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	Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leeuwenhoek's interest in microscopes and a familiarity with glass processing led to one of the most significant, and simultaneously well-hidden, technical insights in the history of science.
		Amongst Van Leeuwenhoek's many discoveries are: In 1674 he discovered infusoria (dated zoölogical category,) in 1676 he discovered bacteria, in 1677 he discovered spermatozoa and in 1682 he discovered the banded pattern of muscular fibers.
		It was only 200 years later when Charles Darwin incorporated van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries of microscopic life as a key element of his theory of evolution that it was first recognized that van Leeuwenhoek's findings might lend support to any challenge to traditional Church doctrine on the origins of life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leeuwenhoek (1373 words)

	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (www.whonamedit.com)
		Leeuwenhoek's research on the life histories of various low forms of animals were in opposition to the doctrine that they could be produced spontaneously or bred from corruption.
		Leeuwenhoek was particularly attentive to the blood vessels and the blood.
		Leeuwenhoek also carefully studied the history of the ant and was the first to show that what had been reputed to be ants' eggs, were really their pupae, containing the perfect insect nearly ready for emergence, and that the true eggs were much smaller and gave origin to maggots, or larvae.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/1593.html (3705 words)

	Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van - Britannica.com
		Leeuwenhoek made microscopes consisting of a single, high-quality lens of very short focal length; at the time, such simple microscopes were preferable to the compound microscope, which increased the problem of chromatic aberration.
		A friend of Leeuwenhoek put him in touch with the Royal Society of England, to which, from 1673 until 1723, he communicated by means of informal letters most of his discoveries and to which he was elected a fellow in 1680.
		Leeuwenhoek also carefully studied the history of the ant and was the first to show that what had been commonly reputed to be ants' eggs were really their pupae, containing the perfect insect nearly ready for emergence, and that the true eggs were much smaller and gave origin to maggots, or larvae.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /soes/staff/tt/nf/structure/eb_leeuwenhoek.html (869 words)

	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
		In 1668 van Leeuwenhoek paid his first and only visit to London, where he probably saw a copy of Robert Hooke's Micrographia (published 1665) which was in common circulation at the time, and which included pictures of textiles that would certainly have been of interest to the cloth merchant.
		Leeuwenhoek (who was one of the first to see spermatozoa) and another Dutch observer, Nicholas Hartsoeker (1656-1725) were 'animaculists' and described spermatozoa as containing perfectly formed humans.
		The memorial and grave of the Anthony van Leeuwenhoek is in the tower wall of the Oude Kerk in Delft, on the side of the northern aisle.
	essentialvermeer.20m.com /dutch-painters/dutch_art/leeuwenhoek.htm (2022 words)

	Antony van Leeuwenhoek
		Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft on October 24, 1632.
		Leeuwenhoek is known to have made over 500 "microscopes," of which fewer than ten have survived to the present day.
		Leeuwenhoek's skill at grinding lenses, together with his naturally acute eyesight and great care in adjusting the lighting where he worked, enabled him to build microscopes that magnified over 200 times, with clearer and brighter images than any of his colleagues could achieve.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/leeuwenhoek.html (1399 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Anton von Leeuwenhoek and his perception of spermatozoa
		Leeuwenhoek resumed his own observations and in his own semen—acquired, he stressed, not by sinfully defiling himself but as a natural consequence of conjugal coitus—observed a multitude of "animalcules," less than a millionth the size of a coarse grain of sand and with thin, undulating transparent tails (6).
		Leeuwenhoek initially wrote that he had observed the spermatozoa primarily in the thinner, fluid part of the semen around the thicker part, which, composed of vessels, was, in fact, too densely packed, he surmised, to allow the spermatozoa to move in it.
		Leeuwenhoek indicated that the "body"-that is, the head-of the spermatozoa he had drawn for the Royal Society was perhaps slightly thicker than the prominent vessels of the semen he had drawn, the smaller of which, however, were so small as to escape his sight.
	7e.devbio.com /printer.php?ch=7&id=65 (5596 words)

	Carolina Biological: Great Achievements in Science: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
		Leeuwenhoek was born on October 24, 1632, in Delft, Holland.
		Leeuwenhoek probably was introduced to the world of tiny things by using magnifying glasses to determine the quality of the cloth he sold.
		Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe them, and he also was the first to observe bacteria and red blood cells.
	www.carolina.com /achievements/leeuwenhoek.asp (792 words)

	A-Z Microscope
		Leeuwenhoek ground and polished a small glass ball into a lens with a magnification of 270X, and used this lens to make the world's first practical microscope.
		Leeuwenhoek actually constructed a total of 400 microscopes during his prolific lifetime.
		The magnification ratio of a single-lens microscope like the one invented by Leeuwenhoek is calculated in the same way as calculations are made for a simple magnifying glass.
	www.az-microscope.on.ca /history.htm (500 words)

