x80 plus the 7th-12th LSBs, and the third 0x80 plus the 1st-6th LSBs.
	vietnamese.encyclopedia.st /Unicode (2074 words)

	Byte-order - Emuscene Wiki
		Since the most significant byte is at offset 0, it is quite easy to access the sign bit without knowing how many bytes the value actually consists of.
		The order is as most people would expect it (at least those from cultures that are used to reading from left to right), thus hex dumps are easier to understand and program code that has to display values is more primitive.
		Due to the fact that the significance of a byte increases with a higher memory offset, multiple precision calculations are easier to implement.
	www.macemu.com /wiki/index.php?title=Byte-order&printable=yes (732 words)

	mal instructions
		The least significant byte of theregister contains the value to be stored and the other three bytes areunused.
		The value of the byte isplaced in the least significant byte of the register.
		The least significant byte of R iswritten to the terminal display.
	www.cstp.umkc.edu /~mullinsj/cs282/notes/mal_inst.html (987 words)

	Byte- and word-level manipulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most of the byte moving routines in this section are Fortran-callable functions written in C that use the byte manipulation routines provided with the standard C library.
		The increment c--- between elements in the source buffer is 2 bytes, the c--- increment between bytes in the destination buffer is c--- 7 bytes.
		the increment between elements in c--- the source buffer is 2 bytes, the increment between bytes c--- in the destination buffer is 7 bytes.
	www.ssec.wisc.edu /mcidas/doc/prog_man/7.6/progman-65.HTML (2186 words)

	Introduction to Endianness - big endian, little endian, byte order, byte swap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A big-endian representation has a multibyte integer written with its most significant byte on the left; a number represented thus is easily read by English-speaking humans.
		Big endian means that the most significant byte of any multibyte data field is stored at the lowest memory address, which is also the address of the larger field.
		Little endian means that the least significant byte of any multibyte data field is stored at the lowest memory address, which is also the address of the larger field.
	www.netrino.com /Publications/Glossary/Endianness.html (1120 words)

	MARS
		The document describing MARS, accessible at http://www.research.ibm.com/security/mars.html, notes that "little-endian" conventions, with the "first" byte of a 32-bit word being its least significant byte, are used in the cipher.
		The four bytes of the first word in the block, W0, are used as inputs to the two fixed S-boxes used by this cipher with eight bits of input and 32 bits of output.
		The second word is XORed with the word in S0 chosen by the least significant byte of the first word and then the word in S1 chosen by the third, or second least significant, byte of the first word is added to it.
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/co040406.htm (2482 words)

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