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Topic: Legal lexicography

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	Lexicography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theoretical lexicography is the scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the semantic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.
		A person devoted to lexicography is called a lexicographer, famously defined in Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755) as "A writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge that busies himself in tracing the original, and detailing the signification of words".
		Some use "lexicology" as a synonym for theoretical lexicography; others use it to mean a branch of linguistics pertaining to the inventory of words in a particular language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lexicography (364 words)

	Legal lexicography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a branch of the general discipline lexicography, legal lexicography may be divided into theoretical legal lexicography and practical legal lexicography.
		The result of practical legal lexicography is called a law dictionary.
		Legal lexicography is not just about terms, but also about language and usage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Legal_lexicography (264 words)

	Lexicography
		Theoretical lexicography is the theory or scholarly discipline[?] of analyzing and describing dictionaries.
		A person devoted to lexicography is called a lexicographer (which see for a list of some famous lexicographers).
		Some use that word as a synonym for theoretical lexicography, others use it for a branch of linguistics pertaining to the treasure of words in a particular language.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/le/Lexicography.html (160 words)

	Lexicography
		Lexicography is either of two things\nPractical lexicography* is the art or craft of writing dictionaries.
		Theoretical lexicography is the scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the semantic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language.
		dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g legal lexicography.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/l/le/lexicography.html (361 words)

	Legal-Matters.Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In France, the jurisprudence constante of the Cour de cassation (for civil and penal case s) or the Conseil d'État (for administrative case s) is in practice equivalent to case law, and is of considerable import in certain domains such as labor law or administrative law.
		Because court decisions in civil law traditions are brief and not amenable to establishing precedent, much of the exposition of the law in civil law traditions is done by academics rather than by judges, this is called doctrine and may be published in treatises or in journals such as Recueil Dalloz in France.
		Today academic writers can be cited in legal decisions as authority, often they are cited when judges are attempting to find reasoning that has yet to be adopted by any other court or because their restatement of the law is more compelling than the ratio of precedent.
	www.legal-matters.info /Case-law.html (843 words)

	Legalwriting.net: Garner on legal lexicography
		He's a leading teacher and scholar on legal writing, legal usage, and English usage, and he is also the editor in chief for Black's Law Dictionary.
		And he revealed that Black's is perhaps the most widely cited legal source today; appellate courts in the United States cited it nearly 2500 times last year.
		Traditional legal language tends to hide inconsistencies and ambiguities.
	www.utexas.edu /law/faculty/wschiess/legalwriting/2005/03/garner-on-legal-lexicography.html (264 words)

	Legal Translation
		The attribution of an equivalence to a legal term, for which no comparable concept exists in another legal system, can be the cause of ambiguities, confusion and all types of miscomprehension due to the effect the term in question produces in the reader of the translated text.
		As a result, in the field of legal translation, the major practical difficulty is that of deciding whether a concept is the same in two languages or whether it is different in terms of the consequences which ensue.
		Legal translators must look for juridical and linguistic equivalence of the terms of their speciality, without sacrificing one equivalence in favour of the other.
	www.accurapid.com /journal/09legal1.htm (1959 words)

	Legal Translation and the Dictionary
		The other is defined by activity: would-be creators of legal dictionaries for other languages of limited diffusion may benefit from Chromá's discussion of some of the issues peculiar to legal translation and lexicography, in particular the need to help bridge not just different languages but different legal taxonomies.
		Legal Translation and the Dictionary explains that the dictionary was not written in the abstract or with the idea of serving all users.
		In sharp contrast, the language of the law is replete with multi-word phrases and collocations and polysemes, and its concepts are inherently culturally and jurisdictionally bound.
	accurapid.com /journal/33legaldic.htm (1923 words)

	Latin Lexicography Project
		The Latin Lexicography Project (LLP) proposes to build a web-accessible Latin dictionary, initially populated by digitizing and harmonizing the markup of three important Latin lexica with coverage up to about 1200 CE, then growing ever more comprehensive through the assimilation of additional lexica and the web-based collaboration of a broad community of interested scholars.
		The disjointedness and incompleteness of Latin lexicography forces an unsatisfactory segmentation of a continuous linguistic tradition spanning 2500 years.
		This project challenges the present status of Latin lexicography as a notably balkanized field of study and publication by proposing an alternative framework that can over time lead to a uniquely comprehensive resource.
	www.rch.uky.edu /lexicography (577 words)

