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Topic: Lebanese National Movement

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Lebanese Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Surviving underground, the LCP in 1965 decided to end its isolation and became a member of the Front for Progressive Parties and National Forces, which later became the Lebanese National Movement under Kamal Jumblatt. In 1983 the Sunni fundamentalist movement in Tripoli, Tawhid (Islamic Unification Movement), reportedly executed fifty Communists. One of the oldest multisectarian parties in Lebanon, the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) was formed in 1924 by a group of intellectuals. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lebanese_Communist_Party   (466 words)

The Lebanon War, Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese war is very complex and has many dimensions so is not considered, as some have claimed, to be a 'civil war' as many non Lebanese nationals were very heavily involved, indeed armies of neighbouring countries took part in much of the fighting. The occasion for turmoil was a demonstration called for by several Lebanese Leftist and Arab nationalist parties led by Kamal Jumblatt to protest against ‘the reactionary policies of the Lebanese government towards Fedayin action’ and to call for ‘the opening of southern borders for guerrilla operations against Israel'. For Lebanese Communist Party ideologue Mahdi ‘Amil, the ‘April 23 uprising’ (‘Intifada’) was a political and ideological achievement of ’historic significance’, with it, ‘Lebanon's class struggle began’ and a new political force was born ‘to break the hold of the bourgeoisie-controlled’ political system and ‘to protect the Palestinian Resistance. www.cedarland.org /war.html   (21117 words)

Shattered Christian Minorities in the Middle East Lebanese Christians were always keenly mindful of past atrocities inflicted on their brethren in the Middle East at the hands of the Muslims- namely the demise of Armenians in Turkey and the persecution of Coptic Christians in Sudan and Egypt. The Lebanese army's refusal to take sides during the crises of 1952 and 1958 was a rare phenomenon in post-world war II Middle East, where political history has been largely shaped by military intervention and domination. However, the Lebanese forces denied its involvement and the victims' relatives have recently launched criminal proceeding at a the Belgium supreme court against the current Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who was the Defence Minister during the 1982 invasion. phoenicia.org /christiansmea.html   (14760 words)

TIME Europe TIME Trail: Lebanon These clashes pushed the government to resign in May 1975 and the conflict soon escalated into a full-scale civil war between the Lebanese National Movement of Arab nationalists — including Palestinians — and the conservative Christian groups fighting to preserve their power. The force behind Lebanese nationalism came from the Maronite Christians, whose concept of national identity was based on the area's history as the homeland of the ancient Phoenicians. The Palestinians found a natural ally in the disadvantaged Lebanese, who cited exclusion from the political process and the economic disparity between Christians and Muslims as reasons for their struggle. www.time.com /time/europe/timetrails/lebanon   (897 words)

The Principle Characters By August 30, he was appointed head of the unified command of the Lebanese Forces, a coalition of the Christian militias of the Kataeb Party, National Liberal Party, the Tanzim and the Guardians of the Cedars. He joined the Lebanese army in 1956 and graduated from its military academy as an artillery officer in 1959.He attended military courses in France and the United States (the last of which was a General Staff course in Kansas in 1980) and was awarded several military decorations. He had been a surgeon in the Lebanese army before defecting to the SLA and was sentenced to death by Lebanese authorities in absentia on charges of "dealing with the enemy." He was married and has young children. www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/bio.html   (9818 words)

Cedars Network US Club & Oranization Directory The American Lebanese National Movement (ALNM) is a civil, charitable and independent association with no political or religious character. National non-profit organization dedicated to promote the interest of the American Lebanese. Lebanese Friends in Chicago” - Preserving, enriching, and promoting the Lebanese Culture - Serving the Lebanese community in and outside Chicago through cultural, educational, humanitarian, and social activities. www.cedars1.com /us/directory.htm   (385 words)

Lebanese Civil War 1975-1976 Lebanese Muslims tended to sympathize with the PLO... Lebanon's different Muslim groups, principally the Shi'ite, Sunni, and Druse (Druze) sects, which made up about half the population, were discontented with the 1943 National Pact, which established a dominant political role for the Christians (Phalange Party or Phalangists), especially the Maronites, in the central government. Palestinians also lived in Lebanon, particularly in the south in refugee camps or in bases from which guerrillas of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) carried out attacks on neighboring Israel. www.onwar.com /aced/data/lima/flebanon1975.htm   (84 words)

