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Topic: Legal blindness

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	RRTC:Information and Resource Referral Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Legally Blind - "Central visual acuity 20/200 or less in the better eye with best correction or widest diameter of visual field subtending an angle of no greater than 20 degrees." - Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA).
		Blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60 (0.05) or corresponding visual field loss in the better eye with best possible correction.
		Legal Blindness - Visual acuity that cannot be corrected to better than 20/200 and/or restricted field vision less than 20 degrees.
	www.blind.msstate.edu /irr/def.html (797 words)

	Communication at CDC: Entertainment Education: Resources for TV Writers and Producers
		"Legal blindness" is defined as vision with best correction in the better eye worse than or equal to 20/200 or a visual field of less than 20 degrees in diameter.
		"Legal blindness" is significant in determining eligibility for disability benefits from the federal government, but it does not reflect the precise functional impairment and disability.
		Because most of the major blinding eye diseases do not have symptoms in their earlier stages, interventions are most useful before the disease begins to develop or in early stages of development.
	www.cdc.gov /communication/tips/blindness.htm (1169 words)

	Blindness Caused by Diabetes -- Massachusetts, 1987-1994
		Legal blindness is defined as a corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye or a field of vision of less than or equal to 10 degrees (3).
		For calculating the annual incidence and prevalence of blindness caused by diabetes among persons with diabetes, the denominator was the estimated number of persons with diabetes in Massachusetts; this number was derived from intercensal population estimates for the state and national estimates of the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the National Health Interview Survey **.
		For example, in Massachusetts from 1987 to 1994, the estimated mean survival of blind persons with diabetes from time of diagnosis of blindness to death increased from 6.8 years to 8.7 years, consistent with previous estimates of survival among persons with diabetes who are legally blind (6).
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044274.htm (1453 words)

	What is Blindness? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Legal blindness is visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees.
		Legal blindness can mean tunnel vision, no central vision, cloudy or extremely blurred vision, seeing just shadows, or no vision at all.
		Blind people succeed in the workplace because of access technology, special fixtures and equipment that compensate for various types of visual loss.
	www.nib.org /blindness.htm (344 words)

	Definition Of Legal Blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		A person is considered LEGALLY blind when the best corrected visual acuity is 20/200, or the person's visual field is 20 degrees or less.
		It is not true that all blind persons have absolutely no sight; in fact, most blind persons have some remaining vision.
		A person may be considered blind when he/she can no longer drive safely, has difficulty reading a newspaper, or cannot see objects to the side.
	www.icbvi.state.id.us /DEFBLIND.HTM (70 words)

	Eye information - Impairments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The term legal blindness is used by the Internal Revenue Service and others to determine whether you are eligible for disability benefits or for certain other benefits or services.
		You are legally blind if central vision in your better eye, with the best correction possible with contacts or glasses, is no better than 20/200, or if peripheral vision is no greater than 20 degrees diameter (10 degrees radius) in your better eye.
		On the other hand, you may be legally blind with respect to peripheral vision but be able to read even though you are not able to move about easily— especially in dim illumination such as at dusk or night time.
	www.eyeinfo.org /impair.html (2223 words)

	Willful Blindness Lawyers, Legal Information, Attorney Finder
		In today's legal system, a person usually must be found to have some kind of mental culpability for the crime before he can be punished.
		Willful blindness thus negates any defenses that the defendant did not have the required intent to commit the crime, or even know that he was committing the crime.
		The justification behind the idea of willful blindness is that an individual who strongly suspects that he is taking part in illegal activities and goes out of his way to ensure that he does not learn any specifics is just as morally blameworthy as one who already knows the specifics.
	www.legalmatch.com /law-library/article/willful-blindness.html (296 words)

	RRTC on Blindness and Low Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Nearly 30% of legally blind people, ages 18-69 combined, report that they are not limited in work due to their impairment.
		For older people, whether legally blind or other visually impaired, there is no difference in the extent of VR between those who are employed or not employed; for both groups, the levels are quite low.
		Turning to the most interesting group from the point of view of targeting policy and practice, that is the group of legally blind people who are in excellent/good health and have multiple impairments: even though they have the health advantage, their employment rate is only 30%.
	www.blind.msstate.edu /employment.html (6236 words)

