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Topic: Lebanon War

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	Lebanon (Civil War 1975-1991)
		The population of Lebanon comprises Christians and Muslims.
		Lebanon's history from independence has been marked by periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on Beirut's position as a regional center for finance and trade.
		Syria's presence in Lebanon was legitimated by the establishment of the Arab Deterrent Force (ADF) by the Arab League in October 1976.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/lebanon.htm (2895 words)

	RealClearPolitics - Articles - The War in Lebanon
		Lebanon, however, is in no mood to tolerate such a provocation, especially in light of the guerrillas' arsenal of 10,000 or so short-range missiles targeted at Lebanese civilians.
		Lebanon is able to destroy more than 3,000 of the remaining 6,000 missiles, including almost all those of greater range, putting to rest the guerrillas' threat to attack Beirut.
		In the war's early days, when the prime minister met with military advisors who in reversal of the norm were mainly air force officers, it was clear that the campaign--under the direction of an air force general as chief of the general staff--would stress aerial bombardment.
	www.realclearpolitics.com /articles/2006/10/the_war_in_lebanon.html (2756 words)

	Lebanon's Forgotten Civil War
		The physical detritus of the war is everywhere, in the pocked facades of countless buildings and the graveyards that dot the country.
		Although Lebanon is one of the most open Arab societies, talk of the war is regarded as beyond the bounds of polite conversation.
		The silence that enshrouds memories of the war was in evidence this fall, the 10th anniversary of a 1989 agreement meant to set the political framework for postwar Lebanon.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/civwr1.htm (1299 words)

	Lebanon, Lebanese, Maronites, Beirut - The Peace Encyclopedia
		Lebanon was divided between a pro-Arab, mostly Islamic camp, which supported the Palestinians, and a Lebanese nationalist, Christian inspired camp, opposed to the dilution of the country's historic identity.
		Lebanon continues to labor under the burden of Syrian occupation of its national territory resulting in control of its political and economic life and continued conflict in southern Lebanon.
		Lebanon is such a valuable prize, and an Israeli withdrawal may ring the bells for a Syrian withdrawal long overdue under the Taif terms.
	peace.heebz.com /lebanon.html (6179 words)

	What Lebanon's civil war might tell us about Iraq. - By Michael Young - Slate Magazine
		This underlines one of the paradoxes of the Lebanese war.
		Lebanon's cycle of wars ended in October 1990, when Syria defeated mainly Christian units of the Lebanese army a year after a national reconciliation accord was signed.
		Lebanon showed at the end of its war that a combination of regional consensus to end the fighting, the vigorous imposition of outside force to enhance security, and also a political compromise satisfying domestic actors could lead to a broad settlement welcomed by a disgusted public.
	www.slate.com /id/2139687 (1332 words)

	Israel's war in Lebanon in 2006
		Israel's war in Lebanon in 2006 is the latest example.
		They were tacit allies of Israel in its war of containment of Hezbollah, until Israel's actions went out of proportion and the Arab regimes had to respond to the public outcry in their countries.
		Israel's war in Lebanon 2006 has not only alienated the Hebrew state's tacit Arab allies, but furthermore created a - so far mainly rhetorical - alliance between the Sunnite Hamas and the Shiite Hezbollah and the Shiite Iran.
	www.cosmopolis.ch /english/politics/74/israel_war_lebanon_2006.htm (1035 words)

	Lebanon war page
		Lebanon is a state which was until 1917 part of the Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire.
		Following the defeat and collapse of that empire Lebanon and Syria were administered by France as a League of Nations Mandate.
		There seems to be at least a tacit agreement with the US to damage Iran's proxy Hezbullah, so that the war in Lebanon, as other wars, is a proxy for larger wars in the Middle East.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/wars/lebanon.html (749 words)

	1982 Lebanon War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another reason given for the invasion was as an intervention in the ongoing Lebanese Civil War to counteract Syrian influences in Lebanon, and possibly enable the establishment of a stable Lebanese leadership from the Christian population, which would strengthen a central Lebanese Army, restore security and agree to diplomatic relations with Israel.
		The newspapers, except Haaretz, also supported the war: optimistic articles were published (for instance, reports were made on a lessening in the number of theft in Gush Dan region, implying that there was a connection with the war) and not one doubting voice was heard in these communications media.
		Lebanon and Hezbollah continue to claim a small area called Shebaa Farms as Lebanese territory, but Israel insists that it is captured Syrian territory with the same status as the Golan Heights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1982_Lebanon_War (2515 words)