Lebanon - History As Lebanese Front fortunes declined, two outcomes seemed likely: the establishment in Mount Lebanon of an independent Christian state, viewed as a "second Israel" by some; or, if the Lebanese National Movement won the war, the creation of a radical, hostile state on Syria's western border. Lebanese national leaders took the opportunity to ask de Gaulle to end the French Mandate and unconditionally recognize Lebanon's independence. The presence of these diverse, cohesive groups led to the eventual emergence of the Lebanese confessional state, whereby different religious communities were represented in the government according to their numerical strength. www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/lebanon/history.htm   (7721 words)

Walid Jumblatt Since the new Lebanese regime of President Amine Gemayel had forged political ties with the Arslan clan, Jumblatt was more than willing to join the National Salvation Front, a pro-Syrian alliance of militias opposed to the central government and the May 1983 non-belligerency agreement it signed with Israel. The Lebanese opposition parties continue to demand freedom for Lebanon and as the year 2004 drew to a close Walid Jumblat switched sides, joined the opposition and became one of the most outspoken critics of the occupation. The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1559 which calls on Syria to cease intervening in Lebanese internal politics, withdraw from Lebanon, and for the disbanding of all Lebanese militias. www.cedarland.org /walid.html   (2134 words)

Political Affairs Magazine - Lebanese Communist Party Condemns Assassination of Leader Former Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) General Secretary George Haoui, described in an LCP press statement as “the founder of the Lebanese national resistance front and the basic leader of the national Lebanese movement,” was assassinated Tuesday morning. “The series of assassinations against the Lebanese national and political symbols basically aims at undermining the ability of the Lebanese people and national movement to build an independent and sovereign Lebanon, and targets the democratic and secular movement” in Lebanon, he added. This new view emerged in the last decade after Syria’s support for mostly anti-Communist fundamentalist sectarian movements and heavy-handed Syrian influence on the policies of the LCP caused it to lose hard-won credibility. www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/1355/1/32   (675 words)

Frontiers: Gender, sexuality, and class in national narrations: Palestinian camp women tell their lives After the defeat of the Resistance in Jordan in 1970-71, its headquarters and forces moved to Lebanon where, allied with the Lebanese National Movement, it controlled a large part of the country until the Israeli invasion of 1982. Yet from its beginning, the Palestinian Arab national movement has encompassed varied and contradictory discourses on women and gender, attempting to steer a middle course between active and symbolic forms of mobilizing woman. The Palestinian National Movement and Women/Gender Some currents and phases of Palestinian Arab nationalism have demonstrated an alignment of dichotomies similar to that which stamped nineteenth-century Indian nationalism: inner/outer, politics/home, men/women. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3687/is_199801/ai_n8770719   (745 words)

Encyclopedia Of The Palestinians: Biography Of Salah Khalaf (Abu Iyad) Khalaf's role within the Palestinian national movement became more important in 1970 in Jordan, where he advocated nonconfrontation with the Jordanian regime, although-in contrast with the PLO's right wing-he later refused to blame the PFLP and the DFLP for the massacres that resulted from the Jordanian war against the Palestinians. Abu Iyad was probably the first PLO leader to declare officially that the movement's goal was the establishment of a "secular democratic state in Palestine" comprising both Palestinians and Jews-an idea favored by the PLO's left wing, which fiercely opposed the two-state solution until the late 1970s. He assured Lebanese and Palestinian leaders that Israel would not dare send its troops into West Beirut, but his words did not calm the fears of those who had been exhausted by the Lebanese civil war. www.palestineremembered.com /Jaffa/Jaffa/Story166.html   (1107 words)

Lebanese Civil War Lebanese National Movement (LNM) led by Kamal Jumblat, a prominent Druze. Lebanese Forces, led by Bashir Gemayel, like Chamoun also a Maronite Christian, yet his group allied with the PLO. This resulted in fighting between the army and the Lebanese Forces and the Amal-Druze alliance. i-cias.com /e.o/leb_civ_war.htm   (1057 words)

