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Topic: Least valued currency unit

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	Least valued currency unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The least valued currency unit is the currency in which a single unit buys the least number of any given other currency or the smallest amount of a given good.
		Sub-units are generally not considered when looking for the least valued currency: for example, while one would consider a British pound sterling, one would not consider a British penny.
		It should be noted that many currencies are not permitted to float on the foreign exchange market, to prevent capital flight or for political reasons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Least_valued_currency_unit (400 words)

	Highest valued currency unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The highest valued currency unit is the currency in which a single unit buys the highest number of any given other currency or the largest amount of a given good.
		Most commonly the calculation is made against a major reserve currency such as the euro (EUR), the Pound Sterling (GBP) or the United States dollar (USD).
		As of December 2005, there were nine currencies for which 1 currency unit was worth more than 1 EUR:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Highest_valued_currency_unit (156 words)

	Lira Baru Turki - Wikipedia
		From an average of 9 lira per U.S. dollar in the late 1960s, the currency came to trade at approximately 1.65 million per U.S. dollar in late 2001.
		With the re-valuation of the old Turkish lira, the Romanian leu (to be revalued in July 2005) will become the world's least valued currency unit.
		A similar case to the Turkish is the Peruvian Nuevo Sol (new sun), that replaced in 1991 one million Inti (sun in Quechua); the Inti itself had replaced the Sol de Oro (Gold sun) in 1985 in a 100-1 rate.
	ms.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lira_Turki_Baru (342 words)

	International Economics Glossary: O
		An obligation to take or make delivery of an asset or currency in the future without cover, that is, without a matching obligation in the other direction that protects them from effects of change in the price of the asset or currency.
		The opportunity cost to a country of producing a unit more of a good, such as for export or to replace an import, is the quantity of some other good that could have been produced instead.
		The situation of a currency whose value on the exchange market is higher than is believed to be sustainable.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~alandear/glossary/o.html (1549 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Vietnamese dong
		The đồng (VND) is the standard unit of currency used in Vietnam.
		When Vietnam was part of French Indochina, the standard unit of currency was the piastre, which itself was a French term for the US dollar.
		On September 2, 1975, after the fall of Saigon, the currency in South Vietnam was changed to the "liberation đồng".
	all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/VND (519 words)

	The Value of Money in Colonial America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The result was the value of these units (pence, shilling and pound) were not on par with Britain and, to add to the confusion, their value differed in different colonies.
		The value of each major foreign silver coin was calculated based on the fineness of the silver and the weight of the coin in relation to the value of one troy ounce (480 grains) of sterling silver, which was 62d (5s2d).
		In 1709 Pennsylvania valued the Spanish dollar back to 72d (6s), which was the proclamation rate of 33.33% over sterling, however by the 1742 the dollar was trading at 90d (7s6d), a 66.66% increase over sterling.
	www.coins.nd.edu /ColCurrency/CurrencyIntros/IntroValue.html (1860 words)

	Romanian leu: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After the Crimean War (Crimean War: A war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia; 1853-1856), a bimetallic currency was adopted, with the lei (franc) of 100 bani (centimes) as the unit of value.
		The exchange rate is (as of December 2004): € (€: the euro (€; iso 4217 code eur) is the currency of twelve european...
		With the replacement by the New Turkish Lira (New Turkish Lira: the new turkish lira is the current currency of turkey and turkish republic of...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/romanian_leu (908 words)

	Glossary, Caesarism - Cyclical movements of trade
		Only their values "flee," usually because investors (capitalists), as a result of new information or fears, have readjusted downward their appraisal of the future values of such investments (securities or monetary units).
		As long as it remains a commercial commodity, its value as a commodity and as money is interchangeable and dependent on market conditions, i.e., the money relation (q.v.), the demand for it as a commodity and the cost of production (or mining).
		In general, the Currency School opposed free banking principles and the legal sanction for any discretionary increases or decreases in the nation's quantity of money, which, in their opinion, included banknotes but not demand deposits subject to transfer or withdrawal by check.
	www.mises.org /easier/C.asp (4013 words)

