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	Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paul Émile (François) Lecoq de Boisbaudran (April 18, 1838 - May 28, 1912) was a French chemist born in Cognac.
		In 1874 he wrote Spectres lumineux, spectres prismatiques, et en longeurs d'ondes destines aux recherche de chimie minerale, which was published in Paris by Gauthier-Villars and was one of the first descriptions of the new science of spectroscopy developed by Kirchhoff.
		Lecoq contributed further to the development of the periodic classification of elements by proposing, soon after its discovery, that argon was a member of new, previously unsuspected, group of elements, later to become known as the noble gases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Emile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran (272 words)

	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Biography / Biography of Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran History of ...
		Boisbaudran was born into a well-to-do family of wine merchants in Cognac, France, on April 18, 1836.
		Boisbaudran recognized the new element from the properties of its compounds and its spectral lines, but never obtained the element itself in pure form.
		Boisbaudran's health began to fail after 1895, and he produced relatively few discoveries in the last two decades of his life.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-paul-emile-lecoq-de-boisbaudran-wsd (443 words)

	Gallium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Later that year he was able to obtain the element by itself by sending an electric current (electrolysis) through the compound in which it was found in order to separate the element from other substances.
		Lecoq de Boisbaudran was then able to study the element to obtain more information about it.
		The name gallium was chosen for this element in honor of France, Lecoq de Boisbaudran's country.
	www.icydays.org /gallium/history.html (321 words)

	Page Title
		Born in Cognac, France in 1838, Boisbaudran grew up in a supportive family whose watchwords were, according to Sir William Ramsay, "justice, kindness, and the sense of personal responsibility." Boisbaudran owed his early education to his mother, who, as the educated daughter of an army officer, taught her son classics, history, and foreign languages.
		One of Boisbaudran's early contributions occurred in 1869, the same year that Mendeleev published his first periodic table of the elements, when he recognized that in addition to chemical similarities, certain groups of elements exhibited physical similarities in their spectra.
		Boisbaudran continued his spectroscopic investigations, concentrating on rare earth elements, and he is credited with the discovery of dysprosium, and samarium.
	www.s-a-s.org /epstein/oldbook/page2.html (948 words)

	Biography of Lecoq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		De Boisbaudran was unusual in that he did not hold an academic position during his career.
		Later, when more ore was available, de Boisbaudran was able to prepare 62 grams of metallic gallium.
		In later years, de Boisbaudran was associated with the discovery of samarium (1875), dysprosium (1886), and gadolinium (1889).
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu /lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/lecoq.htm (152 words)

	Modern Application of Lecoq de Boisbaudran's Drawing Method (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lecoq suggests that artists learn to draw curved lines by setting points and connecting them with straight line segments.
		An important point Lecoq makes is that the artist in the action of drawing looks at the subject and retains it in memory before drawing it on paper.
		In his book Lecoq also emphasizes the importance of choosing the right subject matter and gradually increasing the difficulty of the subject matter as the student becomes ready for an increased challenge.
	www.myamericanartist.com /americanartist/online_exclusive/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000604116 (1775 words)

	62 Samarium
		In 1886 Lecoq de Boisbaudran proved mosandra was a mixture or Terbium and Marignac's Yα (Holmium).
		Later was shown that Lecoq's Samarium was a mixture of Samarium and Europium.
		In 1886 Lecoq de Boisbaudran produced a more pure form of Yα and named it Gadolinium.
	www.vanderkrogt.net /elements/elem/sm.html (1464 words)

	Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1858 Lecoq de Boisbaudran began working in the family wine business, though he pursued scientific studies in his spare time.
		When Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered gallium, he found it had the predicted properties of eka-aluminum, and thus it was the first of Mendeleyev's elements to be uncovered.
		More results on "Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9047575 (720 words)

	The history of Maroger(Page 1)
		He says that with each succeeding generation of art students, less of the full body of Lecoq de Boisbaudran's teaching is passed on.
		Hahn's copy, in French, of Lecoq de Boisbaudran's The Training of Graphic Memory and the Forming of an Artist is well-thumbed, remembered, and honored.
		In The World of Rodin (Time-Life Library of Art, New York, page 39) the method taught by Lecoq de Boisbaudran is described: "Combining precise study of a subject with freedom from rote in reproducing it, the method required a pupil to observe a plaster cast or an old engraving, for example, with the utmost diligence.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /ehuntress/Article.html (5014 words)

