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Topic: Lemnian language

	Language isolate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language.
		Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified languages, being languages which remain unclassified even after extensive efforts.
		Neither should isolates be confused with isolating languages, languages in which morphemes generally exist in the form of full-fledged words, as opposed to synthetic languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isolate_languages (1528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A language isolate is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language.
		There are also creoles and constructed languages such as Esperanto which do not descend directly from a single ancestor as portrayed for most languages.
		A language thought to be an isolate may turn out to be relatable to other languages once enough material is recovered, but this is unlikely to occur if a language was not written.
	www.kisanji.org /default.aspx?modulo=wikipedia&arg=Language_isolate (1534 words)

	Lemnian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lemnian inscriptions use an alphabet similar to that used to write the Etruscan language and the older Phrygian inscriptions, all derived from Euboean scripts which had been adopted some time during the Hellenic Dark Ages (circa 1200 BCE).
		A relationship between Lemnian and Etruscan, sometimes grouped together as Tyrrhenian or Aegean languages is largely accepted because of the strong connections between vocabulary and grammar.
		Scholars now generally agree that these Tyrrhenian languages are not members of the Indo-European family and any connections with the Anatolian languages in particular are probably due to areal influence at best.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lemnian_language (2055 words)

	Etruscan civilization - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In an effort to resolve the contradictions, a team of geneticists from different universities in Italy and Spain undertook the first genetic studies of the ancient Etruscans on mitochondrial DNA from 80 bone samples taken from tombs dating from the 7th century to the 3rd century BC in Etruria.
		In ordinary language, comparison of mitochondrial DNA strands establishes degree of distant kinship, far beyond the few generations recognized by society.
		Lemnian language - A language closely related to Etruscan once spoken on the Aegean island of Lemnos.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Etruscan (3939 words)

	Etruscan Language
		The language continued to be used in a religious context until late antiquity; the final record of such use relates to the invasion of Rome by Alaric, chief of the Visigoths, in 410 CE,(1) when Etruscan priests were summoned to conjure lightning against the barbarians.
		The apparent isolation of the Etruscan language had already been noted by the ancients; it is confirmed by repeated and vain attempts of some to assign it to one of the various linguistic groups or types of the Mediterranean and Eurasian world.
		However, there are in fact connections with Indo-European languages, particularly with the Italic languages, and also with more or less known non-Indo-European languages of western Asia and the Caucasus, the Aegean, Italy, and the Alpine zone as well as with the relics of the Mediterranean linguistic substrata revealed by place-names.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /language.html (1671 words)

	Etruscans Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ UltraTopSecret.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The latter gave way in the 7th century to an increasingly orientalizing culture that was influenced by Greek traders and Greek neighbors in Magna Graecia, the Hellenic civilization of southern Italy.
		In an effort to resolve the contradictions, a team of geneticists from different universities in Italy and Spain undertook the first genetic studies of the ancient Etruscans, based on mitochondrial DNA from 80 bone samples taken from tombs dating from the 7th century to the 3rd century BC in Etruria.
		In ordinary language, comparison of mitochondrial DNA strands establishes degree of distant matrilineal kinship, far beyond the few generations recognized by society.
	www.ultratopsecret.com /encyclopedia/Etruscans (3935 words)

	Etruscan language - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is long ago been disproven that Etruscan can possibly be on its own a member of the Indo-European branch of Anatolian languages because of the discovery of the Lemnian language, which backs up Herodotus' ancient account of an eastern origin of the Etruscans and their language.
		One language certain to be very closely related to Etruscan is the language once spoken on the island of Lemnos before the Athenian invasion (6th century BC), aptly named Lemnian.
		The most notable inscription in a language known to linguists as Eteocypriot is the Amathus Bilingual, so named because it bears a partially translated version of the Eteocypriot text in the ancient Attic dialect of Greek.
	www.pacificgrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Etruscan_language (2388 words)

	The Aspen Times
		It is given as an appendix to "The Etruscan Language; An Introduction," by Giuliano Bonfante and his daughter Larissa Bonfante.
		There is the case of a language like the Egyptian hieroglyphics, where both the symbols and the underlying language they represent are unknown.
		As Etruscan was a language that didn't normally distinguish between masculine and feminine genders [male and female personal names did have markings in Etruscan], "leu" must have the meaning "lioness" too.
	www.unifi.it /unifi/surfchem/solid/bardi/chimera/aspenlion (1739 words)

	ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although some modern scholars claim that Etruscan is either distantly related to Indo-European, or even a member of the Indo-European branch of Anatolian languages (see Lemnian language), and others that it is part of some theoretical super-family like Nostratic, there is no conclusive evidence of either.
		Neither language was ever written, and suggestive traces in Roman placenames (see toponymy) and tribal designations have not been very informative yet.
		The most notable inscription in a language known to linguists as Eteo-Cypriot is the Amathus Bilingual, so named because it bears a partially translated version of the Eteo-Cypriot text in the ancient Attic dialect of Greek.
	www.beskov.com /Etruscan_language (1627 words)

	eDivination - Psychic, Occult and Mystical Dictionary.
		A form of hydromancy consisting of divination by interpreting the patterns and ripples left on the surface of water from a basin when precious stones are dropped in.
		Also known as Green Language, it is the secret speech and writing of the occultists, which employs symbolism derived from cosmic truths.
		Many occult systems and Mystery Schools adopted the Language of the Birds to express their secret teachings, including the Rosicrucians and the Alchemists.
	www.edivination.com /dictionary/l.html (495 words)

	Part I. The Voyage to Colchis. Chapter IX. The Lemnian Maidens. I. Demeter and Persephone. Colum, Padraic. 1921. The ...
		Hypsipyle spoke two languages—one, the language of the mothers of the women of Lemnos, which was rough and harsh, a speech to be flung out to slaves, and the other the language of Greece, which their fathers had spoken, and which Hypsipyle spoke in a way that made it sound like strange music.
		And when the Argonauts would have stories told the Lemnian maidens would forbid any tale that was about a god or a hero; only stories that were about the goddesses or about some maiden would they let be told.
		Orpheus, who knew the histories of the gods, would have told them many stories, but the only story of his that they would come from the dance to listen to was a story of the goddesses, of Demeter and her daughter Persephone.
	www.bartleby.com /72/9.html (1114 words)

	History of Language/Dhumbadji! Abstracts
		The early stages of research on the language are summarized chronologically in Grierson (1919) and Zarubin (1927), while work until 1970 is summarized in Klimov and Edel'man (1970).
		The distribution of the various words for the horse in the languages of the Eurasian continent suggests that its status could be far more complex than it is generally thought.
		In the process, he adduces data from other languages which may have come in contact with Uralic or be distantly related to it (such as Yukaghir and Indo-European), within the framework of East Nostratic.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/Work/dhumbabstracts.html (1707 words)

	Lemnos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		From the Argonauts and the Lemnian women were descended the race called Minyae, whose king Euiieus, son of Jason and Hypsipyle, sent wine and provisions to the Greeks at Troy.
		Scholars believe that the language of the inscription on this stele is akin to that of Etruscan (Rasna) Language.
		The Etruscan language is not known to be an Indo-European language and neither is the language of the inscription written on the Stele from Lemnos.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/clazomnae.htm (3865 words)

	Etruscan alphabet and language
		The Etruscan language was spoken by the Etruscans in Etruria (Tuscany and Umbria) until about the 1st century AD, after which it continued to be studied by priests and scholars.
		The language was used in religious ceremonies until the early 5th century.
		Etruscan is related to Raetic, a language once spoken in the Alps, and also to Lemnian, once spoken on the island of Lemnos.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/etruscan.htm (393 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Etruscan language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although some scholars claim that Etruscan is either distantly related to Indo-European, or even a member of the Indo-European branch of Anatolian languages (see Lemnian language)), and others that it is part of some theoretical super-family like Nostratic, there is no conclusive evidence of either.
		Neither language was ever written, and suggestive echoes in Roman placenames (see toponymy) and tribal designations have not been very fruitful yet.
		Another language that could be related to Etruscan is Raetian language, which shares with Etruscan some features such as grammatical inflections and vocabulary.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=etruscan_language (1090 words)

	Origins
		Yet, the similarity between Etruscan and the Lemnian inscriptions must be acknowledged and is admittedly difficult to explain.
		The language has some analogies with the tongues of Asia Minor, but philologists are in general agreement that both in its morphology and vocabulary it has many similarities with Etruscan.
		Though it does not afford conclusive proof that 'Lemnian' and Etruscan were the same, or even dialects of the same language, it provides a valuable link for those who accept an eastern origin and suggests that some Etruscans from Asia Minor may have settled in this Aegean island instead of continuing further west.
	users.tpg.com.au /etr/etrusk/po/origins.html (2293 words)

