Lemma (linguistics) - Factbites

Lemma (linguistics) - Factbites
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Topic: Lemma (linguistics)

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	Talk:Lemma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note about the use of lemma in linguistics: The term lemma is not used all that often in theoretical linguistics because the thing it describes has only a practical use, not a theoretical one, because a lemma is just a form chosen for convention to represent a lexeme.
		The article lemma was moved to lemma (mathematics), with the former being made into a disamibig.
		It is true that mathematics as a field is larger and older than linguistics, and thus the term is overall more commonly used for mathematics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Lemma (1607 words)

	Corpus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In linguistics, corpus (plural corpora) is a large and structured set of texts (now usually electronically stored and processed).
		Another example would be marking what the lemma form of each word which has been inflected or modified from its root form.
		In Christianity, the corpus refers to the body of Christ and often is used as a technical term for the figure which hangs upon a crucifix.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corpus (1607 words)

	Lemma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lemma (linguistics), the canonical form of a word
		Shadowing lemma, an animal which exists in only 2 dimensions and eats mathematicians in Terry Pratchett's fictional Discworld series
		This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lemma (100 words)

	lemma
		In linguistics, and particularly in morphology, a lemma comprises the canonical form of a word.
		In mathematics, a lemma expresses a minor theorem, of interest primarily because it serves in the proof of a major result.
		Lemmas have especial significance in highly inflected languages such as Czech.\n
	www.fact-library.com /lemma.html (60 words)

	announce.txt
		ROOT `large Word:[ head: [ number:SG pos: N ] lemma: `large lemma_pos:AJ ] Note that the feature structure reports the part-of-speech (pos) of the word (something not possible with PC-KIMMO version 1).
		It was first released by SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics) in 1990.
		Users of the software are encouraged to use the list to ask questions, offer tips and solutions to problems, and exchange data and descriptions.
	web.mit.edu /course/6/6.863/announce.txt (1096 words)

	Forms of English Function Words - Effects of Disfluencies, Turn Position, Age and Sex, and Predictability - Bell, Jurafsky, Fosler-Lussier, Girand, Gildea (ResearchIndex)
		The Role of the Lemma in Form Variation - Jurafsky, Bell, Girand (2000)
		Abstract: This study examines the role of several non--phonetic factors in the reduction of ten frequent English function words (I, and, the, that, a, you, to, of, it, and in) in the phoneticallytranscribed portion of the Switchboard corpus of spontaneous telephone conversations.
		...was the reduction or lenition of the word s pronunciation in conversational speech.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /bell99forms.html (599 words)

	lemma
		In linguistics, and particularly in morphology, a lemma comprises the canonical form of a word.
		In mathematics, a lemma expresses a minor theorem, of interest primarily because it serves in the proof of a major result.
		Lemmas have especial significance in highly inflected languages such as Czech.\n
	www.fact-library.com /lemma.html (60 words)

	Mark Davies: Corpus Linguistics, BYU
		I received a B.A. from Brigham Young University in 1986 with a double major in Linguistics and Spanish, which was followed by an M.A. in Spanish Linguistics from BYU in 1989.
		My primary fields of research are corpus linguistics and computational linguistics, as well as historical and dialectal Spanish, Portuguese, and English syntax.
		Unlike other large corpora of Spanish, my Corpus del Español allows users to perform advanced searches based on part of speech, lemma, synonyms, and word and clause frequency.
	davies-linguistics.byu.edu /personal (60 words)

	Zipf Law Peculiarities for Dictionary Definitions
		Perhaps the most famous statistical distribution in linguistics is Zipf law [1, 2]: in any large enough text, the frequency ranks (starting from the highest) of wordforms or lemmas are inversely proportional to the corresponding frequencies:
		is the frequency of the unit (wordform or lemma) having the rank r, z is the exponent coefficient (near to 1), and C is a constant.
		is the number of different units (wordforms or lemmas) occurring before the running word number i, h is the exponent coefficient (between 0 and 1), and D is a constant.
	www.cic.ipn.mx /~gelbukh/CV/Publications/2001/CICLing-2001-Zipf.htm (959 words)

	20th WCP: Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation
		This shift from the lemma recipio-ere to the lemma modus-i led to new discoveries.
		However, whereas for the lemma recipio-ere the Index provides 3-line extracts, only 3-word extracts are provided for the occurrences of the lemma modus-i.
		In describing my procedures, I will focus on how two shfts in my lexicological research proved decisive for the development of my philosophical thesis: namely, a shift from the lemma recipio-ere (‘to receive’) to the lemma modus-i (‘mode’), and from the phrase modus recipientis (’mode of the receiver’) to the phrase modus essendi.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meth/MethToma.htm (5424 words)

	Publications of Willem J.M. Levelt
		In W. Klein and W.J.M. Levelt (Eds.), Crossing the boundaries in linguistics (pp.221-252).
		Levelt, W.J.M. Cognitive styles in the use of spatial direction terms.
	www.mpi.nl /world/persons/private/pim/publicat.htm (5424 words)

	Suggestions and Guidelines for paper, Linguistics 210, UIUC
		By 19 October: Prepare a short STATEMENT (a paragraph to a page) outlining the topic you want to work on and why you think it is interesting.
		Bring this statement along to a short (five-minute) meeting with me, so as to receive feedback, both on your topic and on your presentation.
		Or patriot means what it does because it is derived from a Latin expression patria, a short form of patria terra 'fatherland'.)
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /hhhock/210/paper.html (1892 words)

