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Topic: Lengyel culture

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	Tisza (Tisza-Hérpály-Csöszhalom). © The Comparative Archaeology WEB
		1987 Vésztő-Mágor: A Settlement of the Tisza Culture.
		1987 Berettyóújfalu-Herpály: A Settlement of the Tisza Culture.
		1987 Öcsöd-Kováshalom: A Settlement of the Tisza Culture.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /Tisza.htm (1358 words)

	The Lengyel Culture Sphere
		Lengyel is really a wide spread interaction sphere, rather than a narrowly defined, unified culture.
		Lengyel pottery is found not only in Hungary, but also in Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, Poland and some parts of the former Yugoslavia.
		The Lengyel houses are of sturdy construction, that appears to use deeper bedding trenches for the posts.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /Lengyel.htm (1030 words)

	Prehistoric Europe Encyclopedia Article, History, Biography at Variedtastes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Now split into several local cultures, the most relevant ones being: the Romanian branch (culture of Boian) that expands into Bulgaria, the culture of Rössen that is preeminent in the west, and the culture of Lengyel of Austria and western Hungary, which will have a major role in the upcoming periods.
		In the western Danubian region (the Rhine and Seine basins) the culture of Michelsberg displaces its predecessor, Rössen.
		2200 BCE in the Aegean region, the Cycladic culture decays, being substituted by the new palatine phase of the Minoan culture of Crete.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Prehistoric_Europe (3528 words)

	Neolithic Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orange is the Lengyel culture, purple the Vincha culture, red the Cucuteni culture and yellow the western part of the Yamna culture.
		She investigated the Neolithic period (which she termed "Old Europe") in order to understand cultural developments in settled village culture in the southern Balkans, which she characterized as peaceful and matrilineal, before the Indo-European influences which she broadly characterized as nomadic and patrilineal.
		Few details of these cultures are widely agreed upon, and even the date of the Indo-European arrival in Old Europe is questioned, whether in a Late Neolithic or a Bronze Age context.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neolithic_Europe (1137 words)

	Lengyel culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		5000—3400 BC, was an archaeological culture located in the area of modern-day southern Moravia, western Slovakia, western Hungary, parts of southern Poland, and in adjacent sections of Austria, Slovenia, and Croatia.
		It was a successor to the Linear Band Ware culture, and in its northern extent, overlapped the somewhat later but otherwise approximately contemporaneous Funnelbeaker culture.
		Inhumation was in separate cemeteries, in the flexed position with apparently no preference for which side the deceased was laid out in.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lengyel_culture (212 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Attachment of the Lengyel culture to flint mining is documented elsewhere as well like in case of Vienna-Mauer or the sources of Jurassic Craców Flint (RUTTKAY 1970, LECH 1972); we are convinced, that the most intensive exploitation period on the Flintstone Hill should be placed by this period.
		The seemingly outstanding abundance of Lengyel III material in the Lengyel assemblages of the county is remarkable.
		Lengyel culture and its neighbours All of our efforts to correlate the Transdanubian material with other parts of Hungary are seemingly inappropriate because the pace of evolution is different for the two basic regions.
	gw.ace.hu /szentgal/pub/pub1991.html (10811 words)

	Lengyel '99 - 2nd Workshop Meeting of IGCP-442 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The phenomenon of the Lengyel Culture is mostly connected to the northern part of inland Croatia.
		He concluded that the Sopot culture was in its beginning older than any of the Lengyel Cultures and its penetration into the region of Transdanubia stimulated the formation of the whole Lengyel cultural complex.
		As he had noticed many Lengyel features in the pottery of those sites such as clay spoons with a cylindrical handle, concave profilation of the lower parts of the vessels contrary to the rounded upper parts, and finally red crusted painting, he named that group of finds Alpine facies of Lengyel Culture.
	www.ace.hu /igcp442/ws2/tezak.html (874 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lengyel culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Lengyel culture was a 5th millennium BC culture located in the area of modern-day Hungary and the Czech Republic.
		The Cucuteni culture (also Cucuteni-Tripolie, after the Romanian Cucuteni and the Ukrainian Trypillia villages) is an early 5th millennium BC neolithic culture of Central Europe, in the area of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, in the Dniestr-Dnjepr region.
		The Vinča culture was an early culture of Europe (between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC), stretching around the course of Danube in Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Macedonia, although traces of it can be found all around the Balkans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lengyel-culture (290 words)

