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	Lemko region
		Lemkos forms an ethnographic peninsula 140 km long and 25–50 km wide within Polish and Slovak territory.
		Lemkos in Galicia in 1939 was estimated at (depending on whether or not the transitional groups were included) 140,000 to 200,000, and in the
		Lemkos took part in the Austrian-Transylvanian struggle in the 17th century and in the Ferenc II Rákóczi uprising at the beginning of the 18th century.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/L/E/Lemkoregion.htm (786 words)

	The Rusyns - Rusyn
		The Lemko Region was until 1918 part of the Austrian Habsburg province of Galicia, specifically the southern parts of the *districts of Nowy Sacz, Grybow, Gorlice, Jaslo, Krosno, Sanok, Lesko, and a very small portion (four villages) of Nowy Targ (see Map 9).
		The entire Lemko population was resettled and forcibly deported between 1945 and 1947, so that at present only about 20,000 returnees and their descendants live in villages scattered throughout the area.
		Nevertheless, the term Lemko Region, in the sense of all the villages where Lemko Rusyns had lived before 1945, continues to be used in publications and by organizations that promote historical and civic Lemko interests.
	www.rusyn.org /geolemko.html (440 words)

	Lemkos in Poland
		The Ukrainian Lemkos consider themselves as an ethnic group of the Ukrainian nation, and the Lemko language as a Ukrainian dialect.
		The Vistula Operation plan was called for the forced deportation of all Ukrainians (including Lemkos) from the eastern regions of Poland to its new or "Recovered Lands" (Ziemie Odzyskane) in the western and northern part of the country that were recently acquired from Germany.
		Thus, from late April to July 1947, Lemkos were simply told to pack up their belongings and to leave the homes that they and their ancestors had inhabited for centuries.
	www.apenrade.dk /m99_lemkosinpoland.html (755 words)

	The Rusyns - Rusyn
		Disturbed by Poland’s intransigeance, Lemko leaders responded by convening in Florynka on March 20, 1920, a Supreme Council of the Lemko Rus’ Region/Verkhovnyi soviet Lemkovskoi Rusi (26 members) and an Executive Committee/Ispol’nitel’nyi komitet (5 members) under the chairmanship of Iaroslav Karchmarchyk that took on the characteristics of a Lemko* government.
		By the spring of 1920 all of the Lemko Region was firmly under Polish rule.
		For Lemkos the Florynka republic remains a symbol of their struggle for national recognition and sense of unity with other Carpatho-Rusyns south of the mountains.
	www.rusyn.org /hisflorynka.html (498 words)

	The Lemko Land
		Polish scholars are generaly of the opinion that the Lemkos were created as an imposition of the Valachian-Ruthenian waves on the previous Polish settlements; such waves resulted as the migration of Balkan shepherds, Called Valachians, who moving northwards along the arch of the Carpathian Mountains mixed with the natives.
		.:In the spring and summer of 1947 the whole Lemko Land was the subject to Vistula Operation (Akcja Wisła), consisting in the dislodgement of the Ukrainians who lived in Poland (this group including the Lemkos, regardless of their national feeling) and scattering them in western and northern provinces (...).
		Lemko language and culture can be studied oat the Academy of Pedagogy in Krakow, mainly thanks to the efforts of Helena Duć-Fajfer Ph.D., a Lemko from Uscie Gorlickie.
	www.horsebacktouring.com /lemkoland.html (416 words)

	Highlanders of Eastern Beskidy (part II)
		Insufficient pastures and frequent epidemics of fascioliasis caused the Lemkos not to keep their sheep for the winter but to sell them for slaughter in the fall and buy young sheep in the spring from Boikos and Huculs.
		The Lemkos wore short sleeveless fur coats or homespun woolen cloth vests, which were replaced in the l9th century with blue, navy-blue, or fl vests, made of factory-made woolen cloth and decorated with metal buttons.
		In the central part of Lemko territories, the corsets were made of thin red, blue, or green woolen cloth or silk decorated with sewn-on colorful ribbons.
	www.zb.eco.pl /gh/6/lemkos_e.htm (1192 words)

	Ruthenian history: Russian?
		These Lemkos, living north of the Hungarian border in the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, spoke an east-Slavic language which was heavily influenced by Polish and Slovak.
		The pre-Carpathian Lemkos were under different influences from those of the sub-Carpathian Rusyns in that they lived in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary and had not experienced the 1,000 years of Magyar domination found south of the Carpathian crest.
		In the Lemko territory (where ideas arrived with a rather considerable delay), by the 20th century, the intelligentsia and the active peasantry were in good part engaged in the Russophile movement.
	www.angelfire.com /pa3/OldWorldBasic/Russophilism.htm (1732 words)