	[No title]
		Lebanon and to strengthen the SLA, secret talks were held with Lebanese Christians, who were wary of an independent Palestinian presence in their country and concerned over their plummeting political standing.
		However, the ceasefire was violated, and on June 3, 1982, the Israeli ambassador in London, Shlomo Argov, was shot and critically wounded by a terrorist belonging to Ahmed Jibril’s organization.
		According to the plan, Lebanon would come under Christian control and sign a peace treaty with Israel, and the Syrians and Palestinians would be expelled from the country.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3284684,00.html (1120 words)

	The Lebanon War
		In Lebanon, the fragile state of no-war, no-peace, in place since 1973, began to break down as the PLO strengthened its mini-state in Lebanon, established PLO military training centers, and escalated artillery and cross-border attacks on civilians in northern Israel.
		Syria remained ensconced in 35 percent of Lebanon and the Christian-dominated Lebanese government was not strong enough either to conclude a peace treaty with Israel or to control rival Lebanese factions from assaulting each other and attacking Israel.
		Syria had no intention of removing its troops from Lebanon as the agreement called and the Phalangists were not strong enough to control the numerous rival factions in Lebanon from engaging in terrorist actions against Israel.
	www.adl.org /ISRAEL/Record/lebanon.asp (903 words)

	July 2006 War on Lebanon
		Lebanon is indeed in the midst of political crisis.
		In the period ranging from the assassination of PM Hariri to the beginning of the July war, the main division in the country was between the March 14 Movement and the ‘others’.
		Once the war was over, got back to their self-centred paranoid bickering, after money-talking citizens into hundreds of thousands of splashed US dollars (ironically enough) handouts and promises of mass local and Arab donations.
	july2006waronlebanon.blogspot.com (6012 words)

	Fourth Generation War in Lebanon - by Ehsan Ahrari
		Fourth generation war involves a non-state actor as one of the participants, especially an actor who uses violence justified on the basis of an ideology to wage war.
		Even the late Anwar Sadat's decision to start the 1973 war (which Israel calls the "Yom Kippur War" and Arabs call the "Ramadan War" since it was waged during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan) had a very limited purpose, as it turned out.
		In the context of fourth generation war, it would depict that outcome as its "profound victory," in the sense that such a potential outcome would not radically alter the chances of its survival in Lebanon.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/ahrari.php?articleid=9426 (1769 words)

	TIME.com: Lebanon's War of Words -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The accusations of treason are also at odds with how many in Lebanon remember Siniora's behavior during the war: He broke down in tears on television asking the world, and especially the United States, to push Israel for an immediate cease-fire.
		Lebanon is losing some $40 million each day the crisis continues, in lost business and from the costs of deploying the army and police round the clock in Beirut, according to government ministers.
		This is on top of the reconstruction costs from the war with Israel, and from the 15-year civil war that ended in 1990, which together have put the country about $40 billion in debt — $9 billion of which comes due next year.
	www.time.com /time/world/article/0,8599,1568709,00.html (1358 words)

	[No title]
		Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country which borders Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west
		Until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975, Lebanon was one of the Middle East’s primary centers of commerce, and Beirut was a busy financial and investment hub.
		The agreement specified that Lebanon was to have a Maronite president, a Sunni prime minister, a Shiite speaker of Parliament, and a Druze chief of staff.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3284170,00.html (1310 words)

	UN adopts resolution to end Lebanon war
		Israeli attacks killed 26 people in Lebanon on Friday, seven of them when a drone fired rockets at a convoy of hundreds of cars fleeing the south.
		Lebanon is due to deploy its armed forces throughout southern Lebanon as Israel withdraws.
		At the insistence of Lebanon, a reference was dropped from the resolution's final text to Chapter 7 of the U.N. Charter that permits a robust U.N. peacekeeping operation.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /world/2006-08/12/content_663270.htm (905 words)

