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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Leo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leo VI (Leo the Wise or Leo the Philosopher), 862?-912, Byzantine emperor (886-912), son and successor of Basil I. He added to the work of his father by the publication (887-93) of the Basilica, a modernization of the law of Justinian I and of canon law.
		Leo III (Leo the Isaurian or Leo the Syrian), c.680-741, Byzantine emperor (717-41).
		Leo III, Saint pope (795-816), a Roman; successor of Adrian I. He was attacked about the face and eyes by members of Adrian's family, who hoped to render him unfit for the papacy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Leo (692 words)

	Biography: Leo Africanus - Hassan Ibn Muhammad Al Wazzan Al Fasi الحسن الوزان - ليو الأفريقي \| ...
		Leo was assisted in translation, and in writing the manuscript of Description of Africa by another native Arabic speaker, Elia Ben Abraham Maronita, a Lebanese Friar in Rome.
		Before Leo's Description of Africa was published, Guillaume Postel (1510-1581), a French Orientalist who travelled to East in search of manuscripts, and made marginal notes in Latin on many Arabic manuscripts now in Europe, made use of it to enhance his map of Kano (northern Nigeria).
		Leo Africanus: Moorish Man of Learning is a brief introduction to Leo.
	baheyeldin.com /history/leo-africanus.html (854 words)

	Leone - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As he was returning from Egypt about 1520 he was captured by pirates near the island of Gerba, and was ultimately presented as a slave to Leo X.
		The Moor seems to have lived on Rome for some time longer, but he returned to Africa some time before his death at Tunis in 1552; according to some, he renounced his Christianity and returned to Islam; but the later part of his career is obscure.
		It is stated, moreover, that Leo intended writing a history of the Mahommedan religion, an epitome of Mahommedan chronicles, and an account of his travels in Asia and Egypt.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Leone (647 words)

	Leo Africanus Discoveries
		Leo Africanus is a nickname, a name assigned to Leo by his Italian peers when he was already in his 30s.
		Leo was well known in intellectual circles, as shown by an Austrian monk's desire to travel to Italy to meet the renown Arab scholar.
		Given Leo's fame and experience, and the Maghreb's desperate need of savvy diplomats to manage the uneasy relations of a country caught between Turkey (the Ottomans) and Europe it is highly unlikely that Leo could have returned to North Africa unnoticed.
	www.leoafricanus.com /leo/Leo10_Biography.html (1342 words)

	Kurt Koenigsberger MLA 2002
		In Yeats's "Leo Africanus," the authority and legitimacy of Leo as Yeats's interlocutor are precisely at stake in the discussion, despite the fact that it is Leo's voice (channeled through a psychic medium) that commands Yeats to write in the first place.
		Leo traveled widely in Africa as an explorer and commercial trader before being captured by pirates and given as a slave to Pope Leo X. The Pope discovered his merit as a scholar and therefore awarded him a pension, simultaneously converting him to Christianity and giving the African his own names, Johannes and Leo.
		Though Leo maintains that his actual existence is sovereign, arguing that the African memory cannot be transferred to another mind like a geometric form, Yeats asserts that his encounter with Africa serves less to modify his thoughts than to arrange them, as a geometric form might.
	www.cwru.edu /affil/sce/Texts_2002/Koenigsberger_MLA.html (3033 words)

	Leo Africanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A seldom remembered fact is that Leo X was also a purposeful, albeit not always successful, politician whose main aim was to maintain a balance in Italy between the two formidable foreign rivals, Spain and France, and to transform his family’s hold on Florence into a permanent and recognized position.
		Pope Leo X was succeeded by the Dutchman Adrian VI (Adrian Florensz Boeyens, 1522–23), the former professor of theology at the University of Louvain in the Netherlands and tutor of the future Emperor Charles V. Before his election, Adrian had been the imperial viceroy of Spain and inquisitor-general in Aragon, Navarre, Castile, and Léon.
		Leo Africanus is a splendid example of the passage of men and of intellectual elements between the two shores of the Mediterranean.
	www.uta.fi /~hipema/leo.htm (11053 words)

