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Topic: Length (phonetics)

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Vowel length

Vowel

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	Phonetics - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The German orthography is comparatively phonetic: it has hardly any silent letters, and it generally has one symbol for each sound, each symbol having only one value, the exceptions falling under a few simple rules, which are easily remembered.
		Another advantage of phonetic spelling is that when the learner sees the words written in a representation of their actual spoken form he is able to recognize them at once when the hears them.
		For the application of phonetics and phonetic notation to the practical study of special languages, H. Sweet, A Primer of Spoken English (2nd ed., Oxford, 1895); F. Beyer and P. Passy, Elementarbuch des gesprochenen Franzosisch (2nd ed., Cothen, 1905); W. Vietor, Deutsches Lesebuch in Lautschrift (Leipzig, 1899).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Phonetics (11231 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Consonant length
		In phonetics, consonant length is when a spoken consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short consonant.
		In written language, consonant length is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicated with a special symbol, such as the shadda in Arabic, or small tsu in Japanese.
		In the English phonology, consonant length is not distinctive.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gemination (811 words)

	Acoustic phonetics
		The difference in length between [o] and [o:] is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
		The length of [p:]is shown to be 0.064474 seconds longer in Figure 12 in contrast to [p] in Figure 11.
		A The spectrogram for the word oponiaaki, meaning ‘starve’ in Blackfoot shows a word-medial [n]to be 0.101 seconds shorter in length compared to the[n] in the phrase ‘he was fleeing all night’ written in Blackfoot as paia@nnauapiksiu.
	www.fp.ucalgary.ca /howed/acoustic_phonetics.htm (628 words)

	Haskins Laboratories
		172 Abramson, A. Experimental phonetics in phonology: Vowel duration in Thai.
		Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Peter Ladefoged.
		892 Abramson, A. Amplitude as a Cue to Word-Initial Consonant Length: Pattani Malay.
	www.haskins.yale.edu /PUBLICATIONS/pub-a.html (913 words)

	IPA query (page 8) \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The difference between /i/ and /I/ is not in length, but many phonics programs used to teach reading in the U.S. falsely claim that it is, calling /i/ "long e," and /I/ "short i," as bizarre as that seems to anyone with a modicum of knowledge about real phonetics.
		Vowel length is not phonemic in standard English, so any two utterances distinguished from each other by vowel length alone will sound identical to speakers of standard English.
		As I've said, vowel length is not phonemic in standard pronunciations of English; there is no particular reason to teach it to ESL students who do not seek to adopt a specific English pronunciation or suppress their own foreign accents (and very few ESL students wish to go this far).
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/5719-8.htm (1834 words)

	Length (phonetics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phonetics, length or quantity is a feature of sounds that are distinctively longer than other sounds.
		Also, tonal contour may reinforce the length, as in Estonian, where the over-long length is concomitant with a tonal variation resembling tonal stress marking.
		In non-linear phonology, the feature of length is often not a feature of a specific sound segment, but rather of the whole syllable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Length_(phonetics) (199 words)

	USC Phonetics and Phonology Group Projects
		This study tests the influence of phonemic vowel length on the realization of the voicing effect, i.e., the phonetic process by which vowels tend to be longer before voiced obstruents than before voiceless ones.
		Vowels with a long/short counterpart are influenced to a lesser degree.
		Phonetic lengthening in broad and narrow focus will be measured from the waveforms and statistically evaluated to confirm or refute the experimental hypotheses.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~dbyrd/projects.html (5345 words)

	Advanced Linguistic Phonetics
		In this seminar, we will explore issues of phonetic perception via in-depth consideration of one case: the phenomenon referred to in phonetic and phonological theory as incomplete neutralization, and in sociolinguistic theory as near-merger.
		Sociolinguistic and experimental phonetic research has suggested that in many cases, speakers produce contrasting words differently, but without being able to reliably discern the contrast in their own speech or in the speech of others.
		(Length: 10-15 pages.) Plans for this project are due mid-quarter, and the write-up in final form is due during the final examination period scheduled for this course: 6:20 p.m.
	faculty.washington.edu /~wassink/LING554syll.html (991 words)

	American Phonetics
		Originally the distinction was the length of time spent in uttering them -- the first group was given half of what the second had.
		In British speech the length distinction is preserved, but in North America it is almost gone.
		When a vowel is found in a stressed syllable which is open and terminal or closed with a voiced consonant, it is given twice as long a pronunciation as in other environments.
	members.cox.net /tcgibian/American_Phonetics.htm (1410 words)