	Wayfinding Curriculum Portal: Blindness
		I would say that blindness goes from no light perception to light perception, without object perception, but after that, it seems to me that it would be difficult to come up with a clear definition.
		"I think another important term to consider is "functional vision", which goes beyond the definition of legal blindness and illustrates the ability of a visually impaired individuals to use his or her remaining vision.
		Blindness: A visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the best correction and/or a visual field of 20 degrees or less.
	www.wayfinding.net /virtualblindness.htm (965 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In North America and most of Europe, legal blindness is defined as visual acuity (vision) of 20/200 (6/60) or less in the better eye with best correction possible.
		This means that a legally blind individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with the same degree of clarity as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet.
		The authors of modern educational materials (see: blindness and education for further reading on that subject), as well as those treating blindness in literature, have worked to paint a truer picture of blind people as three-dimensional individuals with a range of abilities, talents, and even character flaws.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Blindness (1980 words)

	About People Who are Blind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Legal blindness is defined as a visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees, and it manifests itself as tunnel vision, no central vision, cloudy or extremely blurred vision, just shadows, or no vision at all.
		The measurement of legal blindness, 20/200, means that a person who is blind must be 20 feet or closer to see an object that a person with normal visual acuity can clearly see at 200 feet.
		American Foundation for the Blind works to enable people who are blind or visually impaired to achieve equality of access and opportunity that will ensure freedom of choice in their lives.
	www.nib.org /about/about_people_who_are_blind.htm (918 words)

	Visual Impairments, Causes, and Treatments - Low Vision Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		However, as the level for diagnosis for legal blindness is 20/200 or a visual field of less than 20 degrees, many of the people within this category may be labeled legally blind.
		Legal blindness refers to a diagnosis of 20/200 or a visual field of less than 20 degrees.
		The Royal National Institute of the Blind (2002a) reports that additional symptoms may include a distortion of images especially at the center of the visual field; a darkened area in the center of an image; and diminished color perception.
	www.freedomscientific.com /low-vision-help/resources/visual_impairments.html (1939 words)

	Causes of Blindness - Statistics on Children with Visual Impairments - Lighthouse International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		A recent analysis of data indicates that vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of childhood blindness.
		It is estimated that between 1 and 4% of the childhood population is affected by strabismus, and 1 to 2% suffer from amblyopia (National Eye Institute, 1993).
		Among children under 5 years of age, prenatal cataract is the leading cause of legal blindness, accounting for 16% of all cases (National Society to Prevent Blindness, 1980).
	www.lighthouse.org /educ_stats4.htm (1121 words)

	Prevent Blindness America - Legal Disclaimer
		The information provided on Prevent Blindness America's Web site is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient and his or her doctor.
		Prevent Blindness America and its affiliates do not intend that this web site serve as a complete resource for eye health, eye care or eye safety information, or as a substitute for professional eye care advice.
		While Prevent Blindness America does recommend a variety of eye health and safety measures and practices, please be aware that the organization does not conduct testing or certification of any products, services or merchandise.
	www.preventblindness.org /disclaim/index.html (381 words)

	Accessible Pedestrian Signal (APS) - Blindness and Vision Loss
		Legal blindness refers to central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the best possible correction, as measured on a Snellen vision chart, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less.
		A person who is legally blind sees at approximately 20 feet what a person with 20/20 vision sees at 200 feet, or is able to see no more than a 20-degree field without scanning.
		Thus, if they are looking at a pedhead, they are unlikely to be visually aware of vehicles that may be disobeying the signal, or turning across their path of travel, until it is too late to take appropriate action.
	www.walkinginfo.org /aps/1-4.cfm (741 words)

	notblind
		They are not, therefore, going to go blind, and telling them so can be seriously hazardous to their psychological health, quality of life and motivation to seek treatment.
		Of the group who disagreed that the word “blind” should be avoided in connection with AMD (E), 38% agreed with the definition of “blindness,” while 85% agreed with the definition of AMD.
		The definitions of legal blindness by these sources are variations of the American Heritage Dictionary version: “Having a maximal visual acuity of the better eye, after correction by refractive lenses, of one-tenth normal vision or less (20/200 or less on the Snellen test).
	www.mdsupport.org /library/notblind.html (2966 words)

	AIDB - Information about Blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		But medically, a person is blind if he or she has visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye.
		Children who are blind have little incentive to learn to move, because they cannot see that fascinating toy just beyond their reach, or a parent beckoning for them to crawl.
		The competent blind traveler also can keep good...notes...about his or her community.The advanced student can question others to gain knowledge that is relevant to his or her mobility needs.
	www.aidb.org /asb/blind-info.asp (3315 words)

	Statistics and Sources for Professionals - American Foundation for the Blind
		Definition and Scope: "Legal blindness" is a level of visual impairment that has been defined by law to determine eligibility for benefits.
		By contrast, fewer than one-quarter of legally blind people ages 50-59 years, and one-tenth of those older than 60 years, were employed.
		Among high school graduates, those with severe visual impairment or blindness are about as likely to have attended college without receiving a degree as those who were sighted (24% compared to 27%), but are less likely to have graduated from college (16% compared to 26%).
	www.afb.org /Section.asp?SectionID=15&DocumentID=1367 (3157 words)