	Carolina: Science Quizzes: Leeuwenhoek
		Leeuwenhoek was hooked on the microorganisms he saw in rainwater, tooth plaque, semen, pond scum, blood, and anything else he could observe through his microscopes.
		Leeuwenhoek was a scientist with an insatiable curiosity and was recognized as a Fellow by the Royal Society in England even though he had little formal education.
		Leeuwenhoek was not working for wealth or fame, but out of a sense of duty.
	www.carolina.com /quiz/leeuwenhoek.asp (383 words)

	Anton van Leeuwenhoek
		Anton van Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft, Holland, on October 24th 1632.
		Leeuwenhoek examined lake water which in summer, became cloudy, whereas in winter it was clear.
		Leeuwenhoek found that these were killed when he drank hot coffee.
	www.zephyrus.co.uk /antonvanleeuwenhoek.html (445 words)

	Leeuwenhoek
		In 1674 he began to observe bacteria and protozoa, his "very little animalcules," which he was able to isolate from different sources, such as rainwater, pond and well water, and the human mouth and intestine, and he calculated their sizes.
		The first representation of bacteria is to be found in a drawing by Leeuwenhoek in that publication in 1683.
		Leeuwenhoek's contributions to the Philosophical Transactions amounted to 375 and those to the Memoirs of the Paris Academy of Sciences to 27.
	www.spaceship-earth.org /Biograph/Antonvan.htm (897 words)

	WAW Moll Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
		Maar wellicht het belangrijkste is dat van Leeuwenhoek (hij kon geen Latijn) in een niet wetenschappelijke en nog steeds zeer leesbare taal zijn bevindingen beschreef in zijn "ONTDEKKINGEN".
		Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe (or rather descibed) the phenomenon of conjugation in Vorticella, though he misunderstood the process: erroneously he considered the nucleus to be "Ovaria".
		The surname "Leeuwenhoek" was adopted by Antonie on account of the fact that his father was the owner of a house at the corner of the Leeuwenpoort (Liongate) at Delft.
	www.euronet.nl /users/warnar/leeuwenhoek.html (11570 words)

	Wikinfo \| Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was a tradesman and scientist from Delft, in the Netherlands.
		He is best known for his contribution to improvement of the microscope and his contributions towards the establishment of cell biology.
		Using his handcrafted microscope he was the first to observe and describe muscles fibres, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries (small blood vessels).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek (450 words)

	Antony van Leeuwenhoek, "Inventor of the Microscope" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Leeuwenhoek was from a family of tradesmen and lived the life of a tradesman for most of his life.
		When Leeuwenhoek took up his practice of grinding lenses and making microscopes, he increased the resolution from twenty to thirty times of the conventional microscope to over 200 times.
		While Leeuwenhoek did not invent the microscope, he rather took the design of the compound microscope of the day and developed it to be much more powerful.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edse456/apt/vignettes/microscope.htm (379 words)

	Red Gold . Innovators & Pioneers . Anton van Leeuwenhoek\| PBS
		Anton van Leeuwenhoek was born on Oct. 24, 1632, at Delft.
		In 1654 van Leeuwenhoek returned to Delft and married Barbara de Mey, who was to bear him five children.
		In 1660 van Leeuwenhoek was appointed chamberlain to the sheriffs of Delft, an office which he held for 39 years.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_leeuwenhoek.html (663 words)

	Talk:Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		What I understand from Talk:Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is that the consensus was to move this article from Van Leeuwenhoek's official Dutch name (Antoni) to the name that is closest and most recognizable in modern English.
		You have also apparently visited this certain website, and as a result of your visit there, you have decided that the conclusions of this contact person from the Royal Society were probably correct in his or her assessment of the situation.
		I guess this "socalled letter" of mister H. Oldenburg ("doubting the discoveries of Van Leeuwenhoek, and giggling") is a "joke" and I was misguided, indeed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek (3404 words)

	Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Biography / Biography of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1450 To 1699: Life Sciences and Medicine Biography
		Leeuwenhoek also studied the structure of the optic lens, striations in muscles, the mouthparts of insects, and the fine structure of plants.
		Leeuwenhoek's microscopic research on the life histories of various low forms of animal life was in opposition to the doctrine that they could be produced by spontaneous generation.
		Leeuwenhoek became famous because of the dramatic nature of his discoveries.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-anton-van-leeuwenhoek-scit-0312 (715 words)

	ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft on October 24,1632.
		Leeuwenhoek discovered many more things like sperm cells, blood cells, and he also was the first to look at foraminifera.
		Leeuwenhoek became famous because his letters were published.
	www.cdps.k12.ms.us /chs/telef026/second.htm (377 words)

	Glass-sphere microscope
		None of Leeuwenhoek's colleagues had the idea of observing anything different to textiles, maybe because they did not think there was anything else worth looking at.
		Leeuwenhoek's first advance was to move his attention from textiles to natural objects.
		Leeuwenhoek was able to produce very little lenses by polishing them manually, using abrasive powders.
	www.funsci.com /fun3_en/usph/usph.htm (3954 words)

	Rocky Road: Leeuwenhoek
		Leeuwenhoek's observations soon attracted the attention of the Dutch diplomat Sir Constantijn Huygens.
		It proved to be the beginning of a fruitful correspondence between Leeuwenhoek and the Royal Society, one that lasted nearly 50 years, in which Leeuwenhoek produced hundreds of papers.
		Leeuwenhoek's determination was matched by his lack of squeamishness.
	www.strangescience.net /leeu.htm (540 words)