	Untitled Document
		Phonetics is the study of the sounds we use when we speak.
		The obvious benefit of phonetic transcription is that if properly done, it provides us with a way of consistently and unambiguously writing down the sounds of a word so that anyone (even a non-speaker of the language) can gain a fairly good idea of how the word is pronounced.
		The phonetic alphabet that your textbook presents to you is one that is typically used in the United States, although there is another phonetic alphabet that is slightly different from what's given to you in the text and that is more widely used internationally.
	www.unc.edu /~gerfen/Ling30Sp2002/phonetics.html (5945 words)

	Ph
		USC phonetics and phonology group I’m particularly interested in the interaction between these two components, i.e., how phonological information can influence a given phonetic process and how phonetic detail can affect phonological phenomena.
		Length is taken as the phonological counterpart of duration.
		Thus, the focus is on phenomena where duration plays a role, either at the phonological or the phonetic level.
	www-scf.usc.edu /~rebekaca/research.htm (485 words)

	LINGUIST List 15.994: Phonology/Phonetics: Kraehenmann (2003)
		Phonetics and phonology of the Thurgovian dialect are examined in detail, both from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective, and interpreted on the background of language typology and modern theories of phonology.
		The author also states the three main goals she has set for her work: to show causal relationships in the historical development of Thurgovian, to show the interplay between phonology and phonetics in its consonant system and to justify the analysis of its phonological quantity oppositions in terms of length rather than weight.
		The most important theoretical point made is that moraic theory cannot account for the observations because it represents weight and length by the same unit whereas in the data weight is determined purely by position and the geminate-singleton distinction relies solely on a length opposition.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/15/15-994.html (1187 words)

	Linguistics & Semantics - Phonetics and Phonology - free Suite101.com course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Linguistics & Semantics - Phonetics and Phonology - free Suite101.com course
		What follows now is a scheme to clarify the main features of Prosody itself: “Length”: the relative duration of a number of successive syllables or the duration of a given syllable in one environment relative to the same syllable in a different environment.
		There are some confounding factors such as difficulty in determining syllable boundaries or the intrinsic length of some vowels versus others ‘tense versus lax’.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/18612/2007/5?l=2 (732 words)

	ab_disorders_supersite\|Phonetics\|Questions
		The length of the vocal tract is changed by articulatory gestures such as elevation of the larynx (shortens), rounding of the lips (lengthens), lowering of the velum (lengthens).
		F2 is derived based on the length of the oral cavity and the amount of lip rounding.
		Terms used in the study of phonetics frequently can be used to designate the level of analysis being applied to an utterance.
	wps.ablongman.com /ab_disorders_supersite/0,6776,59806-,00.utf8.html (1045 words)

	Consonant length - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is traceable to allophony caused by now-deleted suffixes, for example half-long linna < linnan "of the city" vs. overlong linna < linnahan "to the city".
		In Russian language, consonant length may occur in several ways.
		Swedish and Italian, consonant length and vowel length depend on each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gemination (824 words)

	English Vowel Length
		In General American English (GenAm), vowel length is not as distinctive as in RP.
		This is because there is a basic difference between vowel length in Icelandic and English.
		So the Icelandic and English rules for vowel length are different, and Icelanders unconsciously use Icelandic rules in English.
	www.hi.is /~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/VowelLength0.html (521 words)

	Length Property [Excel 2003 VBA Language Reference] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Length property returns the length (in points) of the first segment of the callout line (the segment attached to the text callout box).
		Length property as it applies to the Phonetics object.
		If the first line segment in the callout named "callout1" has a fixed length, this example specifies that the length of the first line segment in the callout named "callout2" on worksheet one will also be fixed at that length.
	msdn2.microsoft.com /en-us/library/aa175664(office.11).aspx (319 words)

	Linguistics 103 - Length and Stress, with Sound Files
		This page demonstrates basic contrasts of vowel and consonant length, as well as stress, in nonsense words pronounced by Bruce Hayes.
		As can be seen, the basic distinctions between long and short are preserved here on a relative basis: between any two minimal pairs, the longer segment is longer than the shorter one.
		There is also a certain amount of what one might loosely call "allophonic" variation (perhaps a transfer effect from my English, or just natural phonetic processes, or idiosyncratic strategies for saying these sounds).
	www.linguistics.ucla.edu /people/hayes/103/LengthAndStress/Index.htm (511 words)

	Phonetics
		Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language.
		Vowel length is marked with a colon after the vowel, e.g.
		It is possible that one or another language family influenced others around it, or was original to an area before being invaded by speakers of another language.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/phonetics.html (2448 words)

