Lenin's Testament - Factbites

Lenin's Testament - Factbites
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Topic: Lenin's Testament

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Left Opposition

Congress of Soviets

Leninism

Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917

Bolshevik

Stalinism

Vladimir Lenin

Leon Trotsky

Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee

Comecon

Soviet Union

1918 Soviet Constitution

Marxism

	Letters to the Congress
		Lenin's Last Testament in the Encyclopedia of Marxism for a more thorough historical overview of the document.
		Lenin's Last Works subject index), make up the last of Lenin's works which are equivalent to an outline programme for the future of the Soviet government.
		In these letters Lenin emphasises the need to make changes to the Soviet government and warns of potentially disastrous consequences if the necessary but difficult steps are not taken.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/testamnt/index.htm

	Lenin
		Lenin's Testament Lenin's Testament is the name given to a document written by Communist Party of the Soviet Union to be...
		Lenin Peak Lenin Peak (Russian: Пик Ленина, Pik Lenina), originall...
		Lenin's Mausoleum Lenin's Mausoleum, also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated in 1924.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/lenin.html

	Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
		In a testament written before his death, Lenin had made it clear that he did not believe that Josef Stalin should become leader of the USSR.
		Lenin is generally regarded as a strong, resourceful, and ruthless leader, who showed his willingness to compromise his principles in the pursuit of his revolutionary aims.
		Lenin introduced the Cheka secret police with powers to execute anyone believed to be an enemy of the state.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Lenin,+Vladimir+Ilyich (888 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Russian Revolution
		Vladimir Illyich Lenin (1870-1924): Excerpts from Lenin's Testament, 1922 [At this Site]
		Vladmir Illyich Lenin (1870-1924): On the Organization of and Extraordinary Commission to Fight Counter Revolution, Letter to Dzerzhinskii, December 19, 1917 [At Durham]
		Vladmir Illyich Lenin (1870-1924): On His April Theses [At Durham]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook39.html (747 words)

	[No title]
		Excerpts from Lenin's Testament, 1922[At this Site]Lenin's judegments on his colleagues.)1905(
	school.pressian.com /dictionary/literature_his_84.htm (473 words)

	Vladimir Ilyich Lenin: Soviet Leader
		Lenin's remains are in a mausoleum on Red Square.
		In fact, Lenin had set up a dictatorship of the Communist party, which controlled the hierarchy of local, regional, and central soviets.
		By 1922, Lenin had eliminated all organized opposition and had silenced hostile factions within the party.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0859236.html (417 words)

	Powell's Books - Revolution at the Gates: Zizek on Lenin, the 1917 Writings by Vladimir Ilich Lenin
		Lenin's writings of 1917 are testament to a formidable political figure.
		Whatever the discussion--the forthcoming crisis of capitalism, the possibility of redeeming violence, the falsity of liberal tolerance--Slavoj Å½ iÅ¾ ek believes that Lenin's time has come again.
		Powell's Books - Revolution at the Gates: Zizek on Lenin, the 1917 Writings by Vladimir Ilich Lenin
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=27576&cgi=product&isbn=1859845460 (104 words)

	Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
		Lenin's Testament, 1922 - Text of a series of letters written by Lenin on his death bed and smuggled past Stalin's guards by his secretaries.
		Lenin Mausoleum - Photos and documents about leaders of the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.
		Lenins of the world - A compilation of surviving Lenin statues.
	www.supercrawler.com /Society/History/By_Region/Europe/Russia/Soviet_Union/Personalities/Lenin,_Vladimir_Ilyich (238 words)

	Joseph Stalin
		After Lenin's death in January 1924, Stalin, Kamenev, and Zinoviev together governed the party, placing themselves ideologically between Trotsky (on the left wing of the party) and Bukharin (on the right).
		However, this document was suppressed by members of the Central Committee, many of whom were also criticised by the Bolshevik leader in the testament.
		He adhered to Vladimir Lenins doctrine of a strong centralist party of "professional revolutionaries".
	joseph-stalin.ask.dyndns.dk (6985 words)

	LEON TROTSKY: 1926 -- On Lenin's Testament
		After Lenin& death, not long before the Thirteenth Congress, she handed the testament to the Secretariat of the Central Committee, in order that through the party Congress it should be brought to the attention of the party for whom it was destined.
		[Kamenev] said he would openly declare at the Plenum of the Central Committee how they, that is, Kamenev and Zinoviev, together with Stalin, decided to utilize the old disagreements between L. [Trotsky] and Lenin so as to keep Comrade Trotsky from the leadership of the Party after Lenin& death.
		The attitude of the majority was at last broken down by the argument that Lenin in any case would put his article in circulation; it would be copied on typewriters, and read with redoubled attention, and it would be thus all the more pointedly directed against the Political Bureau.
	www.trotsky.net /works/1926/1926-len.htm (10872 words)

