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Topic: Legal aspects of computing

	Association for Computing Machinery
		An important aspect of preparing your paper for publication by ACM Press is to provide the proper indexing and retrieval information from the ACM Computing Classification System (CCS).
		We need to have you prepare the categories and general terms for your paper because you are the expert on the contents of your paper.
		It is strongly recommended that you look through published issues of the journal in which your paper is to appear to see how papers on the same or related topics have been classified.
	www.acm.org /class/how_to_use.html (1145 words)

	Legal aspects of computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Solicitor Help Legal advice and information on a variety of legal aspects on the law in England.
		Archaeological Computing Newsletter Quarterly covering a wide range of aspects of computing in archaeology, produced by the Institute of Archaeology, Oxford.
		SIAM Journal on Computing Contains research articles on the mathematical and formal aspects of computer science and nonnumerical computing.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Legal_aspects_of_computing.html (996 words)

	Legal aspects of transsexualism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, this was not legally tested until the case of case of Corbett vs. Corbett, where Arthur Corbett attempted to annul his marriage to April Ashley on the grounds that transsexuals were not recognised in English law.
		Ormord J found that since Ashley had male gonads, genitalia and chromosomes at birth, her "true sex" was male at the time of her birth, and that her "true sex" could not be changed.
		Holding that the sex of a person for the purposes of marriage is their sex at the time of the marriage, he found Kevin to be a man within the ordinary, contemporaneous meaning of the word and declared his marriage was therefore valid.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/legal_aspects_of_transsexualism (3267 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health Care, Revised Edition (1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Assuming that hospitals include compliance with legal requirements in their feasibility analysis of computer-based patient information systems, the lack of national uniformity in the medical records requirements of state licensure laws and regulations applicable to institutional health care providers may be expected to retard development and marketing of new computer-based patient record systems.
		A serious legal barrier to full realization of the potential of computer-based patient records is the confusion and lack of clarity in some states' standards when they are applied to computer-based medical records.
		The greatest legal risk from computer-based patient record keeping comes from unauthorized access to record systems and from computer viruses and other sabotage, particularly in cases in which computer networks are used and there is telephone access to the patient information system.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309055326/html/200.html (6902 words)

	Lecture 6
		An interesting legal point is that no where in this act are the terms "computer", "program" or "data" defined, this was recommended by the Law Commission on the grounds that the pace of technological change would soon render such definitions outdated.
		It must be shown that the defendant intended to impair the operation of the computer, or to prevent access to any program or data, or to impair the reliability of such a program or data.
		The first major case brought under the Computer Misuse Act was heard at Southwark Crown Court in 1993, 3 men, one of them, Paul Bedworth, a computer science student at Edinburgh University, were accused of hacking into University systems all over the world and into the EC systems in Luxembourg.
	www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk /%7Erws/CS122/lecture6.html (4446 words)

	Legal Aspects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Legal expenses associated with forming a partnership are greater than those of a sole proprietorship but are less than for incorporation.
		This type of legal organization retains the liability protection of a corporation but permits a shareholder to apply business losses against ordinary income -- just as is allowed in a sole proprietorship or partnership -- thus avoiding the double taxation of the C corporation.
		The Limited Liability Company is a legal classification that combines the "pass-through" taxation that partnerships and S corporations enjoy, and also provides for personal limits on liability, as does a limited partnership or a corporation.
	www.uwrf.edu /cbe/sbdc/leglasp7403A.html (2376 words)

	Legal aspects of computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are many legal aspects to computing - some of which are listed below.
		The approach taken to these tends to vary greatly between jurisdictions.
		Computerized voting technology, from polling machines to internet and mobile-phone voting, raise a host of legal issues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Legal_aspects_of_computing (659 words)

	The University of Edinburgh: Legal Requirements
		Computing Services will isolate the WWW server to its local subnet on the network until the offending material is removed.
		Such images cannot be legally stored unless each data subject concerned has given permission, especially if they enable a data subject to be identified by gender, race or colour.
		It is important to note that, because of the trans-national nature of the Internet, an action which is legal in one country may transgress the laws of another.
	www.ed.ac.uk /help/regs/legal (1472 words)

	Computing Services: data rights and responsibilities
		Aspects of the rights and responsibilities of individuals and of the institution in relation to information
		Computing Regulations to protect its investment in Communications and Information Technology, and thereby to provide the best possible working environment for its staff and students.
		Computer Misuse Act 1990 seeks to curb the antisocial use of computers.
	www.ucs.ed.ac.uk /legalese (309 words)

	Legal aspects of computing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Legal aspects of computing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		There are also limits on the use of (The activity of converting from plain text into code) encryption and of equipment which may be used to defeat copy prevention schemes.
		- Greplaw is a news and discussion site for legal and computing issues.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Le/Legal_aspects_of_computing.htm (581 words)