	Israel fears war crimes prosecution after Lebanon war - Africa & Middle East - International Herald Tribune
		JERUSALEM Three weeks after a cease-fire ended Israel's monthlong war against Hezbollah guerrillas, Israel is increasingly concerned that government officials and army officers traveling abroad could face war crimes charges related to the country's actions in Lebanon, officials said Monday.
		Israel has said all of its actions were legal, and accused Hezbollah of hiding among civilians in Lebanon and deliberately targeting Israeli civilians in rocket attacks.
		"Today we have to understand that wars, political situations and military situations include many components, and that one of the components that have to be weighed is international law." he said.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/09/04/africa/ME_GEN_Israel_War_Crimes.php (545 words)

	The Lebanon War
		Syria, which permitted Lebanon to become a haven for the PLO and other terrorist groups, brought surface-to-air missiles into that country, creating yet another danger for Israel.
		The initial success of the Israeli operation led officials to broaden the objective to expel the PLO from Lebanon and induce the country's leaders to sign a peace treaty.
		For Arab residents of south Lebanon, PLO rule was a nightmare.
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/History/Lebanon_War.html (1678 words)

	Israel/Lebanon War
		While some Biblical scholars equate this future war with the Battle of Armageddon (at the end of the Tribulation Period), or Satan's last stand after the thousand-year reign of Christ (Revelation 20), it is more likely the same as the world war of Revelation's Second Seal (Revelation 6:3-4 - at the beginning of the Tribulation).
		Lebanon wants to send their army to the south to maintain peace, but will only do so after Israeli forces have left Lebanon.
		Lebanon put its offers on the table: pledging up to 15,000 troops to a possible peacekeeping mission in southern Lebanon and saying Hezbollah's days of running a state within a state would end.
	www.bible-prophecy.com /warisrael-lebanon.htm (4753 words)

	Amazon.com: Israel's Lebanon War: Books: Ze'ev Schiff,Ehud Ya'ari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Since the book was published shortly after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, the authors should consider publishing an updated version that should cover the period of Israeli occupation thereafter and the consequent withdrawal in 2000.
		Without doubt this is the definite account of the 1982 war in Lebanon, although the reader who is more interested in the military aspects of the campaign should read also Samuel Katz's excellent "Israeli Tank Battles".
		Similarly, they (correctly) denounce Sharon's underhanded activities during the war, keeping the government in the dark about his activities, but then in 2004 when Sharon used undemocratic, dishonest procedures to betray his promises about not destroying the Jewish communities in the Gaza district, they suddenly claim he is a great, far-sighted leader.
	www.amazon.com /Israels-Lebanon-War-Zeev-Schiff/dp/0671602160 (2913 words)

	The Arabist » Lebanon war readings
		On top of this we must not forget that millions of dollars’ worth of critical infrastructure has been destroyed all across Lebanon — major roads, the airport, etc. Lebanon is a country that is largely dependent on trading and commerce.
		The US and UK say they are planning the evacuation of their citizens from Lebanon and are sending emergency rescue warships.
		The issue is in fact very simple: Lebanon is a sovereign state and a soverreign state cannot accept that the existence of armed militia.
	arabist.net /archives/2006/07/16/lebanon-war-readings (4687 words)

	Israel Loses Lebanon War - IRIS Blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		But the main smuggling routes between Syria and Lebanon, sites very well known to Israeli intelligence, were essentially off limits to the Israeli Air Force because Olmert didn't want his army operating too close to Syria for fear it would bring Damascus into the conflict.
		Olmert had repeatedly vowed the war would only stop after Hezbollah returned the abducted Israeli troops, and now the prime minister is ending the war without even vague promises of the soldiers' assured safety or indications they are alive.
		They will be emboldened to continue their war against Israel and U.S. troops in Iraq at a fevered pitch.
	www.iris.org.il /blog/archives/1794-Israel-Loses-Lebanon-War.html (739 words)

	Amazon.com: The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (Cornell Paperbacks): Books: Itamar Rabinovich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		After the Israeli withdrawel from Beirut Lebanon became a Syrian colony accept for the south which was jointly contested by israel and Shia Islamists, and the north which was largely given over to the Maronites.
		Itamar Rabinovich's The War for Lebanon is by far one of the most authoritative works on the Lebanese civil war.
		Perhaps an updated version with the war's conclusion and perhaps some analysis of the aftermath of the war are currently needed.
	www.amazon.com /War-Lebanon-1970-1985-Cornell-Paperbacks/dp/0801493137 (1293 words)

