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Topic: Lechuguilla Cave

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Carlsbad Caverns National Park

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Natural Resources: Lechuguilla Cave
		Lechuguilla Cave was known until 1986 as a small, fairly insignificant historic site in the park's backcountry.
		Since 1984, explorers have mapped 100+ miles of passages and had pushed the depth of the cave to 1,567 feet, ranking Lechuguilla as the 5th longest cave in the world (3rd longest in the United States) and the deepest limestone cave in the country.
		Lechuguilla Cave surpassed its nearby sister, Carlsbad Cavern, in size, depth, and variety of speleothems, though no room has been discovered yet in Lechuguilla Cave which is larger than Carlsbad's Big Room.
	www.nps.gov /cave/lech.htm (486 words)

	Lechuguilla Cave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lechuguilla Cave is, in 2006, the sixth longest cave (116 mi, or 187 km) known to exist in the world, and the deepest in the continental United States (489 m, or 1604 ft), but it is most famous for its unusual geology, unparalleled formations, and pristine condition.
		One of the longest horizontal walkways in the cave.
		Chandelier Ballroom - This is one of the best-known chambers in Lechuguilla Cave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lechuguilla_Cave (5079 words)

	Bruce Goes to Lechuguilla
		Lechuguilla Cave is in the Guadalupe Mountains of southern New Mexico, inside Carlsbad Caverns National Park.
		Lechuguilla was formed when hydrogen sulfide gas, created by massive oil fields which lay deep below the surface, rose through the limestone and mixed with still water to form sulfuric acid, eating the cave away from the bottom up.
		A cave pearl is a grain of dirt that is continually hit with drops of water, which carry calcite in suspension.
	www.mohodisco.com /lech (3766 words)

	Scientists use Lechuguilla cave to test theories of life on Mars
		Lechuguilla is the deepest limestone cave in the United States, according to Park Service cave specialist Jason Richards.
		That means the cave had been isolated from the surface environment for at least 2 million years, and possibly much longer, a closed environment where microorganisms have developed unique survival mechanisms, says Kim Cunningham, a consulting geologist who has studied Lechuguilla.
		Scientists use petri dishes and microscope slides to try to capture and cultivate the cave organisms, often leaving the petri dishes in place in the cave for long periods of time because keeping the organisms alive outside the cave is so difficult.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/111796/scientis.htm (880 words)

	Lechuigilla Information
		Lechuguilla Cave holds the record for being the deepest cave in the United States.
		Lechuguilla was first discovered in 1986 when some cavers decided to investigate the bottom of a 90 ft/27m deep pit called Misery Hole.
		The cave is strictly protected because of all the delicate, never-before-seen crystal formations that could be damaged by inexperienced and careless people.
	www.extremescience.com /Lechuigillainfo.htm (616 words)

	NOVA \| Mysterious Life of Caves \| Journey into Lechuguilla \| PBS
		Lechuguilla's entrance was a rectangular hole 70 feet deep and wide enough to swallow a truck.
		The massive gypsum deposits lining Lechuguilla's limestone walls had suggested to some geologists that its tunnels were carved not by runoff flowing from the surface—as was long considered the case with all limestone caves—but by strong chemical reactions between ancient groundwater and hydrogen sulfide rising from a deep subterranean source.
		These creatures had played a role in shaping the strange beauty of the cave, just as their ancestors had governed the courses of the ancient sulfur springs that had carved its passages.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/caves/journey.html (2512 words)

	ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Carlsbad Cavern
		In addition to the very real perils of cave exploring—pits and chasms, tight squeezes, incomprehensible maze-like passages, and the terrible darkness—caves were also said to house gargoyles, evil spirits, fire-breathing dragons, and other various and sundry spooks.
		Caves are places that can offer us silence, beauty, mystery, and peace—perhaps in stark contrast to the everyday world in which we live.
		In addition to seeing the sights of a cave, people today seek understanding of the cave environment—the cave life, the speleothems, the processes that formed the cave, and the impacts that could harm it.
	www.sciencemaster.com /jump/earth/carlsbad.php (1020 words)