	Lengyel '99 - 2nd Workshop Meeting of IGCP-442 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The part representing the heritage of the Lengyel culture of an assamblage unearthed during the course of rescue excavations performed at Balatonmagyaród-Kápolnapuszta (Zala county) in 1992 and 1993 will be presented below.
		All we can establish concerning the Lengyel settlement is that its life was very long which started in the Proto-Lengyel horizon and came to the end at the latest phase of the Lengyel culture.
		Certain characteristic features of the I. phase of the Lengyel culture are demonstrated by a smaller portion of the ceramics, the majority however, except for the finds that can be rendered to the TLP which are not dealt with here, can be dated to the very end of the Lengyel development (phase III), i.
	www.ace.hu /igcp442/ws2/barna.html (662 words)

	Copper Age
		This culture is a direct continuation of the Lengyel culture in many respects, however it shows many new features as well that are normally interpreted as cultural influences from the south.
		One thing however is certain: their material culture gradually transformed due to influences coming again from the south, thus became the starting point of the Late Copper Age.
		In the cemeteries of the Baden culture, the dead of the community were buried in foetal position or after cremation, together with objects meant for the afterlife.
	www.aquincum.hu /oskor/arezkor.html (992 words)

	Old European culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		She investigated the Neolithic period (which she termed "Old Europe") in order to understand cultural developments in settled village culture in the southern Balkans, which she characterized as peaceful and matrilinear, before the Indo-European influences which she broadly characterized as nomadic and patriarchal.
		Few details of Old European culture are widely agreed upon, and even the date of the Indo-European arrival in Old Europe is questioned, whether in a Late Neolithic or a Bronze Age context.
		The dispersion of European culture from the Norwegian coast to the Barents Sea and the Baltic.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Old_European_cultures (1732 words)

	ARCH-L archives -- June 2005 (#45)
		Ulrich Fischer (personal communication) questions the late end of Lengyel as proposed by Midgley, who lists four dates, suggesting contact between Brzesc Kujawski group and the TRB, between 4300-3750 BC (Midgley 1992:501).[4] However, this view is supported by several Polish archeologists, e.g.
		To the south, the Austrian/Moravian Painted Ware is a regional variant of Lengyel painted Pottery.
		Houses The longhouses are derived from the LBK.
	listserv.tamu.edu /cgi/wa?A2=ind0506&L=arch-l&F=&S=&P=5202 (895 words)

	Brzesc Kujawski
		- Lengyel culture is marked by a dramatic increase in sheep and goat bones, suggesting a shift in the livestock practices.
		Bogucki and Grygiel hypothesized that the Lengyel culture had a significant impact on the landscape of the time due to both their usage of timber to create their longhouses, and the grazing of their livestock.
		For example, the Lengyel culture had specific areas set aside for refuse, while the Funnel Beaker culture had a thin layer of waste strewn about the settlement.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/brzesc_kujawski.html (581 words)

	3. FUNNEL BEAKER CULTURE ORIGINS
		Madsen stressed that the cultural transformation from the Ertebølle culture to the TRB was gradual process, occurring around 3200-3100 b.c./ ca.
		The TRB received some of its inspiration from the Ertebølle related cultures of the north and from several Danubian derived kindred cultures, including the late Lengyel in the east and the Late Rössen Bischheim in the west.
		Thus the earlier cultures that were dispersed along the developing TRB's southern frontier of nearly 2000 km influenced the advent of TRB pottery.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /03TRBorigin.htm (5313 words)

	Neolithic
		Most of the researchers agree that the cradle of this enormous cultural entity was the Transdanubia, where people arriving from the south already practising neolithic life style and the locals of the Middle Stone Age created the new civilisation together.
		The culture of Linear pottery in the Transdanubia, part of the greater European circle, populated the slopes by the Danube in Buda, and along the creeks coming from the mountains, and the islands safe from flooding on the Pest plain.
		The settlements of the Lengyel culture that marked the end of the Neolithic era, are known so far only from scattered places, though they are numerous in other regions of the Transdanubia (4700-4000 BC).
	www.aquincum.hu /oskor/aujkokor.html (646 words)

