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Topic: Lemon battery

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Electrochemistry

	Greatest Inventions-- Battery -- Dry Cell
		A car battery is a true "battery" because it uses multiple cells inside of it that are connected together in series, thus forming a battery.
		A battery explosion is usually caused by the misuse or malfunction of a battery (such as the recharging of a non-rechargable battery or shorting a car battery).
		When a non-rechargeable battery is recharged at a high rate, an explosive gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen may be produced faster than it can escape from within the walls of the battery, leading to pressure build-up and a possible explosion.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/battery.htm (2309 words)

	Lemon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lemon is a cultivated hybrid deriving from wild species such as the citron and mandarin.
		A common school experiment involving lemons is to attach electrodes and use them as a battery to power a light.
		Lemon myrtle is popular in foods that curdle with lemon juice, such as cheesecake and ice cream.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lemon (975 words)

	Lemon Battery
		Creating a battery from a lemon is a common project in many science text books.
		Batteries like this will not be able to run a motor or energize most light bulbs.
		It is OK to connect an LED to a lemon battery.
	www.hilaroad.com /camp/projects/lemon/lemon_battery.html (741 words)

	Lemon Car - EG Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Measure the voltage in the lemon battery using the digital multi-meter and record it.
		Since your lemon car can be powered by either a lemon battery or a (lemon battery charged) capacitor you may modify it any way you deem fit.
		Since your lemon car can be powered by either a lemon battery or a (lemon battery charged) capacitor the start procedures for the competition are different.
	egmanual.poly.edu /index.php?title=Lemon_Car (2533 words)

	The Atoms Family - Frankenstein's Lab - Fruity Electricity
		You remember that a battery is nothing more that a device that stores metals and chemicals.
		Measure the pH of each "battery" and see if there is a relationship between the pH of the juice and the amount of light that is produced.
		Batteries are an important part of today's highly charged electrical society.
	www.miamisci.org /af/sln/frankenstein/fruity.html (302 words)

	What is a Lemon Battery?
		A lemon battery is a classic science experiment used to demonstrate the basics of a chemical battery system.
		The lemon contains a significant amount of acidic juice, which in scientific terminology is an electrolyte.
		A series of four lemon batteries may be enough to power a small light-emitting diode (LED).
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-lemon-battery.htm (511 words)

	Make Your Own Lemon Battery
		The lemon battery is called a voltaic battery, which changes chemical energy into electrical energy.
		The battery is made up of two different metals (the zinc nail and the copper penny).
		These are called electrodes, which are the parts of a battery where electric current enters or leaves the battery.
	www.quantumbalancing.com /news/lemon_battery.htm (854 words)

	The Lemon Battery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The reason is that a lemon battery cannot deliver the current necessary to light a bulb.
		Remove the capacitor for the lemon battery and connect it to the lamp in its holder.
		At the cathode [copper] the reaction is [lemon juice is citric acid; an acid is characterized by H
	www.mtsu.edu /~pdlee/new_sci442/less_matl/chemistry/chem_lemon.html (1597 words)

	Lemon battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lemon battery is an experiment proposed as a project in many science textbooks around the world.
		A lemon cell battery is made with a lemon and two metallic electrodes of different metals.
		In a lemon battery, both oxidation and reduction occur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lemon_battery (308 words)

	The Lemon Battery
		Shake and roll the lemon on a table to "activate" the juices in the lemon.
		The acid in the lemon reacts differently with each of the two metals.
		Regular batteries are very similar to your lemon battery.
	www.ushistory.org /franklin/fun/lemon.htm (365 words)

	Lemon Battery
		Continue connecting the lemons by using alligator clips to bridge from lemon to lemon, connecting pennies to paperclips.
		The first and last lemons in the row will have a paperclip and a penny that are not wired to the rest of the battery.
		Lemons that are not working well can be adjusted by squeezing them to break up more of the tissue inside, moving the penny and the paperclip, or refastening the wires to the penny and the paperclip in slightly different locations.
	wow.osu.edu /experiments/electricity/lemon.html (711 words)