	The Giant Crystal Project : Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico
		Lechuguilla cave was discovered in 1986, when cavers dug open a hole in a long known depression near Carlsbad Cavern in New Mexiko, which was long ago mined for salpeter.
		Lechuguilla is - together with Kap-Kutan and a few much smaller caves - a member of the rare class of caves leached by sulphuric acid solutions.
		Limestone, the major host rock for cave formation, is normally slowly dissolved by slightly carbonated water and hence cave formation is mostly a slow process.
	giantcrystals.strahlen.org /america/lechuguilla.htm (429 words)

	Mines Magazine Feature Article
		Lechuguilla Cave, named for a blue-green plant in the agave family found in the surrounding area, is located in the Guadalupe Mountains of southern New Mexico on national park land.
		In the mid-1950s, a park ranger visiting the cave noticed a strong wind blowing through rocks at the back of the cave and recorded his observation in a report.
		The discovery of Lechuguilla Cave caused enormous excitement among the caving community, but six months after it was penetrated, in-fighting among various parties interested in exploring the cave caused the park to close it for a year.
	www.csmaa.mines.edu /alumni/mag_features_200001/spelunking.htm (906 words)

	SUBTERRANEAN FIELD STUDIES IN LECHUGUILLA CAVE, NEW MEXICO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Caves and their associated subterranean features cannot be so easily visualized because they are hidden from the “view” of most surface image recording technologies.
		The exploration and documentation of Lechuguilla Cave is an exceptional example of the value of speleological fieldwork in karst science.
		The cave quickly grew in length and depth and became known as the deepest limestone cavern in the United States and ultimately fourth in length for U.S. caves.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003SC/finalprogram/abstract_50360.htm (475 words)

	Cave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cave inhabiting animals can be categorized as troglobites (cave limited-species), troglophiles (species which can live their entire lives in caves, but also occur in other environments), trogloxenes (species which utilize caves, but must leave the caves to complete their life cycle) and accidentals.
		Aquatic troglobites (or stygobites), such as the endangered Alabama cave shrimp, live in bodies of water found in the caves and are fed by detritus washed into the caves, and by the feces of bats and other cave inhabitants.
		Because of the fragile nature of the cave ecosytem, and the fact that cave regions tend to be isolated from one another, caves harbor a number of endangered species, such as, for example the Tooth cave spider, Liphistiidae Liphistius trapdoor spider and the Gray bat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cave (1678 words)

	Lechuguilla Cave Virtual Tour - Take a Virtual Tour of Lechguilla Cave at Carlsbad Caverns National Park
		Lechuguilla Cave is now considered to be much more extensive than its sister, Carlsbad Cavern, in size, depth, and variety of speleothems.
		Since 1986, explorers have mapped 100+ miles of passages and have explored the depth of the cave to 1,604 feet, ranking Lechuguilla as the 6th longest cave in the world (4th longest in the United States) and the deepest limestone cave in the country.
		Its stated goals are: to promote exploration and documentation of caves and karst areas, initiate and support cave and carst research, aid in cave conservation and protection, and to assist with the interpretation of caves and karst to the public.
	www.360parks.com /lechuguilla_cave_virtual_tour.shtml (454 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - Nature 03/01/2005
		Lechuguilla is a winding, twisting underground maze, which has yet to be completely explored and mapped.
		To date, some 101 miles of the cave have been explored and mapped, and the deepest part of the cave reaches a depth of 1632 feet.
		Lechuguilla is a warm, dry cave: almost unheard of, and its for this reasons that the breath-taking crystal formations have not dissolved in water.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/science/nature_20050103.shtml (532 words)