	Blindness and Visual Impairments
		Blindness can range from total loss to no light perception to varying partial sight loss or legal blindness.
		Legal blindness is defined as either 20\200 corrected vision in the best eye or less than a 20-degree corrected field of vision.
		A person may be born blind or become blind later due to trauma, disease or a medical disorder.
	www.dph.sf.ca.us /spat/aidsblind.htm (603 words)

	Definition of Legal Blindness - Legal at Fact Expert
		Most people who are considered legally blind can still distinguish outlines, shapes, and large objects but they often are unable to see objects in their peripheral vision or read.
		The actual optometric numbers that describe legal blindness are a corrected vision of 20/200 or a visual field of twenty degrees or less.
		With recent and continuing developments in technology, there is now the possibility that people who are legally blind can regain some, if not all, of their sight with the help of special surgical procedures.
	legal.factexpert.com /483-legal-blindness.php (301 words)

	Legal Blindness
		In the United States, legally blind is defined as having vision worse than 20/200 using glasses or contact lenses.
		It is common for people who are legally blind to have some useable vision and partial sight; however, total blindness is a complete absence of any vision.
		The most common causes of legal blindness in the United States are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and cataracts.
	www.midwesteyecare.com /talkinghealth/owhq&a61.htm (246 words)

	Blindness : Gourt
		Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or psychological factors.
		Those who are not legally blind, but nonetheless have serious visual impairments, possess low vision.
		Lowell Association for the Blind - LAB is a non-profit, community based organization dedicated to working with the blind and visually impaired.
	www.gourt.com /Health/Conditions-and-Diseases/Eye-Disorders/Blindness.html (1741 words)

	Washington State Department of Services for the Blind
		Legal blindness is defined by two types of visual impairment – reduced visual acuity and visual field impairment.
		Legal blindness can be defined by a visual field restriction, specifically, a visual field of 20 degrees or less.
		Although not a criterion of legal blindness, photophobia (light sensitivity) and glare sensitivity are common visual impairments.
	www.wa.gov /dsb/resourcesForEmployers/employerHandbook/definitionOfBlindness.htm (508 words)

	Online ICD9/ICD9CM codes - 369 Blindness and low vision
		It should be distinguished from visual disability, indicating a limitation of the abilities of the individual (e.g., limited reading skills, vocational skills), and from visual handicap, indicating a limitation of personal and socioeconomic independence (e.g., limited mobility, limited employability).
		This definition can be applied to blindness of one eye (369.1, 369.6) and to blindness of the individual (369.0).
		For determination of benefits in the U.S.A., the definition of legal blindness as severe impairment is often used.
	icd9.chrisendres.com /index.php?action=child&recordid=3263 (285 words)

	Living with Retinal Degeneration and Legal Blindness
		Legal Blindness is defined by the Social Security Act of 1935 as: visual acuity for distance of 20/200 of less in the better eye after correction or visual acuity of more than 20/200 if the widest diameter of visual field subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees (1).
		No worldwide estimates are available on the incidences of blindness internationally, but by examining these instances individually by country, an approximation can be given as to how many people are affected by retinal disorders or eye injuries worldwide.
		The leading cause of Legal Blindness in the United States and other first world countries is from retinal degeneration.
	www.jwen.com /rp/articles/living.html (1554 words)

	Eye Craft, LLC - Legal Blindness
		Legally blind does not mean totally unable to see.
		Someone legally blind cannot see the line below the second big E at the top of the eye chart.
		Most legally blind people function quite well, especially if they have been visually handicapped since childhood.
	www.eye-craft.com /legal_blindness.htm (295 words)

	SightCare: Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The term legal blindness refers to vision that is reduced to or below a specific cut-off, which is 20/200 acuity (blurred vision), or a 20-degree field of vision (severe tunnel vision).
		The term is mostly used as a legal term, to determine eligibility for government benefits and vision rehabilitation programs.
		Most people who are legally blind are not totally blind, but have some degree of usable vision and can be helped to see better and function better.
	www.jgb.org /sightcare/information4.asp (174 words)

	ReNu Blindness - Loss of vision caused by Fungal Eye Infection
		In the United States, blindness is generally defined as vision of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the aid of glasses or contact lenses.
		The United States Congress included the definition of legal blindness as part of the Aid to the Blind program in the Social Security Act passed in 1935.
		An eye which is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees shall be considered for purposes of the first sentence of this subsection as having a central visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
	www.weitzlux.com /renu/blindness_402918.html (589 words)

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