	Archaeological research yields new discoveries: Trnava, Western Slovak Museum
		In June and July of 2000, the Museum of Western Slovakia in Trnava conducted research on a part of such habitat from the period of younger Neolithic Period (in the span of 3 800 to 3 300 B.C.), which is the final period of younger Stone Age.
		Ceramic: Ceramic vessels in this culture attract foremost by their painted designs, which were distributed not just from outer side, but also from the inner side of vessels.
		In the big part of researched settlements in Lengyel culture are also found individual burials in between occupied structures and exception aren't even freely thrown around parts of human bodies, like skull without body or individual bones.
	www.persimmonpress.com /archeology (883 words)

	FSU Anthropology - Körös Regional Archaeological Project
		… the Körös culture did not penetrate further north partly because it was repelled by the heavy, water-logged clay of the low wet backswamps and partly because the area was inhabited by a Late Mesolithic indigenous population.
		Sherratt attributed this small-scale cultural distinctiveness to economic differentiation, and to increased trade between the obsidian-bearing regions in the mountainous Tokaj region and the Plain.
		[Tompa] assigned the Lengyel culture of Transdanubia to the younger, second phase of the Tisza culture, and traced its development to the Transdanubian expansion of the Tisza population.
	www.anthro.fsu.edu /research/koros/overview/arch_background/arch_background.html (3684 words)

	Trypillian culture. Article: The Sacral World and the Magic Space of Trypillian civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is a bright display of some existed traditions of material culture in tearing off from their primary sense, which, it is possible, was forgotten, or half-forgotten.
		Vinca Cultures, Karanovo V and VI, Gumelnitsa, Lengyel and Trypillya have any amount of joint lines in sacral sphere, possibly their magic and ritual practice and sacral offences behaved to one sacral tradition.
		Into this period practically all of continental cultures lose considerable part of achievements of previous times in external legalization of sacralsphere become poor or disappeared the plastic arts, degrades a decor of ceramic wares.
	www.trypillia.com /articles/eng/se2.shtml (5289 words)

	The Nation, 05/31/1933 - German Culture in Exile by Lengyel, Emil
		Culture, as that term is generally understood among the civilized people of the world, is in process of annihilation in the Nazi Third Reich.
		The eminence in the natural and social sciences, in the arts, and in literature which Germany had reached during the nineteenth and early twentieth century is being superseded by the Nazi Kultur a cult resting on widely propagated untruth imposed by blood and iron.
		...German Culture in Exile By EMIL LENGYEL CULTURE, as that term is generally understood among the civilized people of the world, is in process of annihilation in the Nazi Third Reich...
	www.nationarchive.com /Summaries/v136i3543_08.htm (2589 words)

	SLOVENSKÁ ARCHEOLÓGIA XLVIII-1, 2000
		Into the older phase of the Lengyel IV stage the sites as Zalaszentbalázs, Wolfsbach, Troubelice, Rybníček, Praha-Střešovice can be dated, that represent early phases of the Balaton-Lasinja, Bisamberg-Oberpullendorf and Jordanów groups.
		The Lengyel IV, identical with the Epilengyel, is contemporary with the Tiszapolgár/Bodrogkeresztúr group and they started the Aeneolithic period in central Europe.
		Settlement of the Devín hillfort in the Early Bronze Age is represented with the Čaka culture.
	www.archeol.sav.sk /s120.htm (418 words)

	Category:Archaeological cultures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An archaeological culture is a pattern of similar artefacts and features found within a specific area over a limited period of time.
		As the archaeological cultures refer only to material items, sometimes even the purpose of which is uncertain, the word "culture" can be misleading.
		Dedicated to the investigation and understanding of past cultures through studies of artifacts, analysis of field, laboratory, and archival data, and the education of students and interested community members by courses, publications, and lectures.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Category:Archaeological_cultures (853 words)

