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Lenape

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	Lenape - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lenape were the people living in the vicinity of New York Bay and in the Delaware Valley at the time of the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th and 17th century.
		When a Lenape reached adulthood, he or she traditionally married outside of his or her phratry, a practice known by ethnographers as "exogamy", which effectively served to prevent inbreeding even among individuals whose kinship relationship was obscure or unknown.
		The Lenape were continually crowded out by European settlers and pressured to move in several stages over a period of about 175 years with the main body arriving in the Northeast region Oklahoma in the 1860s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lenape (1474 words)

	Lenape language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lenape (also called Delaware) is a language in the Algonquian language family spoken by the Lenape people.
		Lenape is a word in the Unami dialect whose most literal translation into English would be "the people".
		The Lenape names for the area they inhabited were Scheyischbi, which means, "the place bordering the ocean," and Lenapehoking, meaning "place where the people live," although the latter is not universally accepted as historical.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unami (266 words)

	Delaware River \| Lenape
		Lenape references to the white man can be traced to the fifteenth century, and they probably inhabited the area long before the earliest European explorations.
		Lenape villages, grouped in a distinct geographical area, were loosely bonded by a common totem symbol and a distinct dialect.
		Because a Lenape legend held that at one time the world had been held on the back of a great turtle, the chief of the Unami was the most respected Lenape chief.
	www.newhopepa.com /DelawareRiver/Lenape2.htm (2519 words)

	Lenape Language and the Delaware Indian Tribe (Lenap, Unami, Lenni Lenape Indians)
		Language:: Lenap, also known as Unami or Delaware, is an Algonquian language once spoken in New Jersey and Delaware.
		As with many dying Indian languages, there has been a resurgence in interest among some of the younger generation of Lenapes, and efforts to revive the language are underway.
		Most Lenapes were eventually forced to relocate to Oklahoma in the 1860's, where they entered an uneasy union with the Cherokee Nation, regaining their own tribal status only in 1996.
	www.native-languages.org /lenape.htm (592 words)

	The Lenape Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Unfortunately it is almost an extinct language with only a few elders, all 90+ in age, who speak it fluently.
		Also, Lenape lacks the sounds of R, F, TH, V. However it adds the sound written as X (or ch in German) which sounds a bit like clearing the throat.
		This is an old form from the Delaware Jargon, a trade language used between the Lenape and the whites.
	www.web-savvy.com /river/Schuylkill/new_lenape.html (431 words)

	Facts for Kids: Lenni Lenape Indian Tribe (Delaware Indians, Lenapes)
		We encourage students, especially older kids, to look through our main Lenape language and culture pages for more in-depth information about the tribe, but here are some straightforward answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Lenni Lenape pictures and links we believe are especially suitable for all ages.
		Other Lenape descendants live with their near kinfolk the Munsee or Nanticoke, in small Lenne Lenape communities in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, or hidden in the general population at one of the many points along their forced travels.
		Some older Lenapes still know a little of their native Lenape language, and there is interest among the younger people in reviving its use.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/lenape_kids.htm (1362 words)

	Lenape Language of the Delaware Indians, ÏíáæíÑ, التدريب- ...
		'Lenape Language of the Delaware Indians' is a CD-ROM with a basic introducion to the Delaware or "Lenape" Indian Language.
		It is designed to be used on a computer and it's purpose is to teach the basics of the "Lenape" language.
		On the Lenape Language CD, each word is pronounced by a native Lenape speaker and is illustrated by a photograph.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Arabic/Products/42391.htm (388 words)

	Rainbow Crow: Teacher's Guide
		Lenapes were a matrilineal tribe, meaning birthrights were passed through the mothers.
		Lenapes also practiced matrilocality; a newly married husband was required to move in with his wife's family, rather than the new wife relocating to her husband's household, as is often the custom in other patriarchal cultures.
		The Lenape language is part of the Algonquin linguistic family.
	www.si.umich.edu /chico/RainbowCrow/teacher.htm (2257 words)

	ICT [2000/10/04] Delaware release language CD for computers
		The 1990 Native American Languages Act was supposed to preserve and promote the rights and freedom of American Indians to use, practice and develop Native languages.
		It is part of an effort to save the Lenape language by getting the information out to tribal members in a method that is simple to use.
		Lenape is already being taught to youngsters in the tribe's day care centers.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=2467 (776 words)