	Instructions for Making a Homebrew Battery
		For many years, before batteries were mass produced, electrical experimenters had to make their own batteries and many concoctions were tried.
		By connecting 3 or 4 batteries in series however you should be able to light up an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or a small flashlight.
		The lemon acts as a battery case holding the lemon juice (citric acid) which acts as the electrolyte.
	www.mpoweruk.com /homebrew.htm (419 words)

	The Lemon Battery Challenge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dry cells (such as flashlight batteries) are the alkaline batteries that use a powder chemical for an electrolyte; wet cells (such as car batteries) use acids as the electrolyte.
		The students will create a wet cell battery using the juice of a lemon, which is a mild acid, as the electrolyte.
		The battery voltage (V) should read approximately 1.5 Volts -- show that this is written on the side of the battery, confirming in the students’ minds that the multimeter works properly.
	www.eweek.org /site/DiscoverE/activities/lemon.shtml (1220 words)

	11566. Lemon juice as energy
		Flashlight batteries that you buy at a store have a zinc case, with a carbon rod in the center, and they are filled with a conductive fl glop.
		Your lemon battery has a zinc rod instead of a zinc case, because your battery is "open" for inspection instead of sealed.
		Your lemon battery has a copper rod instead of a carbon rod.
	www.finishing.com /115/66.shtml (190 words)

	Experiments in Electrochemistry
		Roll the lemon firmly with the palm of your hand on a tabletop or other hard surface in order to break up some of the small sacks of juice within the lemon.
		In a battery, there is always a flow of electrons in the external circuit (the electrical circuit or device) and a corresponding flow in the internal circuit (the electrolytic circuit).
		Since the electromotive force of a battery is dependant not only upon the nature it's components, but also upon the concentration of it's electrolytes, the gradient of concentrations that results from the production of electricity causes the battery to generate lower and lower voltages and currents until finally it is considered dead.
	www.angelfire.com /ab6/userper/fun_sci.htm (5618 words)

	::SCOPE::
		The battery is made up of two different metals (the steel paper clip and the copper wire).
		If your lemon battery doesn't light an LED you could try making your electrodes bigger by using copper sheet instead of copper wire, different metal electrodes like zinc or magnesium, or more than two lemons in series.
		Using the wires and clips, join the four lemon cells together, so that the nail of the first lemon is connected to the copper of the second lemon, and so on.
	www.csiro.au /scope/activities/e05c01activity.htm (819 words)

	Electrical Fruit Power
		This article describes a classroom demo where several "lemon batteries" in series, along with a capacitor to accumulate charge, were used to set off a flash cube.
		The other article, titled "A Lemon-Powered Clock", claims that a series pair of lemon batteries can be used to power a quartz watch (the authors say you can get only 0.6 - 0.7 volt from a lemon battery.) They claim that you can do this with oranges and potatoes as well.
		Another book I looked in suggests that you roll the lemons between your hands before using them; I presume that this is to release more lemon juice from the tissues.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy99/phy99003.htm (286 words)

	Fruit Power
		Press down with your hand and roll until you feel the lemon become sort of “squishy.” The purpose of this is to release the juice inside the lemon.
		Then, with the wires and clips, join the three lemon cells together, so that the screw of the first lemon is connected to the coin of the second lemon, and so on.
		When connected like this in what is called a series connection, the lemons work together to create about the same voltage, or electrical force, as a couple of small flashlight batteries, somewhere between 2.5 and 3 volts.
	www.seed.slb.com /en/scictr/lab/fruit/index.htm (1179 words)

	Lemon Battery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Lemon battery can be used to power a buzzer.
		Lemon: V = ~0.9 V, I = ~0.5 mA.
		Maximize current by rolling/pressing lemon on table, putting metal strips in deep and close together.
	www.oberlin.edu /physics/catalog/demonstrations/em/lemon.html (70 words)

	General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Redox reactions: How can I make a battery out of a lemon?
		Squeeze the lemon without breaking through the peel to release the juices inside.
		Connect the copper terminal of one lemon cell with the zinc terminal of another; attach the remaining copper and zinc electrodes to the bulb and try again.
		If you build several different batteries you'll notice that the output voltage depends on the fruit, the electrode materials, the placement of the electrodes, and other factors.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/redox/faq/lemon-battery.shtml (443 words)