	Antiquity, Project Gallery: Czerniak et al
		For many years the Brzesc Kujawski type settlements (the Lengyel culture = the Late Band Pottery culture - Czerniak 1980) have been receiving attention from archaeologists studying the Neolithic in Central Europe from different theoretical viewpoints.
		Moreover, the material cannot be easily differentiated from pottery from other periods (in contrary to the pottery of the early Neolithic Linear Band Pottery culture which is very durable and easily identifiable; hence, a large number of settlements of the Linear Band Pottery culture has been recorded).
		Trapezoidal longhouses of the Lengyel culture are so typical that they are easily identifiable and datable.
	www.antiquity.ac.uk /ProjGall/czerniak/czerniak.html (1833 words)

	Read about Old European culture at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Old European culture and learn about Old ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Excavations in what was then Yugoslavia, in Macedonia, Greece and Italy made it possible for Gimbutas to focus on an investigation of the Neolithic period (which she termed "Old Europe") in order to understand cultural developments in settled village culture, which she characterized as peaceful and
		Few details of Old European culture are widely agreed upon, and even the date of the Indo-European arrival in Old Europe is questioned, whether in a
		Neolithic archaeological cultures are known from Europe, particularly in the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Old_European_culture (334 words)

	Jacek Wierzbicki -- strona główna
		As he has it, this culture comes into being as a result of adaptation of the features of the Linear Band Pottery Culture by the local epimesolithic population.
		It namely associates the TRB origin with the acculturation of the mesolithic groups (represented mainly by the Chojnice-Pieńki Culture population) by the late band pottery cultures (Brześć Kujawski Group or from the Lengyel-Polgar Cycle from the South-eastern region of Poland).
		Great Poland is one of the main centers of the cultural trends and migrations from Silesia and Slovakia to the East and North, and also from the basin of the middle and lower Elbe river to the East and South-East.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~jacwierz/index.php?go=1995a_en (886 words)

	Dr. Stefan - Záhorie and Myjava
		The area on the Záhorská nížina lowlands and the Myjavská pahorkatina hilly country, with its special culture and dialect.
		It is an important archeological area of Lengyel's culture.
		A huge baroque-classical manor house with its fortifications is a national cultural monument.
	www.drstefan.sk /package/regions/regions13.htm (1029 words)

	kruml (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The interest in the material culminates in the Szeletian Culture, in the time of which it dominates in all industries of southern Moravia, but it is also traced in central and northern Moravia.
		On contrast to it, there also are rather numerous finds of chert of the KL type northwards of Brno, in a small ammount in the Neolitic settlement in Bylany, Kutná Hora region, which is about 130 km distant in the southwestern direction).
		A certain shift begins in the final (Eneolitic) phase of the Lengyel Culture, when the importance of the KL chert decreases giving its way to various other local materials.
	www.phil.muni.cz /archeo/morarch/Vyzkumy/bronz/kruml_les_uk.html (515 words)

	Antiquity, Reviews: Zvelebil & Lukes Review December 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vedrovice is a multiphase settlement, yielding remains of the Palaeolithic, Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), Moravian Painted Pottery / Lengyel Culture (MMK), and Bronze Age as well as the Medieval period.
		Dedicated to the memory of the excavator, Vladimir Ondrus, it represents a collaborative effort amongst a team of Czech researchers who present a comprehensive overview of results to a wider audience interested in pursuing the study of the earliest agriculturalists in Europe.
		The comprehensive presentation of data, and the full range of material culture examined from the Vedrovice cemeteries are certain to mark this volume as a key source of information upon which to evaluate the broader questions of the Neolithic in Central Europe.
	antiquity.ac.uk /reviews/zvelebil.html (930 words)

	Changing Neolithic Landscapes at Brzesc Kujawski, Poland
		The settlements of the Lengyel culture have been our greatest focus of attention over the last fifteen years, and it is here that we can infer more elaborate developments in the Neolithic landscape.
		There is also increased use of edge species and crop-robbing species of cervids, which then tails off towards the end of the Lengyel period, which suggests a response on the part of the animal populations to landscape disturbance.
		After the end of the Lengyel settlements at Oslonki, then at Brzesc Kujawski, the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture, such as at Nowy Mlyn, represent a shift in the old landscape pattern.
	www.princeton.edu /~bogucki/landcape.html (2559 words)

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