	"the People's Paths!" NAIIP News Path! - Delaware Tribe Receives Language Grant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although this language has been studied in the past and belongs to the widely studied Algonquian family, little information about the structure of the speaking members of the tribe or the public.
		It was also significant as the language used between the Lenape and the early Dutch, Swedish, and English settlers in the area.
		The language remained in use in Oklahoma through the 20th century and survived in the memory of 98-year-old Ceremonial Chief, Edward Leonard Thompson, until the last day of August 2002, when he passed away.
	www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net /News2002/0211/Delaware021126LanguageGrant.htm (480 words)

	American Indian Language Resources
		Alaska Native Language Center Established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages.
		Learning an Endangered Language A partial list of endangered languages and information on how and where they may be studied, where recordings may be obtained, etc. (more information on some of these and other languages can be found at the University of Minnesota Less Commonly Taught Languages page).
		Institute for the Preservation of the Original Languages of the Americas The Institute for the Preservation of the Original Languages of the Americas collaborates with indigenous communities to revitalize and perpetuate the languages and culture of the original inhabitants of the Americas.
	www2005.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp /~krkvls/lang.html (1693 words)

	Delaware language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Delaware is an Algonquin language spoken mostly in Oklahoma, though historically it was spoken in the northeastern part of the USA, especially in New Jersey and Delaware.
		The language is almost extinct; only a few elders speak it, all of whom are over 90 years old.
		As with many Native American languages, many younger Lenape are trying to learn the language of their ancestors, but it is difficult.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/delaware.htm (174 words)

	Canku Ota - November 30, 2002 - The Vanishing Voice of the Lenape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Stonefish, 30, is Lenape, a proud member of the Delaware Nation and descendant of a sad and bloody history.
		The Lenape once dominated a broad region that included all of what is now New Jersey, but by the time Stonefish was born, their language and culture were careening toward extinction.
		Today, the largest group of Lenape is clustered north of Tulsa, in and around the little town of Bartlesville, while a smaller group is based to the west in Anadarko.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues02/Co11302002/CO_11302002_Lenape.htm (4244 words)

	Upper Southampton History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tamanend spoke an Algonkian language which was quite different from that of the Iroquois to the north.
		The Lenape Indians, however, already had liberty and security in their communal society where individual wealth was of little importance.
		In that year the Lenape Indians sent a letter to the King of England affirming their support and high regard for Penn who was in serious trouble with the royal government.
	www.southamptonpa.com /tamanend.html (2429 words)

	Lenape (Delaware) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lenape Language Lessons is also available from Audio-Forum (96 Broad St., Guilford, CT 06437; 1-800-243-1234) for $29.50.
		The Delaware Language, an 88-page volume, is the collaborative effort of Lucy Blalock, a native speaker of the language now in her 80s, SSILA member James Rementer (an adopted member of a Delaware-speaking family), and Bruce Pearson, a linguist at the Univ. of South Carolina.
		It is an outgrowth of language classes conducted by Blalock and includes basic noun and verb patterns with practice exercises, a few short texts, and a 600-item English-Delaware and Delaware-English dictionary.
	linguistics.buffalo.edu /ssila/learning/lenape.htm (456 words)

	Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians.
		The Lenape and their legends / with the complete text and symbols of the Walam olum, a new translation, and an inquiry into its authenticity.
		Presents basic language instruction in Lenape, the Delaware language spoken by the Delaware Indians.
	www.bergen.org /ourstory/projects/lenape/Resources.html (638 words)

	Standing Bear's Language Page:Common Words and Phrases in Lenape
		The homeland of the people who spoke Lenape consisted of all of what is now New Jersey, the eastern portion of Pennsylvania, the northern portion of Delaware, and the south eastern portion of New York.
		According to Nora Thompson Dean by 1979 the number of people who were fluent speakers of the Lenape language was less than two dozen in the United States.
		Nora was very concern about the possibility on the Lenape language being lost for ever, so in 1979 she wrote a book called Lenape Language Lessons One and Two and recorded tapes on the proper translations of key words.
	www.jersey.net /~standingbear/language.htm (197 words)

	LENAPE - The Language
		Geographic distance, time of separation, difference in experiences and history all cause a shift in phonetic speach (Lenape who were forced by the Trail of Tears to move to Ok. speak differently than those who ended up staying on the east coast).
		Clicking on the Lenape to the right of the definition will let you hear how it is said.
		One of the most important words/phrases in any language is "Thank you".
	home.earthlink.net /~lenapelanguage (253 words)

