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Topic: Legislative Assembly of Panama

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	Legislative Assembly of Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Legislativa) is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama.
		Legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis, while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula.
		Panama's legislative elections are held in parallel to its presidential elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Panama (152 words)

	PANAMA NATIONAL TRADE ESTIMATE - 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		WTO accession and implementation laws passed by Panama�s Legislative Assembly in June 1996 liberalized several aspects of the country�s trading regime, primarily in the areas of tariff reductions, import licensing and phytosanitary standards.
		Panama�s tariffs were lowered significantly, to an average of 15 percent for agricultural goods and 8.25 percent overall.
		Panama became a member of the Geneva Convention in 1974 and the Berne Convention in 1996 and is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
	www.mac.doc.gov /tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries4/Panama/NationalTrade/2000/CountryReport.html (1893 words)

	Panama Online Research :: Information about Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Much of Panama's domestic politics and international diplomacy in the 20th century were tied to the Panama Canal and the foreign policy of the United States in an effort to improve the conditions of its citizens.
		Panama is a republic with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary.
		Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Panama.html (1317 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Indigenous Peoples in Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bayano Dam, constructed to aid in the development of Panama City and the surrounding area, is reportedly placing severe stresses on the environment and local Indigenous population.
		Panama granted mining concessions to the Cerro-Colorado mine despite a lingering dispute with the Ngobe-Bugle people, who claimed 11,000 square kilometers in the western Veraguas, Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro regions.
		Panama rushed more than 1,200 police special forces to the Darien border area on 8 July, in an attempt to stop incursions by Colombian paramilitary groups and guerrillas.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=9502 (1858 words)

	News - The Press Law
		The guarantees established by article 37 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama, as well as the inherent responsibilities, shall be applied equally to the practice of journalism, regulated by this Law.
		To be recognized as a journalist, one must be a citizen of Panama with an accredited degree in journalism, social communication and information sciences granted by a university duly accredited by the University of Panama, and registered with the Ministry of Education in the Book of Professional Journalists Registered in the Republic of Panama.
		As a profession legally practiced with the Republic of Panama, journalism shall be covered by the applicable norms of labor legislation in all respects.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_07/issue_11/news_01.html (2137 words)

	SSHL: Latin American Election Statistics: Panama: Elections and events 1981-1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Millett 1989: "The National Legislative Council was eliminated, and the unwieldy, government-controlled National Assembly of Municipal Representatives, which had 505 representatives, one from each...municipal subdistrict, became the Legislative Assembly, with 67 members apportioned on the basis of population and directly elected" (page 175).
		Panama 1999-2000: The November 1992 referendum result "was bypassed in 1994 when two consecutive legislative assemblies in 1994 approved the Fuerza Pública’s abolition" (page 6).
		Panama 1998-1999: The constitutional changes needed to allow immediate re-election "were decisively rejected in a referendum on August 30th 1998, when anti-reformists took 64% of the vote; voters appear to have been concerned about the possibility of entrenching a ‘civil dictatorship’ so soon after the end of military rule" (page 6).
	dodgson.ucsd.edu /las/panama/1981pan.html (8999 words)

	Panama country information
		For more information on Panama, you may write to the chancery at 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008; check the U.S. State Department or World Factbook country sites; or type in the country's name on the Internet using a broad-based world wide web search engine.
		Panama is located in Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Colombia.
		Ethnically Panama is comprised of Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white 70%), Amerindian and mixed West Indian (14%), white (10%) and Amerindian (6%).
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/panama/desc.html (612 words)

	Panama needs no government religion
		Of the 234 legislators and suplentes in Panama’s Legislative Assembly, a rather small minority are Protestants, mostly Evangelicals.
		When Panama separated from Spain the Catholic Church opposed the move, while freemasons like Simón Bolívar --- advocates of religious tolerance who were (and are) anathema to the church hierarchy --- were in the vanguard of the forces that overthrew the colonial system.
		One of the reasons that Panama declared its independence from Colombia was chronic warfare between Colombia’s Conservatives, who believed that Catholicism ought to be the country’s official religion, and Liberals, who opposed an established state church.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_10/issue_23/editorial.html (682 words)

	Information about a Panama Private Interest Foundation
		The Private Interest Foundation Law of Panama is based on the Panamanian Trust Law (No. 1 of 1994) as well as the Liechtenstein Family Foundation Law of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Europe.
		The Legislative Assembly in Panama approved Law No. 25 of June 12, 1995, whereby private interest foundations are regulated.
		The Panama foundation may be constituted by one or more natural or juridical persons, either by themselves or through third parties.
	www.offshorecorporation.com /panamafoundation.aspx (571 words)

	Panamadera - Resources - Panama Law - Law 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Panama is a safe and attractive country perfect for holiday, vacation home, expat living or retirement.
		Tourist yachts calling at ports in the Republic of Panama whose stay does not exceed ninety (90) days are exonerated from the payment of any and all types of the usual charges, taxes, or service fees upon arrival or anchorage.
		Any applications for contracts with the Government of Panama being processed on the date this Law is promulgated may continue with the procedure established in Cabinet Decree No. 102 of June 20, 1972, for the purpose of obtaining the benefits set forth in that Decree, which shall remain in force only for such purposes.
	www.panamadera.com /law_8.htm (3650 words)