	Caving
		We were grouped in teams of 4 with the purpose of surveying new areas of the cave, which currently consists of 80 plus miles of known passage.
		Already one of the largest caves in the world, it is suspected that the Lechuguilla cave system is much larger what has already been explored and mapped.
		In a cave, a misplaced footstep or a muddy hand-print lasts forever and not only ruins a natural masterpiece, but quite possibly can be damaging to the fragile underground ecosystem.
	www.bigwalls.net /climb/Cave.html (1506 words)

	Caves of the United States: Lechuguilla
		Lechuguilla Cave is the deepest and the fourth longest limestone cave in the United States.
		Lechuguilla Cave is called the most beautiful cave of the World, as it is full of speleothems and troglobionts found nowhere else in the world.
		But still there is a drawback: the caves are extremely fractile, as especially the selenite formations may be destroyed even by slightest changes in humidity.
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/caves/Lechuguilla.html (281 words)

	Federal Cave Resources Protection
		The term ''speleothem'' means any natural mineral formation or deposit occurring in a cave or lava tube, including but not limited to any stalactite, stalagmite, helictite, cave flower, flowstone, concretion, drapery, rimstone, or formation of clay or mud.
		The term ''speleogen'' means relief features on the walls, ceiling, and floor of any cave or lava tube which are part of the surrounding bedrock, including but not limited to anastomoses, scallops, meander niches, petromorphs and rock pendants in solution caves and similar features unique to volcanic caves.
		Information concerning the specific location of any significant cave may not be made available to the public under section 552 of title 5 unless the Secretary determines that disclosure of such information would further the purposes of this chapter and would not create a substantial risk of harm, theft, or destruction of such cave.
	cavingintro.net /fed_cave_law.html (3292 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		Lechuguilla Cave in southeastern New Mexico is an awesome place.
		It is the deepest cave in the United States, extending 450m below the surface.
		Lechuguilla was pretty much sealed off from the world above until 1986, when a group of cavers broke through the entrance pit and began to chart more than 140km of passages.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/1997/12/09/04.asp (347 words)

	Microbially Influenced Corrosion
		Lechuguilla Cave, an immense, ancient cave in near pristine condition, contains sulfur, iron, and manganese deposits and extremely low nutrient environments harboring diverse microbial life.
		We are investigating the nature of the unusual microorganisms present, the means by which they adapt to their extreme environment, the energy sources that they use, and the overall level of biological activity of the communities.
		Using SEM, we are scanning samples of corrosion residue from Lechuguilla Cave and Spider Cave, and punk rock.
	www.i-pi.com /~diana/slime/corrosion (432 words)

	[No title]
		Those actions shall include (but need not be limited to) - (1) identification of significant caves on Federal lands: (A) The Secretary shall prepare an initial list of significant caves for lands under his jurisdiction not later than one year after the publication of final regulations using the significance criteria defined in such regulations.
		(2) regulation or restriction of use of significant caves, as appropriate; (3) entering into volunteer management agreements with persons of the scientific and recreational caving community; and (4) appointment of appropriate advisory committees.
		In the case of a second or subsequent violation, the punishment shall be imprisonment of not more than 3 years or a fine in accordance with the applicable provisions of title 18, or both.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/16C63.txt (2877 words)

	Geotimes October 1999 News Notes
		Penny Boston, professor of biology at the University of New Mexico, collects samples from Lechuguilla Cave, N.M. Boston is part of a study of the cave’s rare microbes and their unique habitats.
		Before May 1986 Lechuguilla was known as a small, insignificant cave mined in the early 1900s for minimal amounts of bat guano.
		So researchers who have been studying the cave since the 1980s began looking for life in the cave’s pools and eventually expanded their search into deep, unexplored passages after the pools revealed an abundance of life.
	www.geotimes.org /oct99/newsnotes.html (3554 words)