	Why EMAG is Pursuing the Legal Aspects of the Equitable Crisis
		It is easy entirely to misunderstand the legal position, and the cost and other consequences for the members and for the Society.
		I believe that EMAG should encourage the Society to test and clarify the immediate legal and regulatory framework, so that there is no land left for adventitious proceedings by others.
		When EMAG members understand where their legal entitlements lie, then they can take informed decisions on the forward management of their policies.
	www.emag.org.uk /documents/ahj.legalreview.14ja01.html (1499 words)

	Legal Aspects of Ice-Pick Testing - Bruce Gabrielson
		If an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her computer (hardware or software), there must be some legal safeguards put in place before a search and seizure of the computer or communications can take place.
		Note that even in situations where government employers or supervisors seek access to an employee's computer (or office, desk, etc.) There must be, in the absence of a warrant, a reasonableness determination and a balancing of the employee's privacy interests that will withstand judicial security.
		Computers that meet the National Computer Security Center's (NCSC's) trusting criteria have integrated safeguards into their operation such that only the users "trusted" to have access to the restricted data can actually gain access.
	www.blackmagic.com /ses/bruceg/legal.html (3073 words)

	Legal aspects of computing - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As of early 2004, open-source licences have not been tested in the courts.
		There are rules on the uses to which computers and computer networks may be put, in particular there are rules on unauthorised access, data privacy and spamming.
		Computerised voting technology, from polling machines to internet and mobile-phone voting, raise a host of legal issues.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Legal_aspects_of_computing (631 words)

	Museum of Computing, Swindon, Wiltshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Museum of Computing operates as a not-for-profit organisation, staffed by volunteers each expert in their field.
		He has written and lectured widely on legal aspects of computing and is regarded as one of the country’s leading experts in this field.
		He was head of the Computing Department at Rutherford Appleton laboratory for many years before retiring, initially to work for the World Wide Web Consortium.
	www.exaro.co.uk /museumtest/legal.htm (406 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Under the legal system in continental Europe parties who have reached an agreement on the essential elements of a deal can be considered to be bound by it, even if there is not yet a written and signed document.
		The legal core of the transfer of technology is constituted by a licensing agreement.
		The best way to solve it, and this is included in many legal procedures to be followed when contributions in kind are made, is to request an auditor's report on the value of the technology.
	www.bracquene.be /teksten/transfer_tech.html (11466 words)

	Legal Aspects of using Electronic Mail (email) to conduct business at the University of New England
		Misuse of the computing and communication facilities at the University of New England is subject to "the Commonweatlth Crimes Act of 1913, as amended, and/or other pieces of State or Commonwealth legislation" (RM12:5) (University of New England 1999b:5).
		From a legal and human resource perspective it is important that employers maintain a policy on email use and communicate it to employees in such a way that they are aware of the policy (Kollmorgan 2000:4)(RM22).
		The "UNE Rules for the use of UNE Computing and Communication Facilities" (University of New England 1999b:1) state that the computing and communication facilities provided by the University are to be used to "conduct bona fide academic and administrative pursuits" and the University may, in managing these facilities, "monitor files and usage".
	www-personal.une.edu.au /%7Etcooke/masters/580-Ass1.htm (4130 words)

	MCIS 623 - Legal and Ethical Aspects of Computing
		The modules are designed to cover each of the major areas of IT legal and ethical issues by including readings from the text, problems from the text, and case reviews.
		The purpose of the case study is to give the student the opportunity to evaluate a "real-world" situation where legal and/or ethical issues were addressed in the design, implementation, or application of information technology.
		The case study must include the interview of the individuals involved in the issue (i.e., a review of a published case study is insufficient for the assignment).
	www.scis.nova.edu /~cannady/MCIS623.htm (756 words)

	Museum of Computing, Swindon, Wiltshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Museum of Computing is devoted to the history of computing and digital development.
		The Science Museum is an enthusiastic supporter of the Museum of Computing, partly because it would give greater scope for the display of computing exhibits owned by the Science Museum.
		The first suggestion for a computer museum in Swindon was put forward by Jeremy Holt in 1989 and received encouragement from local computer companies during the next decade.
	www.exaro.co.uk /museumtest/vision.htm (631 words)

	Warwick: DCS: Modules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The aim of the module is to introduce students to the concept of professional ethics and behaviour, the place of computers in society and the legal aspects of computing.
		Professional bodies: Historic factors leading to their creation; evolution of UK professions and the roles of typical major bodies; typical structure, organisation and functions of a professional body; constitutional powers and legal status of bodies; statutory and regulatory functions; professional standards and disciplinary powers.
		Legal aspects of software: Overview of UK law; Data Protection Act; Copyright Designs and Patents Act; Computer Misuse Act; Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act.
	www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk /undergraduate/modules/cs122.html (241 words)

