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Topic: Lemniscus

	IX. Neurology. 4b. The Mid-brain or Mesencephalon. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The principal gray masses of the tegmentum are the red nucleus and the interpeduncular ganglion; of its fibers the chief longitudinal tracts are the superior peduncle, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the lemniscus.
		The medial lemniscus may be considered as the upward continuation of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord and to convey conscious impulses of muscle sense and tactile discrimination.
		Dorsally, it is partly separated from the gray substance of the quadrigeminal bodies by the fibers of the lemniscus; ventral to it are the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the formatio reticularis of the tegmentum.
	www.bartleby.com /107/188.html (3293 words)

	Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensation from the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex.
		At the medulla, the medial lemniscus is orientated perpendicular to the way the fibres travelled in the posterior columns.
		The medial lemniscus rotates 90 degrees at the pons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway (486 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 859
		The lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet), the continuation upward of the central path of hearing, consists of fibers which come from the cochlear nuclei of the same and the opposite side by way of the trapezoid body and from the preolivary nuclei.
		The axons of the lower nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, which arise from the larger stellate or spindle-shaped cells, with long, smooth, much branched dendrites, are said by some authors to join the lateral lemniscus, but according to Cajal they pass medially toward the raphé; their termination is unknown.
		A few of the fibers are said to pass by the inferior colliculus to terminate in the middle portion of the stratum griseum of the superior colliculus, and are probably concerned with reflex movements of the eyes depending on acoustic stimuli.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page859.html (744 words)

	Medial lemniscus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus.
		It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus system, which transmits touch, as well as the pathway for proprioception.
		The cuneate and gracile nuclei reside at the closed (lower) medulla, so the lemniscus isn't formed at this level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medial_lemniscus (232 words)

	APStracts 2:0305N, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1) The synaptic pharmacology of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) of the rat was investigated in a brain slice preparation of the auditory midbrain.
		Synaptic potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral lemniscus or commissure of Probst and pharmacological effects were tested by bath application of amino acid agonists and antagonists.
		The membrane resistance of the neurons was decreased by GABA and glycine in a solution of either normal or calcium free saline in a concentration dependent manner.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/jn/November/305n.html (578 words)

	Medical Neurosciences
		NUCLEUS (C.N. NUCLEUS GRACILIS and CUNEATUS and THE MEDIAL LEMNISCUS
		The medial lemniscus is thus a large ascending bundle of heavily myelinated axons (fast conducting) whose cell bodies lie in the contralateral nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus.
		The medial lemniscus passes rostrally through the medulla, pons and midbrain to terminate in the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /virtualbrain/BrainStem/04NGNC.html (472 words)

	Joint position sense and vibration sense: anatomical organisation and assessment -- Gilman 73 (5): 473 -- Journal of ...
		DC fibres from sacral and lumbar segments terminate in the gracile (G) nucleus and fibres from thoracic and cervical segments terminate in the cuneate (C) nucleus of the medulla.
		Fibres projecting from the G and C nuclei pass across the midline and enter the medial lemniscus, which ascends to the ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus.
		Neurons emanating from the gracile and cuneate nuclei
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/5/473 (3751 words)

	IX. Neurology. 5h. The Acoustic Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		In the upper part of the lateral lemniscus there is a collection of nerve cells, the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, around the cells of which some of the fibers arborize and from the cells of which axons originate to continue upward the tract of the lateral lemniscus.
		The ultimate ending of the left lateral lemniscus is partly in the opposite medial geniculate body, and partly in the inferior colliculi.
		From the cells of these bodies new fibers arise and ascend in the occipital part of the internal capsule to reach the posterior three-fifths of the left superior temporal gyrus and the transverse temporal gyri.
	www.bartleby.com /107/203.html (540 words)

	Neuroanatomy
		Identify the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei and the roots of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
		Also you should be able to identify the inferior cerebellar peduncle, inferior olivary nucleus, medial lemniscus, medial longitudinal fasciculus, the pyramids, and the nucleus and tractus solitarius.
		Also note the medial lemniscus, the spinothalamic tracts and the lateral lemniscus which are easily defined here because the fibers and nuclei of the trapezoid body are not present in the rostral pons.
	webteach.mccs.uky.edu /COM/DLOTW_cd/na_images_fr_2b.html (1191 words)

	ICP monitors
		It stays just lateral to the medial lemniscus in the dorsal pons, and behind it in the medulla to reach the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, mainly in VPL (VPM is trigeminothalamic).
		Some spinal lemniscus fibers end on the posterior and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, which project to the secondary somesthetic area, and to other thalamic nuclei, respectively.
		There may be a few additionl synapses along the way, especially in the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and in the inferior olivary nucleus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.1-Anatomy-Brain&SC/SummaryofSystems.html (1648 words)