	What life looks like on Mars? - The Natural Moment - microorganisms of Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico - Brief Article ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He was thrilled to be among a small party of cavers allowed to map an arm of Lechuguilla Cave in southern New Mexico, the deepest cave in the continental United States.
		This stunning cave is populated by a spectacular array of microorganisms.
		His photograph of orange flowstone was made in the western branch of Lechuguilla Cave, near Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico, during a mapping expedition at the site (see his Web site at www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_8_112/ai_108551804 (371 words)

	Photos from Lechuguilla Cave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		His exhibition of twenty-one photographs of Lechuguilla has been on display at the Department of Interior Museum in Washington, DC, the Carlsbad Municipal Museum, NM, the Carlsbad Caverns National Park Visitors Center and the American Cave Museum in Horse Cave, Kentucky.
		Dave manages a web-graphics design house from his residence in California (http://www.goodearthgraphics.com) and also has a web site devoted to his excellent collection of cave photographs from around the world, including many from Lechuguilla Cave, at http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/under_earth.html.
		The pillar stands in the middle of the Western Borehole and is a well-known landmark to travellers in the cave.
	www.diskdrive.com /deepsecrets/html/photos_from_lechuguilla_cave.html (745 words)

	Deep Secrets: The book of Lechuguilla Cave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lechuguilla Cave is over 114 miles long and is the 6th longest cave in the world.
		Look here for links to other caving sites, for other books about caving, and where to go to get involved in caving.
		One famous author has said “Lechuguilla Cave makes for an adventure that covers the full range of human ingenuity, perseverance, physical stamina, competition, and cooperation.” Read what others have had to say.
	www.diskdrive.com /deepsecrets (195 words)

	VADOSE-ZONE INFILTRATION VELOCITIES: EVIDENCE FROM LECHUGUILLA CAVE POOL RADIOISOTOPES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lechuguilla Cave (Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico) is the deepest limestone cave in the United States.
		Sixteen samples from the Entrance Series, the Western Borehole and the Near East regions of the cave have been analyzed for chlorine-36, an isotope with a low cosmogenic background and an elevated "bomb-pulse" signal due to atmospheric nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s.
		The model, applied to as-yet-unsampled pools in Lechuguilla’s North Rift and Southwest Region, predicts that bomb-pulse chlorine-36 will be detected at Moonbeam, Dilithium, Tower Place, Atlantis and Aqua Velvet Pools, but not at Yo Acres, Lake Margaret, Pearlsian Gulf, Voids or Briny Pool.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001RM/finalprogram/abstract_6132.htm (357 words)

	Lechuguilla Cave Protection Act
		This Act may be cited as the 'Lechuguilla Cave Protection Act of 1993.
		Congress finds that Lechuguilla Cave and adjacent public lands have internationally significant scientific, environmental, and other values, and should be retained in public ownership and protected against adverse effects of mineral exploration and development and other activities presenting threats to the areas.
		There is hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act: Provided, That no funds shall be made available except to the extent, or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
	www.delrioabogados.com /Espeleolex/lechugui.htm (294 words)

	Rocky Mountain Caving
		Colorado's 4 by 2 Caves - by Doug Medville
		Rocky Mountain Caving at the 1996 Convention: A Biospeleogical Perspective - by David A. Hubbard, Jr.
		Caving in Russia - by Andrei A. Semikolennykh
	www.coloradocaves.org /rockymountaincaving.html (8646 words)

	Communication breakdown over drilling near Lechuguilla Cave; National Park Service Natural Resource Year in Review 1996
		The law withdraws lands in the cave protection zone from future mineral leasing and prohibits new drilling on existing leases.
		After the law was passed, Yates Energy Corporation promptly sued the Bureau of Land Management claiming the cave protection zone and drilling restrictions amounted to a takings of their minerals, but the case never got to court.
		The National Park Service again drew on its cave resource management and oil and gas expertise, and urged the strictest "standard" drilling stipulations to be reinstituted as cave protection measures.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /YearinReview/yr_rvw96/chapter1/comm_brk.htm (606 words)

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