	Hassan Al Wazzan aka Leo Africanus
		One can imagine Leo Africanus in the midst of trying to recollect events from his past prior to launching himself into a causerie; a chat that would have so impassioned his host that the latter would have proposed to put to ink the information evoked so it could be preserved in the Vatican Library.
		Leo Africanus never alluded to such conversations and lacking any solid clues enabling confirmation, these conjectures should be considered to be nothing more or less than simple products of one's imagination.
		Amongst the publications by Leo Africanus of which we know only the titles, it is necessary to cite an Arabic-Hebrew-Latin dictionary a copy of which is preserved at the Escorial monastery near Madrid, a grammar book, another on linguistics, and another written in Latin dedicated to the biographies of large number of Islamic notables.
	www.said-hajji.com /en/book-leo.html (4733 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Leo Africanus
		Leo Africanus was the Christianised name of Hasan bin Muhammed al-Wazzan al-Fasi (Hasan, son of Muhammed, the Weigher from Fez) (Granada 1488?
		Timbuktu was to become a byword in Europe as the most inaccessible of cities, but at the time Leo visited, it was the center of a busy trade carried on by Berbers in African products, gold, printed cottons and slaves, and in Islamic books.
		A fictionalized account of his life, Leo Africanus, by Amin Maalouf, fills in key gaps in the story and places Leo Africanus in all of the prominent events of his time.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Leo_Africanus (353 words)

	Leo Africanus (novel) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leo Africanus is a 1986 novel by Amin Maalouf, depicting the life of the mysterious Renaissance traveller Leo Africanus.
		The book is divided into four sections, each organized year by year to describe a key period of Leo Africanus's life, and each named after the city that played the major role in his life at the time: Granada, Fez, Cairo, and Rome.
		Supposedly the book is based on true life experiences which were supposed to have taken Leo Africanus almost everywhere in the Islamic occupied Mediterranean, from southern Morocco to Arabia, and across the Sahara.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leo_Africanus_(novel) (384 words)

	[No title]
		At Leo's request, through the voice of the medium, Yeats began a written correspondence in which he would write questions and observations to Leo, and Leo would answer through Yeats's hand.
		By the 1900's, Yeats is using the metaphor of the mask to portray this dichotomy in man. "The mask," Richard Ellmann says, "had come to occupy in his system during the first decade of this century the position which the rose had held in it during the 'nineties" (190).
		Leo's influence would gradually wane, probably the due to the influence of George Hyde-Lees, who was intriguing her new husband with her automatic writing and immediately (November of 1917) began to get messages about Leo's disreputability and unreliability (Yeats, "...Leo Africanus" 15).
	www.csun.edu /~hceng029/yeats/lindsley.html (2079 words)

	Primary Sources (Sondiata and Mansa Musa on the Web) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		"Leo Africanus should not be viewed only as a curious anecdote who belongs to the national biographies of Spain, Morocco, and Italy, and to the historiography of travels and discoveries.
		Leo Africanus on Timbuktu in the 16th century.
		The Songhay Empire According to Ta’rîkh al-Fattâsh, Ta’rîkh as-Sûdân and Leo Africanus.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /mansa/3.html (768 words)

	Between the Covers Rare Books \| Item \| De totius Africae descriptione libri IX. (...) - LEO AFRICANUS, Johannes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jo: Leo" written in a contemporary hand on the bottom of the page edges, a pleasing, very good or better copy of the very uncommon first Latin edition.
		Leo, a scholarly pope, was much taken with the erudite African, and encouraged this exhaustive geographical and historical treatise on Africa.
		Leo Africanus, as he was known, later returned to Tunis and reconverted to Islam.
	www.betweenthecovers.com /btc/item/78130 (372 words)