	Traditional Lemko Women's Clothing
		In the eastern Lemko villages, the hunka was made of fl or gray coarse cloth, while in the western Lemko villages, similar garments were made of white cloth.
		Lemkos used to wear hodaky or kerpci, shoes made of two rectangular pieces of rawhide tied to the feet with woolen strings known as navoloky.
		Among other Lemko immigrants in the Soviet Union, it is only in folk ensembles that traditional dress is worn, as in the Lemko choirs from the villages of Loshniv (Ternopil' region) and Rudne near L'viv.
	www.carpatho-rusyn.org /lemkos/ivan.htm (1206 words)

	ARCHIWUM LEMKA - Artykuły - Uprooted Lemkos - [j.ang.]
		It started in the spring of 1947 when practically the entire Lemko and Ukrainian community of southeastern Poland was forcibly expelled from the ancestral land and scattered throughout the western territories which Stalin gave to communist Poland in return for the eastern lands the Soviets seized from it.
		Lemko organizations are striving to insure that the Lower House of Polish parliament condemns the Vistula action.
		The Lemkos were deported mainly to western Poland, the territories which Poland received in return for land seized from it in the east by the Soviet Union.
	www.archiwumlemka.art.pl /modules/articles/article.php?id=57 (2669 words)

	Nikifor Holdings at the Salzman Collection
		The town's Lemkos (eastern Slavs by origin, claimed by both Ukrainians and Russians and properly "Ruthenians," Rusyns, or Rysnaks, traditionally a mountain-dwelling people with distinct "Lemkian" dialects of Slavic) kept the child alive.
		Lemkos were generally poor highlanders, shepherds and farmers often employed as swineherds in other regions, but in Krynica able to eke out a living by carrying construction materials for the villas that wealthy Poles were setting up in the late XIX
		Even when every Lemko in Krynica had been forcibly resettled to Western Poland by the Soviet government's Operation "Vistula" (Akcja âWisla') in 1947, Nikifor had soon returned on foot from Szczecin in northern Poland, alone except for his watercolors of seaports and ships.
	users.rcn.com /mpulier/Nikifor/NikiforBase.html (1442 words)

	Central Europe Review - Karen M Laun: The Lemko of Poland
		The Lemko, a distinct ethnic group from the southeast corner of the country, are also attempting to reassert their cultural identity.
		This conflict is not new; when Ukrainian nationalists were pressuring the Lemko to identify with their struggle and with their religion, during the early part of this century, there occurred a parallel backlash which led other Lemko to return to Orthodoxy.
		As the Lemko continue to try to revive their cultural traditions in the post-Communist era, the splits in their community are reflected in the organizations that they have formed since 1989.
	www.ce-review.org /99/24/laun24.html (1665 words)

	Lemko 'Vatra'
		It is to him that the Lemko community is most grateful, because even before the first Vatra, he offered enjoyment of our native music and song to our people.
		The subsequent Lemko "Vatras" in the villages of
		Large numbers of Lemkos from Czecho-Slovakia and Ukraine started arriving, there was also a large number of guests from beyond the "Great Mud Puddle" and other western countries.
	www.busternus.com /ukraine/83eng.html (938 words)

	Paul R. Magosci. The Rusyn Question.
		The first signs of change came in Poland, where the Lemko Rusyns, both those who were dispersed in the "West" of that country as well as about 10,000 who had managed to return to the Carpathian homeland, began to gather at annual cultural festivals.
		As a result, the Lemkos began to revive the idea that they were neither Poles nor Ukrainians, but rather part of a distinct Slavic people closely related to Rusyns living south of the mountains in Slovakia.
		The Lemkos seemed to be acting in isolation and for several years that was indeed the case.
	litopys.org.ua /rizne/magocie.htm (5279 words)

	The Talpash Family - European Origins - The Lemko Talpash
		The Lemko Talpash families lived in the area of the Carpathian Mountains between present-day Poland and Slovakia.
		In return, some 700,000 Lemkos, who were ethnic Ukrainians, were expelled from southern Poland into areas of western Ukraine, and also into the north-west corner of Poland, from whence its German residents had been expelled.
		The hills and fields of the old Lemko homelands now lie largely barren, and the villages are very sparsely settled.
	www.talpash.com /_sgt/m1m2_1.htm (507 words)

	Cleveland AIDS Walk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lemko Hall, located in Tremont, 2337 W. 11th St. at the corner of Literary Ave., was initially owned by the Lemko Assn. Home Branch No. 6, a branch of the Lemko Assn. of the U.S. and Canada.
		The local branch was formed in 1929, and the larger group was organized in Cleveland in 1931 to serve the people from Lemkovina, a Slavic area on the slopes of the Carpathian Mts.
		In the early 1930s, Cleveland had the largest Lemko community in the U.S. and was a center of Lemko activity before the Lemko Assn. moved its headquarters to Yonkers, NY.
	www.cleveland.com /AIDSwalk/index.ssf?/community/history/lemkohall.html (211 words)