Biographical Briefs of Member of the Command Council of the National Movement (1975-77), and one-time member of the pro-Iraqi Ba`ath Arab Socialist Party. One of the founders of the Amal Movement, and one of the main architects of the Taif Agreement. Former lecturer in economics at the Lebanese University, and Prime Minister briefly in 1973. www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br4/parlmtpt1.html   (1887 words)

The Lebanon Civil War: Syria’s Role in Lebanon As Lebanese Front declined two outcomes appeared: the establishment an independent Christian state as possible second Israel and if the Lebanese National movement won the war the creation of radical state on Syria's western border. Although the intention of the Cairo Agreement was to station Lebanese military units in southern Lebanon, instead the ADF controlled the area only to the Litani River, leaving the region south of it in the hands of the Palestinians. This was due to the division that was occurred in the Lebanese military and civil institutions, Lebanon even was fighting Palestinians in a war that its social, political and economy structure could not sustain. www.coursework.info /i/10385.html   (837 words)

Palestinian Biography He advocated a policy of full support for the Lebanese national movement and helped build up the forces of the PLO's Lebanese allies. Unlike other PLO leaders, Abu Jihad did not allow the Lebanese environment to discredit his role within the movement; he was never tainted by the massive corruption and thuggery that swept the ranks of PLO officials. He became the major link between underground activist cells inside Occupied Palestine and the Palestinian national movement. www.palestinehistory.com /palbio14.htm   (895 words)

Joseph Kiwan Web Site Working for lebanese national unity and true social justice. The Amal movement was established in 1975 by Imam Musa as Sadr, an Iranian-born Shia cleric of Lebanon Ancestry who had founded the Higher Shia Islamic Council in 1969. The offical web site of the Lebanese political group Hizbollah (also spelled Hezballah or Hezbollah) www.josephkiwan.com   (207 words)

May 25, the great victory of the Lebanese resistance in south Lebanon Weapons is an organization for the Lebanese national resistance against occupation." May 25, the great victory of the Lebanese resistance in south Lebanon The dilemma in which some 2500 members of the pro- Israeli Lahd hireling militias found themselves in revealed the real crisis that hit Israel. www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/010525/2001052505.html   (287 words)

view.asp?msgID=587 In this context, we suggest May 25 is one of these days because on this day the Lebanese National Resistance Movement defeated the Zionist enemy in South Lebanon," columnist and former MP Dr AbdulMohsen Jamal wrote for Al-Qabas daily Saturday. In spite of the above, the Lebanese National Resistance Movement has proved its ability to play a deterrent role to create the so-called 'the balance of horror' between Lebanon and Israel. "In this context, we say now the Israeli dream is to disarm the Lebanese National Movement, particularly since we know both the United States of America and France are currently moving in the same direction. www.arabtimesonline.com /arabtimes/diwaniya/view.asp?msgID=587   (1283 words)

Guardians of the Cedars Statement The Central Directorate of the Party of the Guardians of the Cedars-National Lebanese Movement, held its weekly meeting and discussed the current Lebanese, regional and international situation, and issued the following communiqué: The Central Directorate of the Party of the Guardians of the Cedars calls upon public opinion not to be lured into wasting its time in search for a scapegoat to pile upon him the “ Sabra and Chatila massacres” and bury into oblivion all the massacres, assassinations, rapes, torture committed against the Lebanese. 4-     Who was responsible for preventing the Lebanese government from spreading its authority over all the Lebanese territory, while established instead isles of foreign security within Lebanon as, for example the Camps of Dbayeh, Tall Zaatar, Jisr Al-Basha, Qarantina and a host of others? www.gotc.org /st16.7.1.htm   (378 words)

CLAO Articles and Letters The Free National Movement warns the Lebanese public against what this act carries as negative indicators for yet-to-come police actions by the Lebanese government and its security apparatus that could include an invasion by intelligence services of all university campuses. The Free National Movement reiterates its emphasis on the dangerous precedent created by this act. This is taking place in spite of efforts for a cover up, as well as pressures exerted by members and officers of the Lebanese Intelligence Services on students and university administrators to prevent that the incident be made public or prevent any demonstrations against it. www.clao.com /art0420.html   (193 words)