	Lemnos - Phantis Wiki
		The name Lemnos is said by Hecataeus to have been a title of Cybele among the Thracians, and the earliest inhabitants are said to have been a Thracian tribe, called by the Greeks Sinties, i.e.
		From the Argonauts and the Lemnian women were descended the race called Minyae, whose king Euneus, son of Jason and Hypsipyle, sent wine and provisions to the Greeks at Troy.
		Coming down to a better authenticated period, we find that Lemnos was conquered by Otanes, one of the generals of Darius I of Persia but was soon (510 BC) reconquered by Miltiades, the tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Lemnos (979 words)

	Pelasgians
		It appears to be written in a language which shows strong structural resemblances to Etruscan, and thus lends support to the tesimony of these ancient authors.
		But the Lydian language, known from surviving inscriptions of the 4th century BCE, is generally regarded as being related to the IE Anatolian group (Hittite/ Nesite, Palaic, Luwian), although its relatonship to this group is not clear.
		The proponents of this theory purported to have reconstructed an IE derived language, with a consonantal sound shift similar to that found in the Germanic languages and in Armenian.
	www.carolandray.plus.com /Eteocretan/Pelasgians.html (1158 words)

	The Ultimate Philostratus - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Eunapius and Synesius call him a Lemnian; Photius a Tyrian; his letters refer to him as an Athenian.
		It is probable that he was born in Lemnos, studied and taught at Athens, and then settled in Rome (where he would naturally be called atheniensis) as a member of the learned circle with which Julia Domna surrounded herself.
		It is a popular disquisition on the heroes of the Trojan War in the form of a conversation between a Thracian vine-dresser on the shore of the Hellespont and a Phoenician merchant who derives his knowledge from the hero Protesilaus, Palamedes is exalted at the expense of Odysseus, and Homer's unfairness to him is attacked.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Philostratus (623 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Small Families
		You have reached the page which groups together several small families, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		Note that a language called Iberian was spoken at the time of the Roman conquest along the Mediterranean coast of Spain, but linguists do not now believe it related to any other known language.
		There was also a language which has been given the name Tartessian spoken in southwestern Spain and southern Portugal about the same time, but again we know of no relation between Tartessian and any other language.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/smalfamh.htm (929 words)

	Kabeiroi - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The etymology of the name Κάβειροι (Kabeiroi) is unknown, and is probably a loan from the Lemnian language.
		The name of the Cabiri recalls Mount Kabeiros, a mountain in the region of Berekyntia in Asia Minor, closely associated with the Phrygian Mother Goddess.
		At Greek Thebes, there are more varied finds, which include many little bronze votive bulls and which carry on into Roman times, when the traveller Pausanias, always alert to the history of cults, learned that it was Demeter Kabeiriia who instigated the initiation cult there in the name of Prometheus and his son Aitnaios.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Cabiri (1132 words)

	The Etruscans: Reopening the Case of the Mute Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But the subsequent total extinction of the living language, the failure to bequeath to posterity any written literature, the final triumph of Christianity and the banning of the old-time augurs, relegated this once prominent culture to obscurity...
		Thucydides, a contemporary of Herodotus, wrote that the pre-Greek population of the island was Tyrrhenian (=Etruscan).
		The "inthos" place names are distributed across Italy to the east, into Anatolia, and the Etruscan language is related to Lydian (a fact that is agreed on by all but the most nationalist researchers).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/1185005/posts (1651 words)

	Etruscan civilization: Encyclopedia - Etruscan civilization
		The Villanovan culture, the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy, gave way in the 7th century to an increasingly orientalizing culture that was influenced by Greek traders and Greek neighbors in Magna Graecia, the Hellenic civilization of southern Italy.
		However, recent research, referencing burial rituals, shows that there was no break in practices from the earlier settlements of the Villanovan culture to the Etruscans, indicating that they were likely indigenous after all.
		Liber Linteus - An Etruscan inscription., Tabula Cortonensis - An Etruscan inscription., Cippus perusinus - An Etruscan inscription., Pyrgi Tablets - An Etruscan inscription., Lemnian language - A language closely related to Etruscan once spoken on the Aegean island of Lemnos.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Etruscan_civilization/id/472688 (935 words)

	[No title]
		So the Lemnian inscription is what it should be in its time and place, although any writing in the Aegean at that time was abnormal.
		Lemnians adapted Euboean letters to the dialect they spoke on Lemnos before Miltiades of Athens conquered that far east--as Etruscans in Italy adapted Euboean letters of the Bay-of-Naples area to theirs before Romans conquered that far south.
		An apparent Etruscan presence on Lemnos in the 6th century B.C. led to modern hypotheses that Etruscans colonized the North Aegean from Italy, and the reverse: that Archaic North Aegean-islanders emigrated to central Italy.
	www.wfu.edu /~cyclone/tifinag2.htm (10972 words)

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