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Topic: Lebanon crisis of 1958

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	Lebanon, country, Asia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Lebanon did not enter the Oct., 1973, Arab-Israeli War, nor did the Lebanese army interfere with Palestinian guerrillas operating in S Lebanon.
		Lebanon became embroiled in civil war among the Christians, Muslims, and Palestinians from early 1975 to late 1976.
		The blatant meddling in Lebanese affairs caused a governmental crisis in Lebanon, eventually resulting in the resignation of Hariri’s government and the appointment of Omar Karami as prime minister; Karami had served as prime minister from 1990 to 1992.
	www.bartleby.com /65/le/Lebanon.html (2514 words)

	Lebanon, Lebanese, Maronites, Beirut - The Peace Encyclopedia
		Lebanon was divided between a pro-Arab, mostly Islamic camp, which supported the Palestinians, and a Lebanese nationalist, Christian inspired camp, opposed to the dilution of the country's historic identity.
		Lebanon continues to labor under the burden of Syrian occupation of its national territory resulting in control of its political and economic life and continued conflict in southern Lebanon.
		Lebanon is such a valuable prize, and an Israeli withdrawal may ring the bells for a Syrian withdrawal long overdue under the Taif terms.
	peace.heebz.com /lebanon.html (6179 words)

	Lebanon crisis of 1958 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lebanon crisis of 1958 was a Lebanese political crisis caused by political and religious tensions in the country.
		U.S. Marine in a foxhole during the Lebanon crisis of 1958
		The presence of the troops successfully quelled the opposition and the U.S. withdrew its forces on October 25, 1958.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lebanon_crisis_of_1958 (582 words)

	Untitled
		The crisis of 1958 was a case in point, Nasser's Egypt was asserting its leadership in the Arab arena by attempting to punish and subdue regional enemies.
		The Lebanese conflict, which broke out in the spring of 1958, had internal, regional, and international dimensions, all closely related to one another.[12] It is only by surveying events in Lebanon up to the 1958 crisis and examining these three dimensions that the Lebanese war can be understood.
		They portrayed the conflict as a struggle between pro-Western Lebanon and radical Arab nationalism, which was allied with communism.[33] In three separate statements in May, Chamoun, Solh, and Malik accused the UAR of interfering in Lebanon's internal affairs with the intention of overthrowing its democratically-elected government.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br5/gergesbr5pt1.html (3575 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lebanon, because of her delicate internal situation, attempted to play the honest broker between the two camps.
		After the crisis between BLT 2/2 and the Lebanese troops was resolved, Lieutenant Colonel Jenkins was able to settle the differences between Company L and the Lebanese Army detachment on the beach road.
		There was a precarious political situation in Lebanon and also a real fear on the part of the loyalist supporters of Chamoun for the safety of his life and for the independence of the country.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/usmchist/lebanon.txt (16709 words)

	The Crisis in Lebanon deepens
		Before we deal with the role of previous American administrations regarding the presence of Syrian troops in Lebanon and the aims of Bush, we should deal with some aspects of the history of imperialism in Syria and Lebanon - the same forces of imperialism that are now so concerned with the Lebanese.
		Lebanon is in crisis that began with UN resolution 1559 that was approved under the pressure of the US and France.
		The crisis in Lebanon is reflecting the new political situation following the occupation of Lebanon and the close relations between Israel and the US.
	www.marxist.com /MiddleEast/crisis_lebanon_deepens.htm (2378 words)

	DEJA DISASTER: LEBANON 1958 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The government of Lebanon was unique because its virtual existence was determined by the willingness of diverse religious groups and clans to honor the terms of an oral covenant agreed to by the major Muslim and Christian leaders some twelve years earlier.
		Lebanon's authorities, most of whom were Christian, insisted on two things: maintaining the country's autonomy and cooperating with the West.
		The degree of risk was to increase markedly in 1958 as a crisis situation evolved.
	www.combatreform.com /lebanon58.htm (7393 words)

	Untitled
		Lebanon's significance does not lie in its strategic or economic position, but in the solidarity and cohesiveness of its people and the willingness of the Lebanese to coexist in peace and harmony.
		Diary, 14 July 1958; Memorandum for Record, 15 May 1958, p.2; Memorandum of conversation with the President, Department of State, subject: Lebanon, 15 June 1958, p.4; and Eisenhower to Paul Hoffman, 23 June 1958, p.2.
		The Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, 20 June 1958; Memorandum of a Conversation, Washington, 30 June 1958, in Ibid, p.186.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br5/gergesbr5pt3.html (3545 words)

	Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors?: Israel and Lebanon after the Withdrawal
		It was a humiliating affront to Lebanon's territorial sovereignty and absolutely unacceptable to Syria, Lebanon's power broker, which forced the accord's abrogation in March 1984.
		From that tragedy the "Four Mothers" group was born, a grassroots movement initiated by four mothers of sons serving in Lebanon, with the goal of compelling the government to withdraw all Israeli troops from Lebanon.
		For Lebanon, the most important result of the withdrawal has been the complete evaporation of IDF and SLA forces from Lebanese territory and the termination of armed conflict between them and Hizballah within the now defunct security zone.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2000/issue3/jv4n3a2.html (8557 words)

	Lebanese Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The multi-sided Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises after the end of Lebanon's administration by the Ottoman Empire and was exacerbated by the nation's changing demographic trends, Christian and Muslim inter-religious strife, and the involvement of Syria, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
		In February, with Begin's input, Yehoshua Seguy, the chief of military intelligence, was sent to Washington to discuss the issue of Lebanon with Secretary of State Alexander Haig.
		Lebanon in Crisis: Participants and Issues (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East) Haley P. Edward, Snider Lewis W. Lebanon: Fire and Embers : A History of the Lebanese Civil War by Hiro, Dilip (1993) (ISBN 0-312-09724-7)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War (6924 words)

	Pawcatuck
		In November 1962 she was deployed to the Caribbean for support to U.S. Naval units involved in the Cuban Crisis blockade effort.
		Early 1963 was spent in Boston for overhaul and by June she had returned to the Mediterranean and 6th Fleet operations.
		In late April she was ordered south to the vicinity of the Dominican Republic to support Navy units during the crisis in that area.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/p3/pawcatuck.htm (521 words)

	AIRLIFT IN THE DOMINICAN CRISIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Army participation was conducted by USAREUR under the February 1958 revision of its Emergency Plan (EP) 201.
		Since combat did not develop in Lebanon, Force BRAVO, a second airborne battle group and the advance headquarters of the task force (1,723 personnel) never left its station in Germany.
		The absence of opposition, and the underlying problem of whether such contingency forces should be supplied by USAREUR or STRAC in the United States, were factors in the Lebanon operation.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/abnops/tabd.htm (588 words)

	Lebanon & Jordan 1958 [Archive] - Marine Corps Community for USMC Veterans
		In May and June 1958 unrests spread in Lebanon, a country that became independent from France in 1946, and the situation soon boiled into a civil war.
		During the 1958 cruise on board USS Saratoga, VF-32 was the second unit within the CAG, and therefore had to designate its aircraft with serials 201 and up, and the Orange-Yellow trim colour.
		In Lebanon, new elections were organized in September and a new government under the President Fuad Chahab was successful in restoring peace and order.
	www.leatherneck.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-15143.html (2788 words)

	Amazon.com: U.S. Intervention in Lebanon, 1958 and 1982: Presidential Decisionmaking: Books: Agnes G. Korbani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This work examines and contrasts U.S. decisions concerning military intervention in Lebanon in 1958 and 1982, and how the decisions made by Presidents Eisenhower and Reagan resulted in certain outcomes and avoided others.
		A pair of chapters cover the 1958 intervention, beginning with a survey of the 1955-57 period and the circumstances that shaped U.S. responses, followed by a discussion of how the decision to intervene was formulated and why the action took the form it did.
		The 1982 interventions are the focus of the next chapters, which review President Reagan's intervention objective, the regional issues that influenced the decision to intervene, and the rationale behind the move.
	www.amazon.com /U-S-Intervention-Lebanon-1958-1982/dp/0275936821 (743 words)

	Tony Cliff: Middle East Crisis (1958)
		The interests of the eight companies have been closely woven together by joint ownership of subsidiaries, which are the actual operating companies in the productions transportation, refining and marketing of oil.
		The strategic importance of Egypt to imperialism was emphasized by the British Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Field Marshal Slim, in his conversations with the Egyptian Premier, Nahas Pasha, in the summer of 1950: “Anyone who wants to hold the Middle East must hold Egypt...
		And now, in pursuance of this policy, US troops are in Lebanon and British troops have invaded Jordan.
	www.marxists.org /archive/cliff/works/1958/08/mideast.htm (2988 words)

	Lebanon Crisis 1958 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On 14 July 1958, following a turn for the worse with serious rioting in Beirut, Lebanese President Chamoun requested U.S. assistance.
		On the same day there was a coup in Iraq that overthrew a pro-Western government.
		Here is a link to the “official” description of the crisis.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Bunker/2170/lebanoncrisis.html (114 words)

	Negwagon
		With the diminishing volume of shipping following the conclusion of World War II this tug, now reclassified a YTB, was released and joined the Columbia River Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet in March 1947.
		Reactivated during the Lebanon crisis of 1958 Negwagon soon steamed westward again.
		Though reactivated during the Lebanon crisis of 1958 Negwagon soon steamed westward again.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/n3/negwagon.htm (230 words)