	Chapter 3. Family environment
		On the contrary of Leo, Ahmed Hajji wrote in the note of presentation of his world map that he was "a moslem scientist" and that he was "nourishing the hope that the efforts which he undertook to conceive the chart of the world would help him to recover his freedom."
		For the rest, the conversion of Leo Africanus was without any doubt dictated by the single concern of profiting from a preferencial treatment as long as he was at the Pope's service.
		The proof of such an assertion which needs to be further verified, is given by the fact that, immediately after the Pope was dead, Leo Africanus regained Tunis, to die as a good Moslem and to be buried in the earth of Islam.
	www.said-hajji.com /en/book-envfam.html (7749 words)

	Leo Africanus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There he wrote in Arabic a description of his journeys in Africa (issued in Italian in 1526), which was for many years the only known source on the Sudan.
		An English translation (1600) was reissued by the Hakluyt Society as The History and Description of Africa (3 vol., 1896, repr.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Leo Africanus" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-leoa1fric.html (272 words)

	Illuminating a World Of Fascinating Strangeness - March 13, 2006 - The New York Sun
		For one thing, Leo Africanus was not his real name; it was given to him in his mid-30s, after he was kidnapped by Christian pirates in the Mediterranean and held prisoner in Rome.
		He received the names Joannes Leo at his Christian baptism in 1520, in honor of the man who sprinkled the holy water on him in St. Peter's Cathedral, Pope Leo X. Before then, he had been al-Hasan al-Wazzan,a diplomat in the service of the sultan of Fez.
		Davis is writing about texts: the texts Leo wrote, the texts he read and studied, and the cultural scripts he had to master in order to perform his many roles By introducing the modern reader to that world, in all its fascinating strangeness, Ms.
	www.nysun.com /article/28962 (1186 words)

	RastaSpeaks.com - The word Afrika!
		The Roman general who finally defeated Hannibal, among the greatest military geniuses of all time, Scipio the younger, was as a badge of honor named for the country he had conquered.
		Leo Africanus became quite annoyed with the negative image European writers were, even then, creating of Africa so he wrote a famous book called "The History and Description of Africa" to set the record straight.
		Leo Africanus can be seen as a forerunner of great African scholars like Cheikh Anta Diop, John Henrik Clarke, John G. Jackson, etcetera, and I think we must stop confusing him for a white European.
	www.rastaspeaks.com /articles/2004/1502.html (779 words)

	Exploring Africa - Island 1
		In Renaissance Europe, the most influential of the Arab historians of Africa was this author, known to his European readers as Leo Africanus, born in Granada and originally named al-Hassan ibn Muhammad.
		Leo's work was soon translated, first from Italian into Latin in 1556, into French the same year, and into English in 1600.
		Shown here, with the title-page, is an excerpt from the English version of Leo Africanus, originally translated by J. Pory in 1600, and then included in the first volume of the best-known English collection of sea-voyages, Purchas his Pilgrimes.
	www.sc.edu /library/spcoll/sccoll/africa/africa1.html (526 words)

	\| Book Review \| Journal of World History, 14.3 \| The History Cooperative
		It was Leo, for example, who first popularized the unfortunate notion that the peoples of the Western Sudan had been uncivilized brutes until they came in contact with the Islamic world, a notion that was to persist unchallenged in European literature until the latter part of the twentieth century.
		On the positive side of the ledger were the first studies based on African oral traditions such as the epics of Wagadu and Sundiata and the beginnings of serious archeological research.
		Still, for all their faults, the writers and researchers of the colonial period set the stage for the emergence of a historiography based firmly based in a wide range of internal as well as external sources.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.3/br_6.html (954 words)

	Not quite Venus from the waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leo mentions the name Ghana only here, without elaboration, and he does not specify whether it was among the lands which were dominated by King Joseph and the Libyan nations.
		There is thus nothing to suggest that Leo Africanus was in any sense a direct progenitor of the hypothesis of an Almoravid conquest of Ghana.
		The first is the worst: no, we are not right, for we are as much at the beck and call of the ideological tide surging all around us, as Leo Africanus and Maurice Delafosse were representives of their own ages, and as someone in the future will demonstrate us to have been.
	www.uta.fi /~hipema/Venus.htm (11942 words)