	Sandro Nielsen: Short annotated list of publications
		This is one of the chapters in the Manual of Specialised Lexicography, which is one of the results of a research project called "Translation of LSP Texts" sponsored by the Danish Research Council for the Humanities 1990-1993.
		The legal translation dictionary proper has to be designed so that it includes both encyclopedic and linguistic information, especially stylistic information about the legal usage of the languages treated by the dictionary.
		The optimum legal translation dictionary should contain separate chapters (components) that deal with the different linguistic aspects of legal translation across cultures, and it is much more than just a book containing a list of legal terms in the source language and their translation into the target language.
	www.sprog.asb.dk /sn/publikationer.htm (2378 words)

	legal translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Legal translation, interpreting and tape transcription in any language: certified translators, interpreters and court reporters; Hague and government forms for law firms and litigation; international service...
		Legal Translation services are available from WÃ©b-TrÃ¤nslatiÃ´ns from or to English and other...
		LTS or- Legal Translation Services is an Anglo-Japanese language service provider based in DÃ¼sseldorf, Germany, offering translations with special emphasis on legal documentation.
	www.macedonianchannel.info /translations-free/legal-translation.html (479 words)

	Legalwriting.net: Legal journal: Clarity
		Every issue is full of stories and examples of people working to convert legal documents into plain legal English.
		The use of numerals instead of text for numbers in all contexts--two articles (or should that be 2 articles?).
		One article was criticizing an earlier article that had advocated legal drafters' using numerals in all contexts.
	www.utexas.edu /law/faculty/wschiess/legalwriting/2005/03/legal-journal-clarity.html (350 words)

	Law Books December 2002 List Law Books
		The other is the permissible discretion thesis, which defends the compatibility of judicial discretion and legal indeterminacy with the legitimacy of adjudication in a constitutional democracy.
		Ernst applauds the dramatic improvement in the legal status of married women since the mid-19th century, but acknowledges that the struggle for equality is far from over.
		The second is a compilation of commentaries on Guttierez’ legal writings issued between 1710 an 1730 by the Sacred Roman Rota, a Papal tribunal that deals with all contentious cases, including criminal cases, that come before the Holy See.
	www.lawbookexchange.com /dec02/law-books-dec02-2.html (8025 words)

	More on Lexicography
		Here is free textual content related to Lexicography to utilize on your web site in accordance wi th the GNU license.
		* Theoretical lexicography is the scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the semantic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language.
		There is some disagreement on the definition of lexicology, as distinct from lexicography.
	www.artilifes.com /lexicography.htm (398 words)

	LLRX.com - Language and the Law: A Conference Review
		During the next panel, Morris Cohen, and George Grossman explained the history of legal lexicography since Rastell and the evolution of legal dictionaries.
		The topics covered, among others, the history and present state of legal lexicography, the role of dictionaries in the development of the law, the role of storytelling in the legal system, the plain language movement, and finally the role of law libraries in preserving the law.
		Additionally, the Jamail Center for Legal Research is in the process of publishing the proceeding papers from the conference.
	www.llrx.com /extras/language.htm (1039 words)

	legal translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		But legal translation doesn't need to be a bind - we have a wealth of experience...
		Entrusting the legal translation and revision of your documents to lawyers with legal and translation...
		Legal translation specialists in 157 languages providing accuracy at the highest level, plus as a free online translator for quick overviews.
	www.latingurus.info /bilingual/legal-translation.html (539 words)

	Legal Forms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sometimes they are also called notaries (not to be confused with notary public which is an individual who is licensed to act as a witness to certain transactions, take oaths and authenticate signatures).
		Legal practitioners are professionally trained in the United States at graduate schools of law leading to the J.D. degree (Juris Doctor).
		Secular law is the legal system of a non-theocratic government, such as that which developed in England, especially during the reign of Henry II Private law regulates relationships between persons and organizations including contracts and responsible behaviour such as through liability through negligence.
	www.nelsal.com /legaforms.htm (1352 words)

	More on Legal Form
		Law (a loanword from Danish-Norwegian lov), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules of conduct which mandate or proscribe (or both) specified relationships among people and organizations; as well as punishments for those who do not follow the established rules of conduct.
		o Secular law is the legal system of a non-theocratic government, such as that which developed in England, especially during the reign of Henry II o Private law regulates relationships between persons and organizations including contracts and responsible behaviour such as through liability through negligence.
		* Procedural law are rules and regulations found in an legal system that regulate access to legal institutions such as the courts, including the filing of private lawsuits and regulating the treatment of defendants and convicts by the public criminal justice system.
	www.eduhistory.com /legal-form.htm (1608 words)

	Article: Oyez, Oyez, "O yes" American Legal Language and the Influence of the French
		The establishment of political, ecclesiastical, and financial institutions in England, as well as a sense of nationhood and a flexible legal structure are, in some measure, attributable to William the Conqueror and his descendents of French and Norse heritage.
		Though Law French as a language of the court ceased to be used officially in the first third of the 18th century (370 years after Parliament barred the use of French in that body in 1362) many of the words that were a part of the language remain in current Anglo-American law.
		Words from Law French that are currently part of the legal lexicography include: attainder, demurrer, disclaimer, joinder, merger, ouster, remainder, remitter, render, reverter, and tender.
	www.michbar.org /journal/article.cfm?articleID=756&volumeID=59 (2220 words)