FREE LEBANON - H. E. GENERAL M. AOUN VISIT TO AUSTRALIA Also was present the president of the Free National Movement (Aounist Movement) Pierre Raffoul and the editor of the Herald newspaper Sharbel Moussa and Mr. Invited by the Lebanese-Australian friendship commission - that gathers 35 federal deputy - and the governmental committee of external affairs and defense and commerce, General Michel Aoun visited the oldest parliament in Australia - namely the New South Wales parliament - where a banquet was organized in his honor. During lunch, General Aoun explained to the Australian officials the various sides of the present Lebanese crisis, showing them a new strategy that could help end this crisis. www.generalaoun.org /aust5.html   (442 words)

Encyclopedia: Trinidad and Tobago Patrick Manning Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (born August 17, 1946) is the current Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Trinidad and Tobago and Political Leader of the Peoples National Movement (PNM). People of Indian and African descent make up almost 80% of the population, while the remainder are mostly mixed race with small European, Chinese and Syrian-Lebanese minorities. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Trinidad-and-Tobago   (1299 words)

All book reviews available electronically, by Daniel Pipes The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement Without Forgetting the Imam: Lebanese Shi'ism in an American Community Islam and Salvation in Palestine: The Islamic Jihad Movement www.danielpipes.org /rev/year/all   (1299 words)

The 1994 Edition of the CIA World Factbook - Full Text Free Book (Part 22/46) - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' the National Assembly is composed of 128 deputies, one-half Christian www.fullbooks.com /The-1994-Edition-of-the-CIA-World-Factbook22.html   (4818 words)

Political Affairs Magazine - Lebanese Communist Party Condemns Assassination of Leader Former Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) General Secretary George Haoui, described in an LCP press statement as “the founder of the Lebanese national resistance front and the basic leader of the national Lebanese movement,” was assassinated Tuesday morning. “The series of assassinations against the Lebanese national and political symbols basically aims at undermining the ability of the Lebanese people and national movement to build an independent and sovereign Lebanon, and targets the democratic and secular movement” in Lebanon, he added. The LCP organized, along with Hezbollah, the armed resistance movement in the 1980s that eventually expelled Israel’s occupation army from Southern Lebanon in 2000. www.politicalaffairs.net /article/view/1355/1/102   (673 words)

Abed Rabbo Mourns George Hawi as Loss to Secular Democracy “The series of assassinations against the Lebanese national and political symbols basically aims at undermining the ability of the Lebanese people and national movement to build an independent and sovereign Lebanon, and targets the democratic and secular movement” in Lebanon, he added. In a letter he sent to the Secretary General of the Lebanese Communist Party Khaled Hdada, Abed Rabbo described late Hawi as a prominent communist, a Lebanese national and a pan-Arab leader. The democratic and national movement in Lebanon and the Arab world has lost a prominent symbol of the national and secular democracy, Abed Rabbo said in his letter. www.palestine-pmc.com /details.asp?cat=1&id=920   (281 words)

Encyclopedia: Politics of Lebanon The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. The Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party, the National Bloc, National Liberal Party, Lebanese Forces (now outlawed), the Free Patriotic Movement and the Guardians of the Cedars (now outlawed) are the parties with the largest popular following among Christians. The Free Patriotic Movement, also called the Aounist is a party headed by Michel Aoun the former commander of the Lebanese army and prime minister of the military government instored during the Lebanese civil war. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politics-of-Lebanon   (281 words)

Sanctuary and Survival (chapter 6): Countdown to Confrontation Shortly thereafter the National Movement published a new program for the resolution of the Lebanese conflict.9 But Walid was not Kamal; the younger Junblat lacked the political experience and national appeal his father had enjoyed. The Zionist movement's early territorial claims to south Lebanon and Moshe Dayan's 1955 proposals to establish a pro-Israeli Christian Lebanese mini-state were both cited as evidence of Israeli ambitions in the area. Amal, the Lebanese Arab Army, the SSNP and many other Lebanese organizations were deeply penetrated by Syrian intelligence. www.arts.mcgill.ca /MEPP/PrrN/papers/sanctuary/ch6.html   (16886 words)

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