	Bill Proposed to Halt Transfer of Panama Canal on Dec. 1, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The treaties signed by President Carter and Omar Torrijos in 1977, known as the Panama Canal Treaty and The Neutrality Treaty, as ratified by the Senate with "reservations" are hereby repealed in total, and any and all of their provisions are declared null, void, invalid, and of no effect.
		The repeal of the 1977 Senate ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty and The Neutrality Treaty, and the resumption of control and operation of the Panama Canal by officers and agents of the United States government shall take effect December 1, 1999.
		Marine is a candidate for President of Panama, a former employee of the Panama Canal Commission, with Panamanian and U.S. dual citizenship.
	www.greaterthings.com /editorial/canal_transfer.htm (1425 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; May 20, 1994
		According to FMLN deputy Maria Marta Valladares ("Nidia Diaz"), prior to the Assembly's inaugural session on May 1, the FMLN Political Commission had agreed that all FMLN deputies would abstain from voting for members of the Assembly directorate until the new legislature rescinded two controversial rules hastily passed by the outgoing ARENA- dominated Assembly.
		In exchange, ERP deputy Ana Guadalupe Martinez was elected to one of the four Assembly vice presidential slots, and RN deputy Eduardo Sancho was elected as one of five congressional secretaries.
		According to the communique, Villalobos was suspended for having instigated the dissident legislators.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h94/notisur.19940520.html (3969 words)

	History of the Panama Railroad, 1855
		In February 1851, the work was brought to a stop by a wholesale desertion of these men, but with the assistance of the Colombian authorities a large number were apprehended and kept in jail until they signified their readiness to return to work.
		In November, 1866 the Legislative Assembly of Panama adopted a resolution honoring the builders of the railroad, and authorized the placing of a portrait of each in the reception room of the government place in Panama, the expense thereof to be paid out of the public treasury.
		The Panama Railroad Steamship Company is still being maintained by the Government as a part of the operations of the Panama Railroad Company.
	www.geocities.com /wallstreet/4245/panhist/steel.htm (4014 words)

	Noonsite: Panama’s Pedro Miguel Boat Club Threatened With Extinction
		The structural improvements of the PMBC were recognized as the club’s by the Panama Canal Company, and later the ownership of the improvements were ratified by the Panama Canal Commission and the Government of Panamá’s Ministry of Hacienda y Tesoro in the body of the Administración de Bienes Area Canalera.
		The PMBC withdrew its complaint in good faith, and the Panama Canal Commission issued a note to the GOP stating its cancellation of the requirement for the area of the PMBC on the 20th of December, 1999.
		The Legislative Assembly (Congress) of Panamá, in establishing the laws concerning the leasing of reverted canal areas, recognized its responsibilities to holders of pre treaty licenses, as covered in the Panama Canal Treaty.
	www.noonsite.com /Members/jimmy/R2003-06-20-2 (2018 words)

	Panama Bank, Offshore Bank Account, Panama Banking
		Panama’s new banking law (Decree No. 9) meets the standards of leading financial centers around the world for transparency and regulation.
		Moreover, Panama has turned into one of the leading countries supporting the FATF and OECD movement to implement measures in international financial centers to cope with capital laundering and terrorist financial activities.
		The Panama Stock Exchange is one of the fastest-growing in the region.
	www.businesspanama.com /investing/opportunities/financial_service.php (640 words)

	Panamanian lawmakers approve U.S. rail venture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 25-year concession, renewable for another quarter-century, cleared Panama's legislative assembly after 18 months of negotiations, said Dario Benedetti, president of the joint venture, called the Panama Canal Railway Co.
		Panama is handing the railway over in exchange for a commitment from the joint venture to spend about $70 million to improve tracks and port connections.
		Panama's infrequent trains now slow down to just 2 or 3 miles an hour at some points and rarely carry containers, Nadlman said.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/biz/98/02/03/panama.2-0.html (307 words)

	[28 May 1997] BIO/3074 : NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF PANAMA PRESENTS CREDENTIALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From 1976 to 1977, he was Panama's Minister for Foreign Affairs, in which capacity he engaged in discussions which led to a new Canal Treaty with the United States.
		Boyd was Panama's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, where he served as President of the Security Council in March 1973.
		He was President of the Assembly in 1949 and also served several times as Chairman of its Foreign Affairs Committee.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1997/19970528.bio3074.html (235 words)

	Help-Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I was born in Panama and raised both in Panama and the Zone, in the 40s and 50s i spent many weekends at the PMBC raceing home built hydro boats, fishing and enjoying the camaraderie and pot lucks of the PMBC meeting world cruisers and learning about boats.
		Panama, thru one of their for-profit arms, seems to be trying to make the yacht clubs in the Panama Canal Zone, disappear.
		In the Panama Canal the pilot is the legal master of the transiting vessel, you are required to do what he says, even if you know it is wrong, unsafe, or just not possible for your vessel.
	www.pmbc.net /htmls/acp/helpus.html (5465 words)