	DK_Aprvd.txt
		Publication info: New York Pioneer publishers [1946] Title: The suppressed testament of Lenin; with On Lenin's testament, by Leon Trotsky.
		DK254.L3 A586 v.1 CPY ITEM ID ITEM TYPE LOCATION PRICE CREATED #CIRCS 1 31272014336034 BOOK STACKS $.00 1/5/1984 0 DK254.L3 A586 v.2 1 31272014336083 BOOK STACKS $.00 7/6/2000 0 Personal author: Lenin, Vladimir Il*ich, 1870-1924.
		DK42.M2 CPY ITEM ID ITEM TYPE LOCATION PRICE CREATED #CIRCS 2 31272014331951 BOOK STACKS $.00 2/17/1986 0 Personal author: Mavrodin, Vladimir Vasil*evich, 1908- Publication info: Leningrad, [s.n.], 1947.
	libadm87.rice.edu /colldev/lsc/monographs/approvedreports/DK_Aprvd.txt (10872 words)

	Khrushchev's Secret Speech at the 20th Congress of the CPSU
		[Khrushchev then reports the positions of Marx, Engels and Lenin in relation to collective leadership, the role of the party and the working class, etc, and introduces the delegates to the documents relating to Lenin&, in which he warns against Stalin, concluding with a reading of a letter from Lenin to [* GPHi#Stalinism#Stalin] “ *];...
		In one of his speeches he said: “All that which Lenin created we have lost forever”.
		[Khrushchev then deals with the “affair of the doctor-plotters”] Present at this Congress as a delegate is the former Minister of State Security, Comrade Ignatiev.
	www.trussel.com /hf/1956nk.htm (10872 words)

	"Khrushchev's Secret Speech -- Full Annotated Text"
		In his "Testament" Lenin warned that "Zinoviev's and Kamenev's October episode was of course not an accident." But Lenin did not pose the question of their arrest and certainly not their shooting.
		In the days before the October Revolution, two members of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party -- Kamenev and Zinoviev -- declared themselves against Lenin's plan for an armed uprising.
		In this connection, V. Lenin wrote: "Kamenev and Zinoviev revealed the decision of the Central Committee of their Party on the armed uprising to [
	www.uwm.edu /Course/448-343/index12.html (17913 words)

	Goldstein
		A combination of Marx's book "The Communist Manifesto" and Lenin's "Testament" could be what Orwell represents in 1984 as the book written by Goldstein - "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism".
		Orwell's description of Goldstein as having "a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair" is a combination of the faces of Lenin and Marx.
		Marx& Lenin - Communism's leaders - could be symbolized in 1984 by Emmanuel Goldstein.
	www.orwelltoday.com /goldstein.shtml (17913 words)

	Goldstein
		A combination of Marx's book "The Communist Manifesto" and Lenin's "Testament" could be what Orwell represents in 1984 as the book written by Goldstein - "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism".
		Orwell's description of Goldstein as having "a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair" is a combination of the faces of Lenin and Marx.
		Marx & Lenin - Communism's leaders - could be symbolized in 1984 by Emmanuel Goldstein.
	www.orwelltoday.com /goldstein.shtml (17913 words)

	Krushchev's Secret Speech
		The Party Congress should become acquainted with two new documents, which confirm Stalin's character as already outlined by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in his "Testament." These documents are a letter from Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya to [Lev] Kamenev, who was at that time head of the Politbiuro, and a personal letter from Vladimir Ilyich Lenin to Stalin.
		The delegates declared themselves in favor of retaining Stalin in this post, hoping that he would heed Vladimir Ilyich's critical remarks and would be able to overcome the defects which caused Lenin serious anxiety.
		Nadezhda Konstantinovna wrote this letter on December 23, 1922.
	www.ebbemunk.dk /stalin/krushchev1.html (1940 words)

	Lenin’s Testament — (1922-23)
		In the document known as ‘Lenin’s Testament’ he dictated to his secretary Maria Volodicheva on 30 December 1922, he implied that the charges of ‘Georgian nationalism’ levelled against the ‘Georgian deviators’ were ‘imaginary’ (and the product of ‘Great Russian chauvinism on the part of Dzerzhinsky’:
		Then, at the very end of December 1922, Lenin, who had initiated the concept of the Transcaucasian Federation, who had denounced the ‘Georgian deviators’, and defended Ordzhonikidze against their attacks, suddenly reversed his position on these questions.
		A group of the ‘Georgian deviators’, headed by Kate Tsintsadze* and Sergey Kavtaradze* then telegraphed a protest, making a strong attack on Ordzhonikidze, directly to Lenin, who rebuked them sharply and defended Ordzhonikidze in a telegram of reply dated 21 October 1922:
	revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv7n2/blandlt.htm (1940 words)

	endersgame.html
		To Card's credit, at least he doesn't raise the false Lenin's Testament argument against Stalin's persynality(12.b), but that just shows that Card is ignorant of the slanderous anti-Stalin lies that are actually credible among Trotskyists and other anti-Communists.
		But that didn't stop Stalin from imprisoning Lenin and then killing him.
		And we naively think that we might be able to make it through reading the "Ender" books without seeing any ad hominem launched against Lenin, Stalin, or Mao, but no. In a neurotic fit of megalomania, Bean's enemy Achilles compares himself to Saddam Hussein and Stalin in the same breath, without distinguishing between the two:
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/bookstore/books/fiction/endersgame.html (10845 words)