	History
		The Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques (ITTIG) came into being as a result of the reorganization of the Italian National Research Council - CNR set in motion by the Presidential Decree 15998 of 12/10/2001.
		The Institute for Legal Documentation had been set up in 1968 in order to continue the work of the Italian Legal Vocabulary Opus, one of the first projects promoted by the Committee for legal sciences of the CNR with the administrative and technical support of the Accademia della Crusca.
		From the 1980s on, its work was orientated specifically towards the documentation of Italian legal doctrine but subsequently it extended its competencies to cover the automatic documentation of legislation, of law, and of legal doctrine.
	www.ittig.cnr.it /Presentazione/Storia/IndexEng.htm (293 words)

	Contemporary Rabbinic Lexicography
		Following are examples that reflect the nature of these changes for the evolving craft of rabbinic lexicography.
		Sperber’s specialized study covers the Greek and Latin legal terms in rabbinic literature composed under Roman and later Byzantine rule, dating from roughly the first 500 years of the Common Era.
		His dictionary of approximately two hundred of the “well over three thousand Greek and Latin loan words” in the rabbinic corpus is restricted to legal terms and words that “clarify points of legal procedure.” The terms are given unvocalized and the explanations are in English.
	www.library.upenn.edu /exhibits/cajs/jastrow/12.html (829 words)

	SWALL Bulletin Spring 2002
		Inspired by the Millionth Volume, the conference organizers gathered a group of illustrious speakers to consider the practice of legal lexicography, the role of legal texts, and the use of legal language.
		Gary McDowell of the University of London examined dictionaries and legal language from the viewpoint of constitutional theory.
		She reported that a few fringe groups believe that the legal establishment concealed the true laws of the United States within Bouvier's 19th century law dictionary.
	www.aallnet.org /chapter/swall/bulletin/spring02/language.html (2003 words)

	Legal Lexicon and Narrative
		As noted by legal scholar Franklyn S. Haiman, theories of linguisticpragmatics have come to play a prominent role in evaluating arguments relating to the issue of protected speech (Haiman 1993).
		In previous articles, I have suggested that traditional approaches to the lexicography of speech act words have been inadequate insofar as they have failed to include a principled account ofthe microsociological reflexes of the words used to conventionally execute a given speech act, and I have suggested formal tools to remedy this inadequacy.
		In this article I review these tools available to the linguist in the capacity of expert witness, and demonstrate their particular efficacy in resolving certain issues in First Amendment theory using data from actual cases in which the scope of First Amendment protection is at issue.
	www.outreach.utk.edu /ljp/iafl/1997/abstracts/lexicon.htm (914 words)

	Law - Real Time & Delayed Quotes, Charts, News and Data for Futures, Stocks, Commodities and Indexes - TradeSignals
		Most laws and legal systems—at least in the Western world—are quite similar in their essential themes, arising from similar values and similar social, economic, and political conditions, and they typically differ less in their substantive content than in their
		One of the fundamental similarities across different legal systems is that, to be of general approval and observation, a law has to appear to be public, effective, and legitimate, in the sense that it has to be available to the knowledge of the
		Procedural law are rules and regulations found in a legal system that regulate access to legal institutions such as the courts, including the filing of private
	www.tradesignals.com /glossary/Law (1312 words)

	GlobaLex - Guide to Italian Legal Research and Resources on the Web
		In legal encyclopedias, individual subjects are subdivided into “entries”, set out in alphabetical order and containing an extended treatment of the single issues dealt with in relation to the various branches of the law.
		In general legal encyclopedias, the single topics of interest to the civil lawyer are also dealt with and subdivided under “headings”, set out in alphabetical order and containing a broad treatment of the individual themes being examined.
		Because they are the result of legal research, they play an essential role in setting out in a systematic fashion the problems dealt with on each occasion, proposing path for investigation and, sometimes, even methods and original solutions.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/italy.htm (6512 words)

	Antiquarian
		Crompton was a bencher of the Middle Temple during the reign of Henry VIII and the author of several notable contributions to the legal literature.
		Along with its legal significance, this item is interesting for its insights into Victorian mores concerning insanity, divorce and the status of women.
		He was particularly critical of the court and clergy during the reign of Charles I. His personality and choice of targets eventually led to his disbarment, imprisonment, and mutilation (loss of ears) by the Star Chamber.
	www.lawbookexchange.com /feb02sl/Feb02sl-2.html (8381 words)

	Legal terminology and the Roman Law tradition: computerized linguistic analysis and dictionaries of terminology
		Legal terminology and the Roman Law tradition: computerized linguistic analysis and dictionaries of terminology
		- analysis of Russian legal terminology, civil codes and constitutional bills (Agenzia 2000).
		ITTIG /Research/ /Legal terminology and the Roman Law tradition
	www.ittig.cnr.it /Ricerca/UnitaEng.php?Id=45&T=7 (264 words)

	legal translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Legal translation - revision by lawyers, saves you time and money.
		To ensure accurate legal translation, we check, and check again, every step of the way...
		Legal Translation Services - language translation services by Lingo24.
	www.malaynow.info /website-translations/legal-translation.html (527 words)

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