	[No title]
		This is essential whether you are trading foreign currencies for profit on a daily basis as a few large companies do, or you are deciding whether and when to establish or change a three month, 12 month or five year hedged position.
		A revaluation is a sudden increase in the value of one currency with respect to a second currency.
		Hedging a particular currency exposure means establishing an offsetting currency position such that whatever is lost or gained on the original currency exposure is exactly offset by a corresponding foreign exchange gain or loss on the currency hedge.
	accfinweb.account.strath.ac.uk /am/tml6.html (5262 words)

	Romanian leu -
		The current RON acronym for the currency might sound potentially obsolete in the future, but Romania is expecting to join the European Union and switch to euro long before any other currency reform might be needed.
		In 1867, a bimetallic currency was adopted, the leu of 100 bani.
		The Romanian leu briefly held the dubious distinction of being the world's least valued currency unit, from January (when the Turkish lira dropped six zeros) to July 2005.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Romanian_leu (1644 words)

	The Rise and Fall of Betton Woods, by J. Orlin Grabbe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But it seemed obvious, at least to Keynes, that the degree of international interdependence had now increased to the point that it was no longer necessarily in one's own self-interest to demand from the loser payment in gold and goods.
		A Fund member could change its par value only with Fund approval and only if the country's balance of payments was in "fundamental disequilibrium." The meaning of fundamental disequilibrium was left unspecified, but everyone understood that par value changes were not to be used as a matter of course to adjust economic imbalances.
		In the previous four years the United States had been in the process of financing the Great Society domestic social programs of the Johnson administration as well as a war in Vietnam, and the world was being flooded with more reserves than it wanted at the going price of dollars for deutschemarks, yen, or gold.
	www.orlingrabbe.com /bretton_woods.htm (11932 words)

	Currency - All About All findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In economics, a local currency is a currency not backed by a national government, and intended to trade only in a small area.
		The European Currency Unit (₠ ; ECU) was a basket of the currencies of the European Community member states, used as the unit of account of the European Community, before being replaced by the euro.
		The typical unit of account for such currencies is the gold gram or the troy ounce, although other units such as the gold dinar are sometimes used.
	www.allaboutall.info /search/Currency (699 words)

	Why a Federal Reserve Note isn't worth a Dollar.
		Dollars, or units; each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar, as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four-sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver.
		Half dollars; each to be of half the value of the dollar or unit, and to contain one hundred and eighty-five grains and ten-sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or two hundred and eight grains of standard, silver.
		Dimes; each to be of the value of one-tenth of a dollar, or unit, and to contain thirty-seven grains and two sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or forty-one grains and three-fifth parts of a grain of standard, silver.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Senate/4417/debasedmoney.html (2839 words)

	China currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Moneyweb, China's currency, the yuan, which was fixed at 8,3 to the dollar in 1995, has seen China benefit disproportionately from dollar depreciation over the past...
		The Australian, China's currency is pegged to the US dollar, so it is enjoying a devaluation and its depressed currency is fuelling the opportunity for enormous growth.
		China's currency is pegged to the dollar, and Zandi estimates the renminbi is undervalued by at least 30 percent.
	china.4newz.com /news/China_currency.html (4584 words)

	GENETIC DIVERSITY
		Biologists needing to estimate richness in a particularly valued currency of different genes or characters are usually unable to measure this directly, or at best are only able to study small samples of genes or characters.
		These measures predict the biodiversity value of different biotas, using knowledge of the genealogical (or hierarchical) relationships among organisms in combination with models of gene or character evolution (ref 2, ref 3).
		In the absence of complete knowledge of the valued genetic or character differences among organisms, the most direct approach to estimating relative value is to use phylogenetic measures.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/biogeography/Genes.htm (1169 words)

	Asian Holocaust : Nanjing Massacre, Sex Slaves, Opium, WMD Unit 731, 100, 516, and Slavery
		Japanese Dr. Kanisawa testified in NBC Dateline "Factory of Death: Unit 731" on Aug. 15, 1995, the live un-anesthetized dissection was a routine common practice in all units.
		In Aug. 2002, after 27 court hearings since 1998, and with former Unit 731 Japanese soldiers including Yoshio Shinozuka, came forward as witnesses, Japanese court had NO choice and finally was forced to recognize for the FIRST TIME that Japan had conducted WMD Biological Warfare in China, but rejected the demand for apology and compensation.
		At least 2,700 American PoW as Slave labored in the factories, mines and shipyards of Mitsubishi subsidiaries.
	www.skycitygallery.com /japan/japan.html (16169 words)