	Covert Action - Middle East - Other
		The United States and the 1958 Lebanon Crisis.
		This success was in no small part due to the "reach and accuracy" of the intelligence gathered through the United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL), in competition with the CIA.
		He is strongest on Iran and Lebanon, weakest on Cuba and Laos, and includes no studies of intervention by the Soviets, Chinese, British, or French."
	intellit.muskingum.edu /covertaction_folder/cameother.html (393 words)

	John Howard Gano, Captain, United States Navy
		He was Alexandria Port Liaison Officer during the evacuation of American nationals from Egypt in November 1956, and participated in the Lebanon Crisis in 1958.
		Captain Gano was in the Navy from the early 1940s to 1967, when he retired as commanding officer of the explosive ordnance disposal facility in Indian Head, Maryland.
		He served in the Pacific during World War II and helped evacuate American nationals from Egypt during the Suez crisis of 1956.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /jhgano.htm (823 words)

	COL. RAY SCHRECENGOST, Member Roadrunners Internationale
		This was the first Tactical Air command (TAC) Composite Air Strike force deployment for an actual contingency: The Lebanon Crisis of 1958.
		This two-week deployment lasted four months based at Incirlik, Turkey where "training missions" were flown in combat over Lebanon.
		Detachment commander of the RF-101 unit during the 1958 Lebanon Crisis.
	www.roadrunnersinternationale.com /schrecengost.html (1416 words)

	FRUS \| E-Volume Released
		Eisenhower's personal representative during the Lebanon Crisis of 1958.
		He was appointed as Minister (EEMP) to Romania in 1958, and was promoted to Career Minister in 1959.
		In 1961, he was named Ambassador to Norway, by coincidence, replacing the first female ambassador, Frances Willis.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/item/2006/0406/stam/stamps.html (639 words)

	Biographies : BRIGADIER GENERAL ROLAND J. BARNICK
		History was made at the South Pole when unprecedented paradrops of supplies and equipment were completed to the American Scientific Station.
		During the Lebanon crisis in 1958, General Barnick's Task Force airlifted military units and equipment to the troubled area to help preserve the peace.
		His aircraft and crews established records throughout the world by moving tons of cargo and passengers on short notice in support of national policy.
	www.af.mil /bios/bio.asp?bioID=4611 (747 words)

	RED HORSE COUNTRY by SMSgt Robert "Andy" Anderson (retired)
		In the 1960s, Air Force Civil Engineers responded to several emergency situations and the growing American commitment in Southeast Asia and, as a result, stressed the Air Force contingency capability necessary to respond worldwide.
		The Lebanon Crisis of 1958, Berlin Crisis of 1961, and Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 demonstrated a need for mobile civil engineer teams ready for immediate deployment to perform construction work during wartime or other emergencies.
		A HQ, USAF study group recommended that Prime BEEF (Base Engineer Emergency Force) teams be created to respond worldwide when needed.
	www.angelfire.com /fl/554ceshr (1188 words)

	S-3 Viking of VS-31 "Topcats" photo - Keith Robinson photos at pbase.com
		In the years to come, the squadron would conduct operations on the following carriers: WRIGHT, PALAU, SIBONEY, ANTIETAM, WASP, ESSEX, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, LEXINGTON, TARAWA, VALLEY FORGE, YORKTOWN, INTREPID, FORRESTAL, SARATOGA, INDEPENDENCE, DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, GEORGE WASHINGTON, and JOHN C. The Topcats have a long history of being called upon in times of conflict.
		In 1956, the squadron, embarked in USS ANTIETAM, was tasked by Commander, Sixth Fleet for ASW support during the Suez Crisis.
		Additionally, while embarked in WASP, VS-31 provided ASW coverage during the Lebanon Crisis in 1958 and also during the Berlin Crisis in 1962.
	www.pbase.com /image/38639921 (1459 words)

	Asian and African Studies 1/2000
		The Lebanese conflict of 1958 – like other crises in the postwar Middle East – had closely internal, local, and international dimensions.
		Only by examining these three sources and by surveying the whole landscape can the Lebanese crisis and the following civil war be understood.
		On the domestic front, a struggle for power between the opposition and President Kamil Sham
	www.sav.sk /journals/aas/aas100.htm (1622 words)

	19th Air Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It moved to Seymour Johnson AFB, NC, three years later.
		Made up of fighter, reconnaissance and airlift assets, the 19th responded to the Lebanon crisis in 1958, when the United States sent in forces to sustain a pro-Western government after a conflict in Iraq threatened to spill across the border.
		The next time the 19th girded its forces was during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, when the United States blockaded Cuba to prevent ships from the Soviet Union from docking and forced the removal of Soviet missiles from the island.
	www.zianet.com /jpage/airforce/history/naf/19af.html (410 words)

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