	New Electronic Resources for IE
		The arguments used to support the statements and conclusions will be made clear to the reader, either in notes to a particular lemma or in the form of more general rules within the preface.
		The Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin ( http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/) now is hosting a number of projects, of which the following are relevant for Indo-Europeanists:
		This project is located at the Department of Historical Indo-European Linguistics in Freiburg (Germany), with Prof.
	www.indo-european.org /page5.html (1892 words)

	LING 106: INTRODUCTION TO FORMAL LINGUISTICS
		The goal of this course is to define certain formal properties that underlie the architecture of language.
		These tools include set theory, propositional logic, information theory, formal language theory, automata theory, as well as a brief introduction to the semantics of natural language.
		To this end, mathematical tools are provided that help us understand and classify the complex structures and rules that constitute language and grammar.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_2001/ling106/Ling106.htm (122 words)

	Publications
		Gaustad, Tanja (2004): "A Lemma-Based Approach to a Maximum Entropy Word Sense Disambiguation System for Dutch".
		In Companion Volume to the Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL/EACL 2001) -- Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop, Toulouse, France, pp.
		Number 47 in "Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics", Rodopi: Amsterdam.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~tanja/pubs.html (122 words)

	Proxem
		The TreeTagger is a tool for annotating text with part-of-speech and lemma information which has been developed within the TC project at the Institute for Computational Linguistics of the University of Stuttgart.
		We work on theoretical issues of computational linguistics and develop technologies such as speech processing, machine translation, universal and application-specific dialog engines, information retrieval, text mining and hypertext databases, automatic text summarization, natural language understanding and generation, to mention just a few.
		Its purpose is to integrate inference of missing argumental links into a synchronous course of derived trees and derivations trees via a shared forest.
	www.proxem.com (122 words)

	Morpheme
		See also: Morpheme, Affix, Allomorph, Lemma, Lexeme, Linguistics, Morphological analysis, Morphology (linguistics), Morphophonology, Phoneme
	encyclopedie-en.snyke.com /articles/morpheme.html (186 words)

	Manuel Barbera, Corpus based computational linguistic resources. Languages: E-E (§ 3.2).
		These occurrences are provided in about 192,800 sentences taken from the Brown corpus and the Wall Street Journal and have been hand tagged by students at the Linguistics Program of the National University of Singapore.
		For Dutch and English lemma homographs, frequencies have been disambiguated on the basis of the 42.4 m.
		It was first reported in the following paper at ACL-96 ("Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach", by Hwee Tou Ng and Hian Beng Lee, in Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 40-47, Santa Cruz, California, USA, June 1996.
	www.bmanuel.org /clr3_ee.html (13135 words)

	Lemmatization
		Wheras for some data-intensive linguistics applications you want to have more sophisticated lemmatisation and mophological analysis, in other applications less analysis is required.
		This lemmatiser accepts tagged and untagged text, and reduces all nouns and verbs to their base forms.
		had been tagged, then the lemmatiser would have known that ``rule-based'' was an adjective and would not have reduced it to the lemma ``base''.
	www.cis.uni-muenchen.de /kurse/pmaier/Korpus/DataIntensiveLinguistics/node36.html (575 words)

	Grammatical conjugation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All the different forms of the same verb constitute a lexeme and the form of the verb that is conventionally used to represent the canonical form of the verb is a lemma.
		In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar).
		Conjugation is also the traditional name of a group of verbs that share a similar conjugation pattern in a particular language (a verb class).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grammatical_conjugation (432 words)

	Grammatical conjugation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All the different forms of the same verb constitute a lexeme and the form of the verb that is conventionally used to represent the canonical form of the verb is a lemma.
		In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar).
		Conjugation is also the traditional name of a group of verbs that share a similar conjugation pattern in a particular language (a verb class).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grammatical_conjugation (443 words)

	Publications d'Éric Laporte
		Grammatical disambiguation of French words using part of speech, inflectional features and lemma of words in the context.
		"Experiments in Lexical Disambiguation Using Local Grammars", Papers in Computational Lexicography, COMPLEX '94, Ferenc Kiefer, Gabor Kiss and Julia Pajzs eds., Budapest: Linguistics Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, pp.
		Grammatical disambiguation of French words using part of speech of words in context.
	www-igm.univ-mlv.fr /~laporte/publi.html (4505 words)

	Serge Sharoff: Parallel concordancing in Perl
		Dafydd Gibbon and Thorsten Trippel from the Department of Linguistics, University of Bielefeld for suggesting the XML format for working with concordances and Perl samples for processing the format.
		It is advisable to pass the corpus also through a POS tagger in order to fill the attributes for lemma, POS and morphfeatures properly.
		Consult.pl produces an html file with concordancing results, in which sentences are linked to the anchors in the html file.
	purl.org /net/concordance (4505 words)

	Dan Jurafsky's Publications
		The Role of the Lemma in Form Variation.
		To appear in Rens Bod, Jennifer Hay, and Stefanie Jannedy, (Eds)., Probabilistic Linguistics (Postscript) or (PDF).
		Probabilistic Relations between Words: Evidence from Reduction in Lexical Production.
	www.colorado.edu /ling/jurafsky/pubs.html (1029 words)

	Lexeme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A related concept is the lemma (or citation form), which is a particular form of a lexeme that is chosen by convention to represent a canonical form of a lexeme.
		A lexeme is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of words that are "the same" in basic meaning.
		The notion of a lexeme is very central to morphology, and thus, many other notions can be defined in terms of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lexeme (315 words)

	Grammatical conjugation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All the different forms of the same verb constitute a lexeme and the form of the verb that is conventionally used to represent the canonical form of the verb is a lemma.
		In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar).
		A regular verb has a paradigm of conjugation that derives all forms from a few specific forms or principal parts (maybe only one, such as the infinitive in English).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grammatical_conjugation (432 words)

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