	::: Stair Sainty Gallery ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Boisbaudran was renown for his innovative form of teaching whereby he would encourage his pupils, the most famous being Henri de Fantin-Latour (1836-1904), to paint en plein air and only after this step attempt to recreate the scene in the artist’s studio from memory.
		Boisbaudran’s teaching was in line with the Naturalism of Courbet, which influenced the Barbizon movement as well as the Impressionists.
		In 1898 Cazin was asked to complete the murals of The Pantheon, the former church of Sainte Génevieve, which, after the Revolution, had been transformed into a secular place of remembrance and burial ground for many of France’s greatest literary figures, including Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau.
	www.europeanpaintings.com /html/bio.asp?numcol=204 (466 words)

	29. The First 'Electronic Computer' in Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1875 the French scientist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran made an important report to his colleagues.
		Being an experienced investigator, he studied the properties of gallium (such was the name of the "newborn" element) in all their aspects, and wrote a paper about them.
		In the brief letter the French chemist read that his correspondent agreed in full with his results, except for one detail: the specific gravity of gallium should be 5.9 instead of 4.7.
	www.todayinsci.com /stories/story029a.htm (256 words)

	66 Dysprosium
		The rare earth erbia, as described by the Swedish chemist Nils Johan Berlin (see Erbium) was examined by Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878 and by Per Theodor Cleve in 1879 Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 89 (1879), p.
		This new earth was impure too and split by François Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886 into true holmia and a new oxide, which he named dysprosia Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 102 (1886), p.
		Lecoq described in 1886 the elements Zα and Zβ, the former probably identical with Dysprosium Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 102 (1886), p.
	elements.vanderkrogt.net /elem/dy.html (339 words)

	Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Magazines and Newspapers for: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile
		Manet and the Family Romance and Body, Place, and Self in Nineteenth Century Painting.
		Pictures and Maps for: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-L1ecoqdeB1.asp (82 words)

	AllRefer.com - Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran[pOl AmEl´ lukOk´ du bwAbOdrAN´] Pronunciation Key, 1838–1912, French discoverer of the elements gallium, samarium, and dysprosium.
		He also made contributions in the field of spectroscopy, including his experimentation with the rare-earth metals.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Boisbaud.html (148 words)

	Schiller And Bodo: European Paintings: Rooftops, Coast of Normandy - Schiller And Bodo
		In 1863, he enrolled in the Ecole Supérieure de Dessin, studying under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1802-1897).
		He was recommended by his former teacher Lecoq de Boisbaudran for a teaching position at the École Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris in 1866.
		He was nominated for the post of Director of the École de Dessin and Curator of the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Tours in 1868.
	www.schillerandbodo.com /view_image.html?image_no=145 (1048 words)

	Cazin, Jean Charles - Fine Art Dealers Association
		Souvenir des dunes de Wissant at the Salon des Refuses and enrolled in the Ecole Gratuite de Dessin, studying under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
		It was at this time that he met Bonvin, Fantin-Latour, Legros, Ribot and L’hermitte and was recommended by Lecoq de Boisbaudran for a teaching position at the Ecole Speciale d’Architecture in Paris.
		Throughout this time he continued to receive the support of his professor and was nominated for the post of Director of the Ecole de Dessin and curator of the museum in Tours (the school at Tours trained many local artisans for the surrounding industries).
	fada.com /browse_by_essay.html?essay=219&gallery_no=2&artist_no=2836 (761 words)

	Page Title
		I asked, "Is this the oldest book on spectroscopy?" because a brief online biography of Boisbaudran (click here) said it "must be one of the earliest texts on spectroscopy".
		Although "Traite de Physique" is a landmark publication, containing much spectroscopy related material - it covered many other topics and should not qualify as the first book devoted to spectroscopy.
		Epstein's report on Boisbaudran follows (click here), followed by samples of plates from the book (click here).
	www.s-a-s.org /epstein/oldbook (529 words)

	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lecoq de Boisbaudran had to get into this list - what a name.
		Asimov presents an alternative theory on the choice of a name for the new substance: Lecoq is French for a cockerel and the Latin equivalent is gallus.
		In 1874 he produced what must be one of the earliest texts on spectroscopy: Spectres lumineux spectres prismatiques et en longeurs d'ondes destines aux recherche de chimie minerale, published in Paris by Gauthier-Villars.
	orac.sunderland.ac.uk /~hs0bcl/h_lb.htm (225 words)