	Glossary of People: St
		In the same year Lenin called for his removal, explaining that Stalin had amassed to much power, in what was to become known as Lenin's last testament.
		Founder of the German People's Party after World War I, served briefly as chancellor in 1923 and was foreign minister, 1923-29.
		Some government officials executed were thought to be Nazi agents or sympathisers, while others were accused for planning to overthrow the Soviet government.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/s/t.htm (10845 words)

	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nevertheless, Zinoviev and Kamenev helped Stalin retain his position as General Secretary of the Central Committee at the XIIIth Party Congress in May-June 1924 during the first Lenin's Testament controversy.
		Zinoviev was one of the most powerful figures in the Soviet leadership during Lenin's final illness in 1922-1923 and immediately after his death in January 1924.
		Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grigory_Yevseyevich_Zinoviev (1935 words)

	SparkNotes: Joseph Stalin: Timeline
		January 4, 1923: · Lenin, in a postscript to his Testament, warns the Party to remove Stalin from his position of power.
		January 1912: · Bolsheviks officially separate from Social Democrats, Stalin appointed to the Party's Central Committee by Lenin.
		October-November 1926: · At the Fifteenth Party Congress, Stalin attacks the "United Opposition" of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Trotsky.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/stalin/timeline.html (771 words)

	Joseph Stalin
		January 4, 1923: Lenin, in a postscript to his Testament, warns the Party to remove Stalin from his position of power.
		January 1912: Bolsheviks officially separate from Social Democrats, Stalin appointed to the Party's Central Committee by Lenin.
		November 1927: Kamenev and Zinoviev expelled from the Party; Trotsky expelled and sent to Central Asia.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/stalin/htimeline.html (520 words)

	The Russian Revolution
		Lenin's Testament Just before his death Lenin told the party to remove Stalin.
		The Russian Revolution A Gallery Of PhotosOne of the pictures is of Kerensky, however, (unless I'm very much mistaken) Kerensky is not the man in the white uniform but the man in front of him, looking grim.
		I used to answer questions on the revolution but my access to my account is too intermittent for that now but you might find my FAQ worth a glance.
	www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk /russ/rusrev.html#war (374 words)

	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nevertheless, Zinoviev and Kamenev helped Stalin retain his position as General Secretary of the Central Committee at the XIIIth Party Congress in May-June 1924 during the first Lenin's Testament controversy.
		Their publication of an open letter opposed to use of force enraged Lenin, who demanded their expulsion from the party.
		Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grigory_Yevseyevich_Zinoviev (2114 words)

	The Russian Revolution
		Lenin's Testament Just before his death Lenin told the party to remove Stalin.
		The Russian Revolution A Gallery Of PhotosOne of the pictures is of Kerensky, however, (unless I'm very much mistaken) Kerensky is not the man in the white uniform but the man in front of him, looking grim.
		Russian History 1905-30 Contemporary documents from John Slatter
	www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk /russ/rusrev.html (374 words)

	Cultological Culture
		It's necessary to report to the party congress on two new documents, which supplement Lenin's description of Stalin given by Vladimir Ilyich in his "testament."
		These documents are letters from Nadezhda Konstantinova Krupskaya to the chairman at the time of the Politburo Kamenev and a personal letter from Vladimir Ilyich Lenin to Stalin.
		This letter was written by Nadezhda Konstantinovna on 23 December 1922.
	cultology.blogspot.com /2004_06_06_cultology_archive.html (374 words)

	Lenin’s Testament – (1922-23)
		In February 1917 Lenin was writing respectively to Aleksandra Kollontai* and Inessa Armand*:
		V.I Lenin: Letter to Inessa Armand, in: ‘Collected Works’, Vol.
		*ARMAND, Yelizaveta (‘Inessa’) F., French-born Soviet women’s movement worker (1875-1920); head of Women’s Department of CC, RCP (1918-20).
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv7n2/blandlt.htm (8911 words)

	SparkNotes: Joseph Stalin: The Struggle for Power
		Together the three formed what was referred to as the "troika," or "triumvirate"; as Lenin inched closer to death, they launched a series of attacks on Trotsky in party meetings, drawing on his writings and speeches from his years as a Menshevik to attack him for disloyalty to his own movement.
		But by the following year, Zinoviev and Kamenev realized that Stalin, whom they had saved from political ruin after Lenin's death, was betraying them and moving toward an alliance with Bukharin's faction.
		This was a critical moment: if his rivals had demanded compliance with the testament at this point, Stalin would not have survived their attacks--his support base was not yet large enough.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/stalin/section6.rhtml (939 words)

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