	Perspectives in Numismatics - Notgeld
		In 1920 the value of copper had risen to the point where copper coins were hoarded.
		He formulated a plan to return to a mark valued at 4.2 to the dollar, first freezing the inflation at the rate of 4.2 trillion mark on Nov. 20, 1923.
		By simply declaring four percent of public lands, including the railroads, as the backing of a new German monetary unit, the Rentenmark, Schacht exuded a sense of confidence to the public and brought an end to the senseless hyperinflation which was spawned by war and nurtured by reparation demands.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /projects/PiN/not.html (2538 words)

	Zimbabwean dollar -
		Rampant inflation and the collapse of the economy have severely devalued the currency, with many organisations using the US dollar instead.
		In November 2005, the regular currency auctions were discontinued and the RBZ announced that "market factors" would control the exchange rate.
		Many international observers believe the goal of a new currency was merely a campaign strategy, and will be impossible to implement due to large scale shortages of ink and paper in the country.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Zimbabwe_dollar (1167 words)

	OPTIMUM CURRENCY AREAS by Robert Mundell
		In this paper I argued that the oligops would be restive under a dollar standard and seek to challenge it by a currency alliance of their own, but that this outcome was inferior to that which would be result if the superpower were willing to accept a world currency.
		Because of the international demand for its currency, and subject to the constraint imposed by the threat of entry, the United States will have a higher optimal rate of inflation than it would in the absence of the international use of its currency.
		The key element in a currency board system is that the exchange rate is kept fixed within narrow or zero margins and that the peg can be changed only by parliamentary or constitutional changes that can only be negotiated with considerable difficulty, thus generating confidence in the continuation of the system.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Concourse/8751/edisi04/ocata.htm (7943 words)

	RGE - Einstein and the US Dollar: Is the US Currency Rewriting the Laws of Gravity?
		The relation between the current account and the currency value is simple: as long as the capital account does not lead to an inflow of capital to finance a current account deficit, such a deficit should lead to a weakening currency.
		In the capital account such inflows tend to increase the demand for the domestic currency and lead to a currency appreciation; while the capital outflows lead to a reduced demand for domestic currency and domestic assets.
		Value of the dollar continued to grow until the end of 2001, declined in fit and starts for the next 3 years and began to grow again in 2005.
	www.rgemonitor.com /blog/roubini/108576 (12131 words)

	[No title]
		Following a recent actuarial valuation, the group also announced a 2.5 mln stg increase in company contributions to the pension scheme with effect from Sept 1, 2003.
		The BoE also reported that the value of approvals of new mortgage loans rose to a record high of 27.55 bln stg, compared with 25.98 bln in July, which was the previous record.
		Albaugh's unit had revenues of 25 bln usd in 2002, but he said in an interview: "We think we can grow over the next several years at a compounded annual growth rate of 10 pct or so -- it is higher than the actual (US defence) budget.
	www.forexnews.com /news/news.htm (20768 words)

	Fascism, Nazism, Communism, Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Just as there was no going back for Hitler who almost literally succeeded in his promise to fight until the last bullet, so today's governments are playing their parts in the global war against the family, and fight until the last dollar, mark, or any other currency unit of your choice.
		Punitive taxation is not the least of those tactics and schemes.
		In Canada, for example, the difference in total net income for families with equal and average gross annual earnings is up to $13,000 in favour of two-income-earner families, caused by tax advantages and child day-care allowances to which single-income-earner families with two parents have no access.
	www.fathersforlife.org /ideology.htm (3734 words)

	elann.com - Knitting Yarn at Irresistible Prices
		I have a BA in English and Philosophy, and an MBA in Marketing, from the University of Manitoba, and, until I met Ann in Cranbrook, where we were both teaching at the local college, I had no passion for textiles or knitting whatsoever.
		At the age of 7 or so, we moved to the United States, and have lived there for about 42 years.
		While having settled in the United States, we've done much traveling to England, and Italy, Marocco, Israel.
	secure.elann.com /group/biographies.asp (15568 words)

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