	Ironman Triathlon for Delaware Language
		The Lenape language was the language of trade used to talk to the earliest European settlers - the Dutch, Swedes, and English.
		There, English was the only language allowed to be used, and they were punished severely for speaking their native languages.
		The youngest generation of Lenape to have grown up using Lenape as their primary language were people born before 1920.
	hometown.aol.com /lenapelang/myhomepage/business.html (918 words)

	Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages
		We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
		Actually, Native American languages do not belong to a single Amerindian family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of natives speaking most of these languages and how little is known about many of them.
		These are linguistically diverse languages deserving of individual attention, and it is very difficult to make accurate generalizations about them as a group.
	www.native-languages.org (1052 words)

	North Jersey Highlands Historical Society
		I use the Northern Unami orthography of the Moravian missionaries when writing Lenape words, which is a modified version of the German pronunciation of the alphabet.
		The Lenape word, lenno, can only mean "man," in the sense of "male." P. says that "human person" is how Lenape is usually translated.
		Besides linguistics, Professor Pritchard expounds on the archaeology, prehistory, history, religion and culture of the Lenape and other New York Algonquians in his book; and, his exposition of those subjects equals, in every respect, his efforts with the Lenape language.
	www.northjerseyhistory.org /history/lenape.htm (3626 words)

	Internet Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Kaska language course at the University of British Columbia.
		This analysis purports that Shawnee is a split-ergative language and was written by April Fillippini for her Senior Thesis in her undergraduate work in Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma.
		Many Voices, One Language - the new website of the Lakota Language Consortium, a group of educational institutions, communities and individuals committed to halting the loss of the Lakota language on the northern plains.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/Links/languagelinks.stm (1462 words)

	Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians: Homepage
		The name DELAWARE was given to the people who lived along the Delaware River, and the river in turn was named after Lord de la Warr, the governor of the Jamestown colony.
		In our language, which belongs to the Algonquian language family, we call ourselves LENAPE (len-NAH-pay) which means something like "The People." Our ancestors were among the first Indians to come in contact with the Europeans (Dutch, English, and Swedish) in the early 1600s.
		The land belonged to the Creator, and the Lenape people were only using it to shelter and feed their people.
	www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us (723 words)

	Native Americans: Delaware/Lenape History and Culture
		As a complement to our Lenape language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Lenape people and various aspects of their society.
		Lenape history is interesting and important, but the Lenape are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern authors as well as traditional folklore, contemporary artwork as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		Homepages of tribal groups of Lenape descendents in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
	www.native-languages.org /lenape_culture.htm (395 words)

	"the People's Paths home page!" First People's Language
		Teaching Indigenous Languages "This site is an outgrowth of a series of conferences started in 1994 at Northern Arizona University focusing on the linguistic, educational, social, and political issues related to the survival of the endangered indigenous languages of the world." (See information concerning upcoming dates for future conferences.) Contact Jon Reyhner
		Aboriginal Languages Initiative Objective: "The Aboriginal Languages Initiative maintains and revitalizes Aboriginal languages for future generations by increasing the number of Aboriginal language speakers, by encouraging the transmission of these languages from generation to generation, and by expanding language usage in family and community settings.
		The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas "SSILA was founded in December 1981 as the international scholarly organization representing American Indian linguistics, and was incorporated in 1997.
	www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net /language.html (4821 words)

	Indigenous Language Institute: Sharing Circle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Through our Sharing Circle, we invite language practitioners throughout the indigenous world to share stories of success, challenges and concerns.
		The Indigenous Language Institute invites you to share your views, post questions online, and let your voice be heard in our Visitor Forum.
		A survey of language and culture retention on the Northwest Coast is being organized by Guy Buchholtzer, an associate of CELIA (Centre d'Etudes des Langues Indigenes de l'Amerique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris).
	www.indigenous-language.org /sharing/index.php (430 words)

	Indianz.Com Message Board - Is This "Our Boy" Teme???? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		the language book has a lot that is grammerly incorrect, etc..
		The language text has been recommended by Lënape language instructors to a major NY university's library and native studies program......not a bad track record for something which you call "bull".
		Zweisberger, Heckewelder, and etc. would be shocked to learn that it was not the Lënape they lived among and wrote about, and surely, Weslager, Kraft, and other historians would be amazed to discover that their works about the Lënape, were in fact not about the Lënape at all.
	www.indianz.com /board/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=12089 (2032 words)

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