	V414input06.html
		Axons from the thalamus pass though the internal capsule and white matter of the parietal lobe to relay the somesthetic signals to the postcentral gyrus, -- the primary sensory cortex.
		The spinothalamic tracts join the medial lemniscus in the midbrain and thereafter follow the same overall pathway as the somesthetic system in general.
		While the medial lemniscus belongs to the somesthetic system, the lateral lemniscus is major conduit of the auditory system.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/v414input06.html (2491 words)

	Prof George Pollak's Research
		The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) sends a strong input that utilizes GABA exclusively as the inhibitory transmitter.
		The projection from the columnar portion of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLLc) uses glycine as its inhibitory transmitter.
		These questions will be answered by recording responses of IC neurons to species-specific calls before, during and after reversible inactivation of each of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus.
	www.utexas.edu /neuroscience/Neurobiology/GeorgePollak/research.html (578 words)

	APStracts 6:0103N, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Physiological Properties of Neurons in the Rat's Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus: Intrinsic Membrane Properties and Synaptic Responses.
		The physiological properties including current voltage relationships, firing patterns and synaptic responses of the neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) were studied in brain slices taken through the young rat's (17-37 days old) auditory brainstem.
		Intracellular recordings were made from VNLL neurons, and synaptic potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral lemniscus ventral to the VNLL.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/jn/March/103n.html (407 words)

	Carleton University - Psychology - Directory - Jack Kelly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Of particular interest are neural structures in the auditory brainstem and forebrain that contribute to the perception of sound and the ability to determine the location of a sound in space.
		Kelly, J.B. and Kidd, S.A. NMDA and AMPA receptors in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus shape binaural responses in the rat's inferior colliculus.
		Kelly, J.B., Liscum, A., van Adel, B. and Ito, M. Projections from the superior olive and lateral lemniscus to tonotopic regions of the rat's inferior colliculus.
	www.carleton.ca /psychology/directory/kelly_j.html (646 words)

	Therapy Information Services - Neuroscience
		In the caudal pons, the trapezoid body is between the lemniscal fibers and the pontocerebellar fibers and indicates the crossing of the acoustic fibers from the cochlear nuclei, which ascend into the MB as the lateral lemniscus and terminate in the inf colliculus.
		Beneath the floor of the ventricle (in the tegmentum), are CN nuclei for XI, VII motor nucl, and the motor nucleus of V. The sensory nucleus of V ends in the pons, near the origin of the trigeminal n.
		The sup olivary nucl and this nucl of the lateral lemniscus are though to establish reflexes with V and VII, mediating tensor tympani and stapedius reflexes.
	www.therapyedu.com /neuro/chap12.htm (4974 words)

	Virtual Hospital: The Human Brain: Chapter 4: The Brainstem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At this level the medial lemniscus is oriented transversely and lies against the ventral part of the tegmentum.
		The spinal lemniscus lies lateral to the medial lemniscus, and the trigeminal lemniscus lies dorsolateral to it.
		The lateral lemniscus is a vertically oriented strip of white matter ascending close to the lateral margin of the pontine tegmentum.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/Ch4Text/Section12.html (278 words)

	1999; Developmental changes in physiological function in the rat's dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus studied ...
		The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) is one of the essential structures in the auditory brainstem associated with the analysis of binaural inputs and computation of auditory space.
		To better understand the development of the DNLL, intrinsic membrane properties and synaptic responses of DNLL neurons in brain slice preparations were examined from developing Wistar rats.
		Synaptic potentials with excitatory predominance, were elicited by electrical stimulation of the commissure of Probst (CP) and the lateral lemniscus (LL) throughout the three age groups.
	www.aro.org /archives/1999/567.html (315 words)

	Ans : pons 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The medial lemniscus has been twisted now, in the area around 'C', the medial longitudinal fasciculus keeping closer to the the floor of the ventricle.
		The spinal lemniscus is pushed and spread out laterally beyond the medial lemniscus.
		The elevation at 'E' is due to the nucleus of VI with the fibres of VII curving around it.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hb207/NSPict/022zPonsAns.htm (303 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		lis, [TA] lateral lemniscus: a tract of longitudinal fibers extending upward through the lateral part of the tegmental substance of the pons, formed chiefly by fibers arising from the opposite cochlear nuclei and the trapezoid body, and ascending to terminate in the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body.
		Each lemniscus carries sensory impulses from the opposite side of the body.
		lis, [TA] trigeminal lemniscus: a group of fibers conveying sensory impulses from the trigeminal nuclei to the ventral posterior part of the opposite thalamus; it ascends intermingled with the spinal lemniscus and adjacent medial lemniscus.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_l_06zPzhtm (4948 words)