	Lemkos (Ruthenians)
		The Lemko, sometimes considered to be Ruthenian or Rusyn, have for centuries inhabited the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in Poland (near the Ukrainian border), an area is known to the locals as Lemkovyna, or Lemkowszczyzna in Polish.
		The Lemkos are a minory that has re-emerged with remarkable speed.
		During the communist era, the Ukrainian identity was the only non-Polish ethno-national identity under which the Lemkos could organize and manifest their cultural and community life.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/soc_conduct/lemko/link.shtml (363 words)

	Lemko Hall
		Lemko Hall is a landmark building at the corner of Literary, West 11th, and Kenilworth.
		Studio 11 is in Lemko Hall, at the main door.
		the Literary Café is near Lemko Hall, at 1031 Literary.
	www.geocities.com /crolma2/LEMKO.HTM (257 words)

	VICTOR LEMKO conductor
		Victor Lemko was on tour in Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, the USA with the opera and ballet perfomances as well as the popular symphony choral programs.
		Victor Lemko was conducting the orchestra of Donetsk State Philharmonic named after Sergey Prokofyev playing symphonic programmes.
		Victor Lemko is a principal conductor of the annual International Festival "World Ballet Stars" in Donetsk city.
	ddcity.tripod.com /lemko.htm (154 words)

	Ukrainian Museum-Archives, Cleveland, OH
		This is one of the most archaic of traditional Ukrainian stitches that, in combination with the predetermined areas of white background material that peak through the densely laid threads, emphasizes the clear-cut silhouette of the main patterns.
		Immediately to the East of the Lemkos live the Boikos, whose embroideries varied from simple red-blue geometric motifs in the western reaches of their territory, to wide, densely worked geometric and/or floral patterns in the eastern and southern reaches.
		Whereas the extreme western reaches of the Transcarpathian (Zakarpattia) Region are inhabited by Lemkos, ethnographers have found that the Ukrainians of the lowland territories of this region are an extension of the Galician Boikos neighboring to the north.
	www.umacleveland.org /embroidery.htm (1913 words)

	What is the OOL? (06/13/04)
		We are an organization of Ukrainian Lemkos who came to America in the early 1900s and settled in Western Pennsylvania and the tri-state area.
		The current by-laws state that the organization's responsibilities are: to organize Lemko Ukrainians in their respective communities, to conduct cultural and educational work among them, and to foster Ukrainian culture, language, music, embroidery, religious, secular and national traditions.
		In 1997 a group of young Lemko members discussed the commemoration of victims of the 1947 Akcja Wisla and an idea emerged to build a chapel in honor of their memory.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2004/240426.shtml (568 words)

	Carpatho-Rusyn Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aside from various forms of folk culture, such as embroidery, painted Easter eggs, and folk music and dance performed by professional ensembles in Presov and Uzhorod and by numerous amateur ensembles elsewhere, Carpatho-Rusyns are most noted for an outstanding form of native architecture in the form of wooden churches.
		The Lemko Region north of the Carpathians was until the mid-fourteenth century divided between the Rus' principality/kingdom of Galicia and the kingdom of Poland.
		Both the Rusyns living in the Presov Region, under a Slovak administration and the Lemko Rusyns in Poland wanted to be part of Subcarpathian Rus', but were blocked in their efforts by both the Czechoslovak and Polish governments.
	www.wirnowski.com /Carp/Carpatho_Intro.html (3347 words)

	Oslawica, pg. 2
		Lemkos who were once driven out of this area by Operation Visla (Vistula), return to honor the homeland of their parents and ancestors.
		Plaque commemorating the 50 year anniversary since the Lemkos were chased away from their homelands in Operation Vistula (Action Wisla).
		The largest community in a commune is typically the center (capital) of the commune, thus the name of the that place is the commune designation.
	home.earthlink.net /~okaczmar/oslawica2.html (1208 words)

	Lemko privacy
		If Lemko should ever file for bankruptcy or merge with or be acquired by another company, we may sell the information you provide to us on this Site to the third party or share your Personal Information with any company with whom we merge or are acquired by.
		Lemko does not target, and does not knowingly solicit personal information from children under the age of 13.
		Any person who provides their information to Lemko through the account login page for customers or any other part of the Site represents to Lemko that they are 13 years of age or older.
	www.lemko.com /htm/privacy.htm (907 words)

	Lemko Surnames cited by Kransovs’kyj from 1787 Austrian Cadastral Records for the village of Swiatkowa Wielka, Galicia
		Lemko Surnames cited by Kransovs’kyj from 1787 Austrian Cadastral Records for the village of Swiatkowa Wielka, Galicia
		The wooden church was closed for 39 years after WWII and is now used by Polish Roman Catholics.
		In 1918, under the leadership of the pastor, A Rus’ka narodna rada was formed, with the intention of forming a Lemko Republic joined to Czechoslovakia, but this was soon liquidated by the Polish Government.
	elstonwe.home.att.net /swcad.htm (195 words)

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