	Intute: Science, Engineering and Technology - browse Legal Aspects Of Computing (General) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		CPSR is a public-interest alliance of computer scientists and others concerned about the impact of computer technology on society.
		Ethics in Computing is a guide to topics such as privacy, intellectual property, computer abuse, commerce, social justice and speech issues.
		The International Journal of Law and Information Technology publishes articles on the application of computer technology to the law (including document drafting and case-flow management) and on computer law (including intellectual property rights, computer contracts, liability for defective systems and the legal implications of new technologies, such as telebanking and electronic data interchange).
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/cgi-bin/browse.pl?id=25296 (2143 words)

	Computers and Law
		Computer Litigation Journal, Vol V, No 4, Jan 1998, pp 17-23.
		C Cifuentes and A Fitzgerald, Introducing a Legal Strand in the Computer Science Curriculum.
		Computer, Vol 29, No 12, Dec 1996, pp 110-111.
	research.sun.com /people/cristina/legal-computing-publications.html (661 words)

	Legal Aspects of Network Privacy and Security for Business
		The computer network is the property of The First National Bank ("Company") and is to be used for legitimate business purposes.
		Company's computer network may not be used to disseminate, view, or store: commercial or personal advertisements other than those related to Company; destructive code (e.g., viruses, Trojan horse programs, etc.); obscene or indecent material; material racist in nature; any material prohibited by federal, state or local law; or any other unauthorized materials.
		The better advice, should it become necessary to undertake monitoring on any given employee, is to gather all you can from their computer and not even broach the email server unless you feel the information to potentially be gained is worth the risk.
	lowendmac.com /practical/01/1106.html (4010 words)

	The K-Zone: An introduction to the legal aspects of moving house
		Those lenders that are more flexible will still want to get legal advice to protect their own interests, the costs of which they will probably pass on to you.
		The first safeguard is that to transfer a `legal estate in land' (that is, a freehold or lease; of which, more later) the seller of the land must use a deed.
		As a technical matter, P does not become the legal owner of the property until the transaction is registered, even if all the other formalities are in place.
	www.kevinboone.com /movinghouse.html (6328 words)

	Legal Technology - Legal IT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A few years ago, building your own computer was the best way to get a machine tailored to your needs on the cheap.
		Considering the low prices and near-infinite customization on offer, the only reason to build a computer the old-fashioned way is to impress your friends.
		The firm is "on the leading edge of technology, not the bleeding edge," and has found a way to balance the needs of clients and lawyers, using technology to help attorneys get work done without being chained to a desk.
	www.law.com /tech (661 words)

	Legal Aspects of Philippines Real Estate
		This portion includes the fundamentals and legal aspects of Philippines real estate; from the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines to the opinions, comments, discussions and lectures as to how the specified legal principle can be practically used in actual real estate transaction.
		Factors for computing equal monthly amortizations at various interest rates & more.
		Copyright © 2007, Legal Aspects of Philippines Real Estate.
	www.cebuestates.com /legal-aspects (113 words)

	Criminal Justice
		Legal problems from conviction to release; pre-sentence investigations, sentencing, probation and parole; incarceration; loss and restoration of civil rights.
		Alcohol education — philosophy and background; physiological, and social aspects of alcohol use and abuse; social control measures; alcohol and public safety.
		In addition, attention will be given to the impact family violence has on the victim and society, legal aspects of family violence, key factors associated with recognition of family violence (especially child abuse), and pertinent research focusing on the subject.
	www.shsu.edu /catalog/cj.html (4054 words)

	Legal aspects of e-commerce
		In this connection, the assumption of other lawyers that there will be a jump in the development of international laws and intensification of their role in unifying national legislations has not proven to be correct.
		Such tendencies can be noticed in Europe because the European Council strives to create a uniform legal space including that of e-commerce and, as a result, to protect interests of e-commerce participants [1].
		The legal force of transactions depends on conditions, under which the state considers that or other deal capable of entailing related legal consequences.
	www.crime-research.org /articles/Belousov_sep (1392 words)

	CHAPTER 4. LEGAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION
		The calculation is done by the WTO Secretariat based on import statistics for a previous representative period on a tariff-line basis using the methodology used to compute the tariff offers in the Uruguay Round negotiations.
		On market access commitments, Crawford and Laird (2000) point to a potential conflict between the Uruguay Round methodology of computing arithmetic averages of tariffs to establish commitments in the agricultural sector and the import-weighted average of tariffs set out in the Understanding to Article XXIV to determine the WTO-consistency of an RTA.
		While, legally, there is no requirement on a member of an FTA to change its domestic tariff policy as a condition of membership, the issue may arise if a member raises its applied rate within its bound rate at the time of membership.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y4793E/y4793e08.htm (4500 words)

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