	BENJAMIN FRANKLIN & TODAY’S LEMON BATTERY
		The lemon battery test provides youth with a hands-on experiment, demonstrating that electricity can be found all around us, even in our fruits and vegetables.
		Be careful not to puncture the lemon’s skin, causing some of the juice to be lost.
		The lemon juice, which is slightly acid (that’s why it is bitter), acts as the electrolyte, reacting differently with two metals.
	www.bfip.org /ith/bflemon.html (791 words)

	ZOOM . activities . sci . Lemon Battery II \| PBS Kids
		Cut your lemon, or whatever kind of fruit you're using for your battery, in half so that the penny is in one half and the paper clip in the other half.
		I used a lemon, a potato, an apple, and a banana.
		The lemon came in second about 2 volts behind, and the apple was last.
	pbskids.org /zoom/activities/sci/lemonbatteryii.html (1219 words)

	ZOOM . activities . sci . Lemon Battery \| PBS Kids
		I did it a different way I put a battery in each lemon then I found two wiers and a light boulb then hooked the wiers to the batterys then got the light boulb and hooked it to the wiers then it lit up.
		I made it with lemons and light bulbs at first but it didn't work so I tryed it with a digital clock.
		Our lemon battery didn't work until we hooked 5 lemons together.
	pbskids.org /zoom/activities/sci/lemonbattery.html (1165 words)

	Science Project: Make a Battery Using a Lemon - Activities & Projects Science
		A voltaic battery, which is what the lemon battery is, changes chemical energy into electrical energy.
		Electrodes are the parts of the battery where current enters or leaves the battery; in our case the electrodes are the paper clip and wire.
		To connect the lemons together use a flexible, thin wire to connect the silver wire of one lemon to the copper wire of the other.
	quantum.phpwebhosting.com /~tastes/ksf/projects/project1001.html (460 words)

	WAC \| Joseph Beuys \| Energy
		In batteries, energy is transformed (from chemical to electrical) as well as stored, and these qualities led Beuys to use the battery as an image in many of his large-scale sculptures.
		One of his most lighthearted multiples is Capri Battery (1985), a yellow lightbulb in a portable socket that is "plugged into" a lemon.
		With its bright yellow color alluding to the sunny landscape of southern Italy, the battery suggests that a marriage of art, science, and nature can nourish and heal an ailing culture (or individual) with an almost magical energy.
	www.walkerart.org /archive/4/9C4311B2C56C80996167.htm (562 words)

	Lemon Battery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Connect the alligator clips to the "leads" and the terminals on the gauge.
		I actually set up three lemons in this fashion, with jumpers joining the cathode of each lemon to the anode of another.
		The insertion depth of the leads inside the lemons varies the current, but the voltage stays constant regardless.
	www.checkoway.com /lemon_battery.html (124 words)

	Energy from Food
		It is a battery made up of two different metals called electrodes (part of a battery where electric curr ent enters or leaves the battery-like the positive and negative ends of an Energizer/Duracell), which are placed in a liquid containing an electrolyte (a substance whose water solution can conduct electricity).
		In a solution of water plus and elec trolyte, such as the acid in the lemon, an excess of electrons collects on one of the electrodes at the same time electrons are lost form the other electrode.
		Using two separate fl wires and alligator clips, connect one wire to the paper clip in the first lemon and the second wire to the penny in the second lemon.
	hcs.harvard.edu /~sumsci/lessons/energyfromfood.html (2016 words)

	La Casa De Comida - In the Lab - Fun Experiments with Food - Lemon Battery
		Batteries contain a chemical called an electrolyte, which allows a chemical reaction to occur between the electrodes, which creates electricity.
		Place a brass drawing pin or tack and a steel paper clip into opposite sides of a fresh lemon.
		The juice of the lemon acts as an electrolyte, similar to the contents of a battery.
	library.advanced.org /15873/lab/fun/lemon.shtml (136 words)

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