	Virtual Hospital: The Human Brain: Chapter 4: The Brainstem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The medial lemniscus is detectable in this preparation as a narrow, dark strip; the trigeminal lemniscus (trigemino-thalamic fibers) and spinal lemniscus (spinothalamic fibers) being located dorsoiateral to it.
		The medial and spinal lemnisci are pathways by which sensory information is transmitted from one half of the body to the thalamus of the opposite side; the trigeminal lemnisci convey sensations from the head region primarily to the thalamus of the opposite side.
		The lateral lemniscus carries auditory information, and is a narrow ribbon of fibers all of which eventually synapse in the gray matter of the inferior colliculus.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/Ch4Text/Section13.html (308 words)

	ICP monitors
		• In the midbrain, the lemniscus bends outward to lie along the surface of the brainstem.
		In the pons and medulla, the tract may become associated with the medial lemniscus, or it may join the lateral lemniscus to form a spinothalamic lemniscus.
		Axons probably ascend in or near the medial lemniscus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.1-Anatomy-Brain&SC/DorsalColumn.html (886 words)

	Welcome to Buggtussel
		When we designed the Lemniscus, the decision was made to place the crossover in an external box.
		Removing the crossover from the sheer amount of energy developed within the cabinet meant that we were able to isolate and protect the crossover from vibration.
		Fully able to be tri-amped and/or tri-wired, the Lemniscus allows for freedom and exploration with different amplifiers and connecting wires.
	www.buggtussel.com /lemniscus.html (166 words)

	BS 4. Nucleus Gracilis and Cuneatus and the ML - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Axons from cells in nucleus gracilis and cuneatus pass ventrally as internal arcuate fibers, cross the midline and form the medial lemniscus.
		Medial lemniscus ascends to V.P.L. Cells in V.P.L. project to somatosensory cortex.
		Lesion in the medial lemniscus results in CONTRA.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /Bs97/TEXT/P4/overview.htm (149 words)

	That's Life!...and the world around you. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Lemniscus threw a very broad and deep soundstage, and equals the best attack of the leading edge of the transients in notes of any speakers in this roundup.
		One recording I used opens with a track with the sound of ice cubes being dropped into a glass, that is followed by pouring a carbonated beverage into it with that followed by a person walking across a room...
		Finally, the Lemniscus are very forgiving of placement and seating options available to still maintain their soundstaging.
	www.thatslifemag.com /audiovideo/ancillaryspeakercomponents2.asp (5311 words)

	Hyperpolarization-Activated Inward Current in Neurons of the Rat's Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus In Vitro -- ...
		dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in vitro.
		, C. Stimulation or blockade of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus alters binaural and tonic inhibition in contralateral inferior colliculus neurons.
		, J. Inhibitory influence of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus on binaural responses in the rat's inferior colliculus.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/5/2235 (4282 words)

	StereoTimes -- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When you look up the term Lemniscus in a medical dictionary you learn that it is defined as "the neural path that conveys the body's sense of fine touch to the brain." I must say, given this speakers ability to resolve information and uncover fine detail, the name is highly apropos.
		When the Lemniscus' arrived, I was using a very effective biamp configuration consisting of the luscious Pass Labs Aleph 3 on the M/T drivers and a Hafler Trans-nova P-1500 providing duty for the woofers.
		One of our goals when designing the Lemniscus was to create a speaker for larger rooms that could both handle great dynamics and remain focused and coherent, yet be equally listenable in smaller rooms.
	www.stereotimes.com /speak090302.shtm (2650 words)

	[No title]
		The inferior colliculus is a relay nucleus in the auditory pathway.
		It receives auditory impulses from lateral lemniscus and receives feedback impulses from auditory cortex and medial geniculate.
		At this level the medial lemniscus is more lateral and follows the contour of the substantia nigra.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/ua14.wbc (1677 words)

	Slide 36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Medial Lemnisci at this level are "vertically" oriented adjacent to the midline, but at levels above the inferior olivary nuclei they diverge and come to lie horizontally as they make their way to the Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus (VPL).
		Fibers emanating from the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus cross and ascend in the most dorsal part of the contralateral Medial Lemniscus as the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract and terminate in the Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus of the Thalamus (VPM).
		The Tectospinal Tract (TST) arises in the Superior Colliculus or Tectum and courses immediately dorsal to the Medial Lemniscus; it projects to neck muscle motorneurons in the upper cervical cord.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/Neuro/nlBSs/nl36s.html (222 words)

	[No title]
		On leaving the lateral lemniscus, auditory fibers continue to synapse in their ascent to the cortex.
		No, the answer is C. The medial lemniscus is horizontal and medially placed with rootlets of the 6th C.N. passing through it.
		A lesion in the medial lemniscus, on the left, would damage the rootlets and produce the findings described.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/ua15.wbc (2305 words)

	The Lateral Lemniscus carries the input and the Reticular formation alerts the Cerebrum that it is coming. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Lateral Lemniscus carries the input and the Reticular formation alerts the Cerebrum that it is coming.
		These neural pathways which carry this auditory input up the sides of the brainstem are called the Lateral Lemniscus.
		There is one more wrinkle in the process of hearing, however.
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s81_folder.100/tsld042.htm (222 words)

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