	CULTURE-PANAMA: Protecting History Under Water
		Panama's Legislative Assembly incorporated subaquatic treasures into the category of national heritage in a Jun. 30 decision.
		Panama is the only country that has ratified the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, approved in 2001 and requiring the adhesion of 19 other countries to enter into force.
		But new legislation has promoted the search for financial resources to launch the major project in the area: recover the vestiges of what is thought to be one of the caravels of the fourth and final voyage of Christopher Columbus to the Americas, said Fitzgerald.
	ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=19312 (676 words)

	Panama - Corruption - Cable and Wireless - Privatization - Worldpress.org
		As the world continues to absorb the fallout from corporate scandals in the United States, evidence is emerging that raises suspicions that a British telecommunications company may have colluded with the Panamanian government in a sweetheart privatization deal, then mismanaged the company at the expense of customers and employees.
		In 1997 and 1998, then-U.S. Ambassador to Panama William Hughes complained that the playing field in the bid for Panama’s privatizing industries was not level.
		After many protests sent to legislators, government ministers, and the president, they’re now seeing signs that give them hope that their concerns will be addressed.
	www.worldpress.org /Americas/653.cfm (1703 words)

	The Panama Canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Panama, July 6 2001 - Following three Legislative Assembly debates, the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) fiscal year 2002 budget was approved last week.
		Panama Canal Administrator Alberto Aleman Zubieta also informed legislators of expected increases in oceangoing transits and cargo tonnage that should produce revenue gains from complementary Canal services such as tugboats, line-handling and reservations.
		Revenue from these navigation services, added to the sale of electricity, drinking water and other minor revenues, is estimated at $189.7 million for fiscal year 2002.
	www.pancanal.com /eng/cgi-bin/news/boletin.cgi?submit=Consulta&item=36 (194 words)

	JURIST - Panama: Panamanian Law, Legal Research, Human Rights
		Panama is a representative democracy with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct, secret vote for 5-year terms, and an independent appointed judiciary.
		The legislative branch consists of a 72-member unicameral Legislative Assembly.
		This system has serious shortcomings: defendants lack adequate procedural safeguards; administrative judges outside of Panama City are usually not attorneys; many have not completed secondary education; and some are corrupt.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/panama.htm (679 words)

	FOR: Panamá Update, Spring-Summer 1996
		Ambassador Hughes claimed in a hearing before Panama's legislative assembly on April 8 that the Darién province that borders Colombia hosts 200 secret air strips and that the cartels continue to launder money in Panama, but he gave no evidence for the claims.
		Meanwhile, SouthCom in Panama quietly announced that military training teams had been sent from Panama to "allied countries" in the last week of April, to train Latin American soldiers and anti-drug police in land and water-borne tactics.
		An article in the May 25 Economist suggests that Panama's ruling Revolutionary Democratic Party (PRD) is linked to the recent collapse of a Panamanian bank and the arrest in April of a Colombian accused of money laundering in Panama.
	www.forusa.org /programs/panama/archives/696drugw.htm (1972 words)

	FOR: Panamá Update, Spring 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On January 28 Panama’s Legislative Assembly unanimously approved a reservation, or comarca, for the 127,000 Ngobe-Buglés.
		Raúl Montenegro, Panama’s Minister of Government and Justice, praised the new law as the fruit of "a generational struggle of over twenty years." Montenegro exulted over the "steadfastness with which the government acts as the best guarantee which the Ngobe-Buglé can count on...
		Ngobe students at the University of Panama stated on February 21 that the measure violates an earlier law of 1934 which safeguarded Ngobe communal land holding.
	www.forusa.org /programs/panama/archives/0497-6.htm (434 words)

	Cyprus News Agency: News in English, 96-12-05
		The decision was taken here today during meetings the Chairman of the Committee of Foreign Affairs of the Legislative Assembly of Panama, Oyden Ortega Duran, had at the House of Representatives.
		The Assembly expressed support for President Clerides' proposal for the demilitarisation of the island and reiterated its call for the withdrawal of the Turkish occupation troops and a solution based on UN resolutions.
		The two MPs, who are in Lisbon to attend the Second Mediterranean Seminar of the North Atlantic Assembly, were received by President of the Portuguese Assembly, Antonio Almeida Santos, and discussed Cyprus' process of accession to the European Union as well as strengthening relations between the two countries.
	www.hri.org /news/cyprus/cna/1996/96-12-05.cna.html (3247 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone).
		The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914.
		The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were turned over to Panama by or on 31 December 1999.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/pm.html (1289 words)

	Fenix Panama Tourism, Commercial and Travel Industry News
		The Panama Legislative Assembly approved the project of Law for the Coiba National Park in its third debate.
		See the Legislative Assembly website for the text of new law projects.
		Fourteen years after Manuel Noriega was forced out as president of Panama, and just four after the country regained control of its canal, international investors are buying up luxurious Miami-style waterfront condos in central Panama City and century-old homes in the colonial center of Casco Viejo.
	www.fenixpanama.com /news.html (522 words)

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