	Red Gold . Innovators & Pioneers . Anton van Leeuwenhoek\| PBS
		Van Leeuwenhoek's curiosity was insatiable, and he examined everything he could with his microscopes, ranging from samples of about 200 biological species to mineral objects; he even attempted to observe the explosion of gunpowder.
		His description of the blood capillaries in the intestine in 1683 was accompanied by comments on a different type of capillary which contained "a white fluid, like milk"; he had discovered the lymphatic capillaries.
		Van Leeuwenhoek also discovered parasitic protozoa, describing the flagellate Giardia in a sample of his feces, which also contained bacteria which can be identified as Spirochaeta.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_leeuwenhoek2.html (588 words)

	TeachNet -- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
		Jan Vermeer, a famous painter, was born in Delft in the same year and on the same day as his good friend, van Leeuwenhoek.
		Leeuwenhoek, please tell us when you were born.
		Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: I was born on October 24 in 1632.
	www.teachersnetwork.org /dcs/timetrav/vanlee (1535 words)

	Scientist Profiles/Antony van Leeuwenhoek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Antony van Leeuwenhoek did not have much education nor was he rich but with skill.
		Leeuwenhoek learned to grind lenses and made simple microscopes.
		Leeuwenhoek could not draw very well but he took in describing whatever he placed under the lens in great detail.
	www.sciencetrek.net /vanLeeuwenhoek.htm (116 words)

	Leeuwenhoek's microscope
		His microscope was very simple, but his skill at grinding lenses made it superior to many of the compound microscopes used previously.
		It is not nearly as strong as Leeuwenhoek's lenses, but it is the same spherical shape, and will magnify at about 2x or more.
		The most critical part is the lens, which should be mounted so that the distance from its center to the tip of the skewer is equal to the focal length.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Physics/Optics/OpticalInstruments/Microscope/Leeuwenhoeks/Leeuwenhoeks.htm (1049 words)

	Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Biography / Biography of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek History of Scientific Discovery Biography
		Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is best remembered as the first person to study bacteria and "animalcules," or one-celled animals, now known as protozoa.
		Unlike his contemporaries Robert Hooke and Marcello Malpighi, Leeuwenhoek did not use the more advanced compound microscope; instead, he strove to manufacture magnifying lenses of unsurpassed power and clarity that would allow him to study the microcosm in far greater detail than any other scientist of his time.
		In addition to his business, Leeuwenhoek was appointed to several positions within the city government, which afforded him the financial security to spend a great deal of time a
	www.bookrags.com /biography-antoni-van-leeuwenhoek-wsd (279 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Leeuwenhoek, Antony van (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		LEEUWENHOEK, ANTONY VAN [Leeuwenhoek, Antony van], 1632-1723, Dutch student of natural history and maker of microscopes, b.
		His use of lenses in examining cloth as a draper's apprentice probably led to his interest in lens making.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Leeuwenhoek, Antony van" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/l/leeuwenh.asp (296 words)

	Leeuwenhoek Microscope Research
		The collection of hand-made microscopes he bequeathed them were taken in the early 19th century, and attempts to determine their fate were hampered by official indifference.
		BJF, 1982, The Rotifera of Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Microscopy, 34 (5): 362-373.
		Analysis of Leeuwenhoek’s specimens for the microscope, Microscopical Society of Southern California lecture, Los Angeles, 1900h, 28 October.
	www.sciences.demon.co.uk /wav-spc.htm (2270 words)

	Diversa Corporation Scientific Advisor Karl Stetter, Ph.D., Honored With Leeuwenhoek Medal by the Royal Netherlands ...
		The Leeuwenhoek Medal was established in 1875 in honor of scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek following his invention of the microscope.
		Microbiology pioneer Louis Pasteur was honored with the prestigious medal in 1895 for solving the mysteries of rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera, and silkworm diseases and contributing to the development of the first vaccines.
		The last Leeuwenhoek Medal was granted to Dr. Carl Woese in 1992 for his work discovering the Archaea and defining the "third domain of life," once thought by scientists to be an unusual type of bacteria.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/11-25-2003/0002064880 (768 words)

	The discovery by Brian J Ford of Leeuwenhoek's original specimens, from the dawn of microscopy in the 16th century.
		The discovery by Brian J Ford of Leeuwenhoek's original specimens, from the dawn of microscopy in the 16th century.
		BJF, 1992, From Dilettante to Diligent Experimenter, a Reappraisal of Leeuwenhoek as microscopist and investigator, Biology History, 5 (3), December.
		James, J., 1994, Van Leeuwenhoek's Discoveries of 1677-1678 - A Look Too Far, Micron, 25 (1): 1-4, "Observations were made by holding the microscope close to the eye and illuminating it with a restricted cone of light (Brian J Ford, British Medical Journal, 1982, 285: 1822-1824)".
	www.brianjford.com /wavl-b1.htm (4939 words)

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