	NPS Ethnography: African American Heritage & Ethnography
		Leo Africanus was born, El Hasan ben Muhammed el-Wazzan-ez-Zayyati in the city of Granada in 1485, but was expelled along with his parents and thousands of other Muslims by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492.
		As a young man he was captured by pirates and presented as an exceptionally learned slave to the great Renaissance pope, Leo X. Leo who freed him, baptized him under the name “Johannis Leo de Medici,” and commissioned him to write in Italian a detailed survey of Africa.
		The clothes that Africanus describes were European textiles traded for the Songhai exports of gold, ivory, and slaves.
	www.cr.nps.gov /ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsA.htm (3552 words)

	Bulliet \| The Earth and its Peoples, Second Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Al-Hassan ibn-Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi, better known as Leo Africanus, was probably born in the 1460s in Granada, the last Muslim toehold in Spain, but was raised in Fez (in modern Morocco).
		During one such mission, he was captured by Christian pirates and brought to Rome in 1518, where Pope Leo X persuaded him to accept Christianity.
		Source: Leo Africanus, "History and Description of Africa," in Alfred Andrea and James Overfield, eds.
	college.hmco.com /history/primary/africanus.htm (1505 words)

	LEO AFRICANUS: MOORISH MAN OF LEARNING
		As he was a very learned man, instead of being sold into slavery, he was presented to Pope Leo X. The Pope, very impressed by him, freed the young man, granted him a pension and secured his conversion to Christianity.
		When he was captured, Leo Africanus had with him a rough draft, in Arabic, of the work which made him famous, The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained.
		Although Leo Africanus died in 1552, his work was translated into English by John Pory, a scholarly friend of Richard Hakluyt, and published in London in 1600.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/africanus.html (563 words)

	W. B. Yeats and "A Vision": The Judwalis
		The Moorish initiate sounds more like Leo Africanus (al-Hassan ibn Mohammed al-Wazzan, c.1494-c.1552) than any of the actual Instructors, though the spirit known as Leo came to be regarded as one of the chief ‘Frustrators’ who were trying to impede the development of the System.
		The engagement with the Mansions and Leo Africanus may have been one factor in his choice of an Arabian setting, but the scenario also starts from trying to find an acceptable context for mediumship and divination.
		The Automatic Script may not appear to have much in common with divination, but this aspect was suggested by a ‘curious message from Bessie Radcliffe, “They departed with the rewards of divination in their hands”’(L 643-44), which she had sent shortly after the Yeatses had started their sessions.
	www.yeatsvision.com /Judwalis.html (3224 words)

	Warfare and Firearms in Fifteenth Century Morocco
		Leo Africanus (Muhammad al-Wazani), reflecting on the wars and repression bedeviling Morocco in the late 1400s, classed the Wattasids of Fez alongside the infidel King of Portugal as co-equal despoilers of a hapless people battling against intruding despots, domestic or foreign, Muslim or Christian.
		Sources also intimate their comparative inferiority in gunpowder technology by their comments on the 'irresistibility' of cannons, a theme noted in Africanus, in al-Maggari, and the anonymous author of a post–1492 work on the Granada war.
		Africanus was born in Morocco, probably in the 1470s.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/ARTICLES/cook.htm (5926 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Books Supplement \| Discovering the world through non-European eyes
		Another unique figure whose legacy transcends the seemingly perennial distinction between east and west is "Leo Africanus," originally Hassan bin Muhammed al-Wazzan al-Fasi, who also adopted other names as his odyssey unfolded on the heels of the fall of Granada in 1492.
		According to Leo's own account, the only one to survive, he led a turbulent life: recently elevated to contemporary fame by Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf in his book Leo the African, having been driven out of Spain Leo Africanus settled in Morocco before setting out on his travels through North and Sub-Saharan Africa.
		However, significant texts shedding light on the complicated and sometimes fuzzy relationship of east and west during the later colonial period are also included.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2006/788/bo9.htm (1103 words)

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