	Phonetics:
		Vowel length in spoken Alevain is as free as pitch is in spoken English or French.
		The diphthong vowels are also given a length of two beats, even if they fall in an un-stressed position.
		In other forms of poetry, vowel length is determined by the composer and is freely adjusted to suit rhythm and meter.
	ggms.com /willoughby/alevain/lesson2.htm (804 words)

	Gemination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A sequence of two geminate consonants is actually twice as long as its single analog after short vowels; after long vowels, the sequence is not as long as after short vowels, but longer than a single consonant.
		We often write certain things as doubled (in order to preserve voicelessness, e.g.) when in actuality they are phonetically not doubled.
		shows doubled consonants of various sorts in the Tamil and its transliteration, while the phonetic transcription does not show consonantal length after long vowels, or in clusters with other consonants.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /plc/tamilweb/book/chapter1/node18.html (188 words)

	[No title]
		One of the basic determinants of the sounds that come out of your mouth is the length of your vocal tract.
		From your resonant frequencies and the speed of sound, you should be able to calculate the length of your vocal tract in cms.
		The frequency of the wave is just the number of cycles that occur in one second (divide one your duration measurement to find the number of cycles per second).
	www.ku.edu /~pyersqr/Ling107/acous.htm (585 words)

	Thai Pronunciation: Phonetics
		One of the problems learning Thai is that you often have to learn a new phonetic system for each book or course.
		Similarly I used a letter "j" for jaw-jan, a sound that is often spelled with a "ch" in Thailand which confuses it with the real "ch" (chaw-ching and chaw-chang).
		When this romanization system is combined with the visual tone/vowel length markers described on the next site page, I believe it creates a very accessable system that will help learners pronounce Thai correctly.
	www.thailao.net /thaiphon.htm (770 words)

	Summer 2005 - English as a Second Language - Seton Hall University
		To achieve this, understanding and practice in the important skills of pronunciation -- stress, vowel reduction, length, phonetics, rhythm, timing, and intonation – will be covered in interesting and useful ways.
		Understanding and practice in the important skills of pronunciation -- stress, vowel reduction, length, phonetics, rhythm, timing, and intonation – will be covered.
		Speaking topics are designed to allow students to apply the content, language, grammar, and style they have practiced in their texts and cassettes.
	education.shu.edu /esl/course_descriptions.htm (1775 words)

	Some Words With a Mummy - Edgar Allan Poe
		We had some difficulty in getting this case open without injury; but having at length accomplished the task, we came to a second, coffin-shaped, and very considerably less in size than the exterior one, but resembling it precisely in every other respect.
		Extending from head to foot was a columnar, or perpendicular, inscription, in phonetic hieroglyphics, giving again his name and titles, and the names and titles of his relations.
		I may as well take this occasion to remark, that all the subsequent conversation in which the Mummy took a part, was carried on in primitive Egyptian, through the medium (so far as concerned myself and other untravelled members of the company)- through the medium, I say, of Messieurs Gliddon and Buckingham, as interpreters.
	www.pambytes.com /poe/stories/mummy.html (5432 words)

	Studying Phonetics on the Net
		John Wells and the Dept. of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London have made up a cassette and cd of all of the sounds of the IPA which they will happily send to you for a fairly nominal sum.
		Karen Chung is adding pages on various topics to her Introduction to Phonetics and Phonetics II course pages.
		Henry Rogers and Michael Stairs at University of Toronto have developed phthong which teaches, tests, and corrects the phonetic alphabet; actually, it has two forms, one which teaches the "American" modifications to the IPA and the other which teaches IPA by the book.
	faculty.washington.edu /dillon/PhonResources (3561 words)

	length - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Length : ABTA Brain Tumor Patients [home, info]
		Length : National Weather Service Glossary [home, info]
		Phrases that include length: focal length, cable length, half length, arm's length, at arm's length, more...
	www.onelook.com /?loc=pub&w=length (422 words)

	Chapter Some Words with a Mummy of Tales of Mystery and Imagination by Edgar Allan Poe
		The Egyptian regarded him with a severe countenance for some minutes, and at length, with a sneer, said—
		Gliddon replied at great length, in phonetics; and but for the deficiency of American printing-offices in hieroglyphical type, it would afford me much pleasure to record here, in the original, the whole of his very excellent speech.
		I may as well take this occasion to remark, that all the subsequent conversation in which the Mummy took a part, was carried on in primitive Egyptian, through the medium (so far as concerned myself and other untravelled members of the company)—through the medium, I say, of Messieurs Gliddon and Buckingham, as interpreters.
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/101/1979/26289/4.html (497 words)

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