	Auguste Rodin: The Age of Gold (63.92.3) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Black chalk and traces of white chalk on gray paper; 18 7/16 x 12 in.
		Redolent of the eighteenth century in both subject and technique, the drawing reflects Rodin's meticulous training in the traditions of French eighteenth-century draftsmanship under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran at the École Impériale Spéciale de Dessin et de Mathématiques, now the École Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs.
		Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who ultimately became the director of the "Petite École," as it was popularly known, strongly opposed the academic training practices that were current at the École des Beaux-Arts in the 1850s.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/rodn/hod_63.92.3.htm (201 words)

	Encyclopedia: Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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	Timeline of chemical element discovery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ytterbium discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.
		Samarium discovered by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
		Dysprosium discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery (658 words)

	Auguste Rodin - Biography
		Auguste Rodin is born in Paris as the second child of Jean-Baptiste Rodin, an employee of the Préfecture de Police (later Inspector), 38 years old, and Marie Cheffer, 34 years old.
		At the age of 14, he becomes a student at the former Petite École in the Quartier Latin, now named the École Impériale Spéciale de Dessin et de Mathématiques; in the class of Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran he permanently makes drawings e.g.
		During his work for the Théatre des Gobelins, he meets the pretty seamstress Rose Beuret; she becomes his model and companion through life.
	www.rodin-web.org /bio/bio_long_1.htm (737 words)

	Cazin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During this year he exhibited Souvenir des dunes de Wissant at the Salon des Refusés and enrolled in the Ecole Gratuite de Dessin, studying under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
		It was during this time that he met and established friendships with Bonvin, Fantin-Latour, Legros, Ribot and Lhermitte and was recommended by Lecoq de Boisbaudran for a teaching position at the Ecole Speciale d'Architecture in Paris.
		Throughout this stage he continued to receive the support of his professor and was nominated for the post of Director of the Ecole de Dessin and curator of the museum in Tours (a school that trained many local artisans for the surrounding industries).
	www.modjourn.brown.edu /Image/Cazin/Cazin.htm (704 words)

	ERBACH - LoveToKnow Article on ERBACH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yttria is an exceedingly complex mixture, which has been decomposed, yielding as an intermediate product terbia.
		This latter substance in its turn has been split by J. Soret, P. Cleve, Lecoq de Boisbaudran and others into erbia, holmia, thulia and dysprosia, but it is still doubtful whether any one of these four splitting products is a single substance.
		The rare earth metals are found in the minerals gadolinite, samarskite, fergusonite, euxenite and cerite.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/ER/ERBACH.htm (459 words)

	Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
		Lecoq discovered "Eka aluminum" (gallium) in 1875 four years after its existence was predicted by Mendeleyev and, therefore, proved the usefullness of the periodic table.
		Leqoc was also influential in advancements in spectroscopy and spectroscopic techniques, devoting much effort to the spectra of the rare earth metals.
		Paper by Lecoq de Boisbaudran on discovery of gallium
	webpub.alleg.edu /employee/g/grodgers/ScientificTravelingWebsite/Boisbaudran.html (273 words)

	M. Ford Creech Antiques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was also recommended by Lecoq de Boisbaudran for a teaching position at the Ecole Speciale d'Architecture in Paris.
		Cazin reorganized the school according to his training with Lecoq de Boisbaudran, as a result, becoming interested in the industrial arts.
		In 1890, the Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts was founded, primarily a result of the divergence of the traditional academic painters and the younger painters with freer ideas of expression.
	www.mfordcreech.com /cazin.html (830 words)

	artnet.de: Resource Library: Legros, Alphonse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He is said to have been apprenticed at the age of 11 to a sign-painter, at which time he may also have attended classes at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Dijon.
		He soon became a pupil of Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran, whose methodical instruction and liberality in fostering individual talent proved of lasting benefit to Legros.
		During this period Legros had a taste for early Netherlandish art and for French Romanticism, which was later superseded by his admiration for Claude, Poussin and Michelangelo.
	www.artnet.de /library/05/0501/T050109.asp (272 words)

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