	War in Lebanon: Israel Confronts Hezbollah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Leading experts addressed the consequences of the recent fighting, the implications for attempts to revive the Middle East peace process and the impact of recent developments on U.S. foreign policy.
		Pascual offered a series of recommendations to preserve a stable and democratic Lebanon, including better coordinating assistance; helping Lebanon's leaders build their own reconstruction team; and increasing transparency.
		Leading regional experts address the fighting in Lebanon between Israel and Hezbollah and approaches to stopping the conflict.
	www.brookings.edu /comm/infocus/israel_lebanon.htm (686 words)

	Lebanon War Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Here you will find one of the largest collections of fl and white, and colour images of the war in Lebanon.
		The photographs, from various sources, from 1958 to 1990 are presented over the following pages and should be viewed in conjunction with reading the section on the Lebanese war.
		Strife and bloodshed spread to South Lebanon and reports of railroad sabotage and dynamiting of bridges were received in Beirut.
	www.cedarland.org /warpics.html (296 words)

	DEBKAfile - Lebanon War Diary
		The lion’s share is destined for six pro-Syrian factions in Lebanon in preparation for the forcible overthrow of Fouad Siniora’s anti-Syrian government in Beirut, should his adherents in Beirut, spearheaded by Hizballah and his Maronite Christian general Michel Aoun, fail to attain power by political machinations.
		On Yom Kippur, Oct. 2, 24 hours after the last Israeli soldier left South Lebanon and the day before UNIFIL published its rules of engagement, Hizballah placed roadblocks on all the approaches to the central sector of the South and the entrances to the towns and villages reoccupied by its forces and their rocket units.
		Maybe he is right; the politicians and military leaders still hope to get away with the blunders of the Lebanon war, although their responsibility is in plain sight and the subject of discourse in every part of the country, except where it counts.
	www.debka.com /section.php?cid=42 (1060 words)

	The New Yorker : fact : content
		Israel believed that, by targeting Lebanon’s infrastructure, including highways, fuel depots, and even the civilian runways at the main Beirut airport, it could persuade Lebanon’s large Christian and Sunni populations to turn against Hezbollah, according to the former senior intelligence official.
		Clark, who retired from the military in 2000 and unsuccessfully ran as a Democrat for the Presidency in 2004, took issue with the analogy: “If it’s true that the Israeli campaign is based on the American approach in Kosovo, then it missed the point.
		Her initial support for the Israeli air war against Hezbollah has reportedly been tempered by dismay at the effects of the attacks on Lebanon.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/articles/060821fa_fact (3934 words)

	Defense Tech: Lebanon War Lessons Learned
		In fact, from the moment that Israel ended its last military occupation of Lebanon in 2000 until the explosion of the current war on July 12, UN observers report that there was not a single casualty as a result of a confirmed rocket attack by Hezbollah on civilian targets in northern Israel.
		Israel is politically roiled by public dissatisfaction with the monthlong Lebanon war.
		The public has been surprised by the inconclusive outcome of the campaign, frightened by unintended consequences like the surging popularity of Hezbollah, and angry that Israel's vaunted military has been shown to be less than all-powerful.
	www.defensetech.org /archives/002692.html (840 words)

	Israel intensifies Lebanon attacks - Mideast/N. Africa - MSNBC.com
		BEIRUT, Lebanon - Israel continued its furious military campaign against Lebanon’s main airport, highways, military bases and other targets Friday, retaliating for scores of Hezbollah guerrilla rockets that rained down on Israel and reached as far as Haifa, its third-largest city, for the first time.
		It shattered the relative calm in Lebanon that followed Israel’s pullout from its occupied zone in south Lebanon in 2000 and the withdrawal of Syrian forces last year.
		“If the government of Lebanon fails to deploy its forces, as is expected of a sovereign government, we shall not allow Hezbollah forces to remain any further on the borders of the state of Israel,” Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz said.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/13823680 (838 words)

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