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	Esaki, Leo - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Esaki, Leo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 for this early discovery of the tunnelling phenomenon in semiconductors and superconductors.
		Esaki, born in Osaka, graduated from the University of Tokyo and worked for electronics manufacturer Sony 1956–60.
		Esaki was able to use this effect for switching and to build ultrasmall and ultrafast tunnel diodes, now called Esaki diodes.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Esaki%2c+Leo (232 words)

	Leo Esaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Esaki was a 1947 graduate in physics from Tokyo University and immediately joined the Kobe Kogyo company.
		Esaki's work at Sony was in the field of quantum mechanics and concentrated on the phenomenon of tunneling, in which the wavelike character of matter enables electrons to pass through barriers that the laws of classical mechanics say are impenetrable.
		In 1960 Esaki was awarded an IBM (International Business Machines) fellowship for further research in the United States, and he subsequently joined IBM's research laboratories in Yorktown, N.Y. He retained his Japanese citizenship.
	www.nobel-winners.com /Physics/leo_esaki.html (245 words)

	IEEE History Center - Legacies: Leo Esaki
		Esaki went on to major in physics at the University of Tokyo because he wanted to understand nature in a most fundamental way, but credits the war-time psychology as also having an effect on him, especially after the war.
		Esaki is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Foreign Associate of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.
		Esaki retains close ties with his homeland, visiting several times a year.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/history_center/legacies/esaki.html (573 words)

	Leo Esaki - Biography
		Leo Esaki was born in Osaka, Japan in 1925.
		Esaki holds honorary degrees from Doshisha School, Japan, the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, the University of Montpellier, France, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan and the University of Athens, Greece.
		Esaki is a Director of IBM-Japan, Ltd., on the Governing Board of the IBM-Tokyo Research Laboratory, a Director of the Yamada Science Foundation and the Science and Technology Foundation of Japan.
	www.nobel.se /physics/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html (297 words)

	1998(esaki) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo Esaki proposed in 1969 the concept of semiconductor "superlattice," man-made single-crystal with a periodic one-dimensional structural modification.
		Esaki's conception of superlattice has thus led to the discovery of many interesting new properties -electrical, optical, and magnetic- and their useful applications, which makes him well deserve the 1998 Japan Prize in the category of "Generation and Design of New Materials Creating Novel Functions." Dr.
		Leo Esaki was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductor p-n junctions.
	www.japanprize.jp /e_1998(esaki).htm (336 words)

	Encyclopedia: Leo Esaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo Esaki (æ±å´ ç²æ—¼å¥; correct transcription Esaki Reona; also known as Esaki Leona) (born March 12, 1925) is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling.
		Ivar Giaever (originally spelled Giæver) (born April 5, 1929 in Bergen, Norway) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian David Josephson for work in solid-state physics.
		An Esaki diode (Leo Esaki, Nobel Prize 1973 for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes) or tunnel diode, has a heavily doped diode pn junction only some 100 Ã… wide.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Leo-Esaki (528 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo (astrology)
		Leo (astrology), the fifth sign of the zodiac, symbolized by a lion.
		Leo (astronomy) (Latin for “lion”), a northern constellation that contains the first-magnitude star Regulus.
		Tolstoy, Leo Nikolayevich (1828-1910), Russian writer and moral philosopher, one of the world’s greatest novelists.
	encarta.msn.com /Leo_(astrology).html (108 words)

	Geometry.Net - Nobel: Esaki Leo
		Leo Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductors.
		Esaki's discovery led to the creation of the Esaki diode, an important component of solid state physics with practical applications in high-speed circuits found in computers and communications networks.
		Leo Esaki IBM Press Release: Leo Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductors.
	www.geometry.net /detail/nobel/esaki_leo.html (2351 words)

	Leo Esaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scholarship is named in honor of Dr. Leo Esaki who won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics his work on the Esaki tunnel diode, quantum semiconductors...
		Physicist Leo Esaki, 72, president of the University of Tsukuba in Japan and...
		Leo Esaki eller Esaki Leona, född 1925 i Osaka Japan, japansk fysiker och nobelpristagare.
	www.encyklopedi.net /Leo_Esaki (283 words)

	Rolex Awards for Enterprise
		Leo Esaki was named after Leonardo da Vinci and, like his namesake, he has pursued a breadth of interests – from science to education.
		Esaki recently retired as president of the University of Tsukuba, a post he held for six years.
		For Esaki, the nature of education is one of the most critical issues facing society, and his belief that students should follow their dreams and develop their ideas while they are still young mirrors his own life experience.
	www.rolexawards.com /jury/jury-15-esaki.html (230 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo Esaki, also known by his original name, Reiona Esaki, is a Japanese physicist specializing in solid-state physics as well as a researcher in superconductivity.
		Born in Osaka, Esaki attended Tokyo University and graduated with his degree in physics in 1947 and with his Ph.D. in 1959.
		Esaki is also noted as the inventor of the double diode which today bears his name-- the Esaki diode, by modifying solid-state semiconductors through the addition of impurities (Britannica, 4:553, 1994; and Barba, p.65, 1995).
	www.upei.ca /~xliu/multi-culture/esaki.htm (243 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo III, called The Isaurian (circa 680-741), Byzantine emperor (717-41), who revitalized the empire after a period of near anarchy.
		Leo III, Saint (750?-816), pope from 795 to 816.
		Upon his election to the papacy, Leo had...
	encarta.msn.com /Leo_III.html (123 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo X (1475-1521), pope from 1513 to 1521, who was among the most extravagant of Renaissance popes.
		Francis I (of France): concordant with Leo X
		The fifth council was called by Pope Julius II in 1512 and continued by Pope Leo X, terminating in 1517.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Leo_X.html (149 words)

	LEO ESAKI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bekannt wurde er durch die Erfindung der Esaki-Diode.
		Esaki studierte Physik auf der Universität Tokio und machte 1947 seinen Bachelor of Science, 1959 seinen Doktortitel.
		Leo Esaki erhielt 1973 zusammen mit Ivar Giaever den Physik-Nobelpreis für experimentelle Entdeckungen, die das Tunnel-Phänomen in Halb- bzw.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/L/Leo_Esaki (69 words)

	Biographical Note of Participants
		Leo Esaki is President of University of Tsukuba.
		During his stay at IBM Research, Dr. Esaki, with his colleagues, pioneered "designed semiconductor quantum structures" such as man-made superlattices with exploring of a new quantum regime in the frontier of semiconductor physics.
		Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (1973) in recognition of his pioneering work on tunneling in solids and discovery of the Esaki tunnel diode.
	www.jspsusa.org /FORUM1996/biographical.html (1324 words)

	Leo Esaki
		Professor Esaki is now President of Tsukuba University, and he will tell us probably about restructuring universities.
		Bill Shockley was kind enough to mention my work in his keynote speech by saying "Esaki from Tokyo is giving a paper with Tunnel Diode." Because of that, I got a large audience at my talk.
		Before arriving at the superlattice concept, we had been examining the feasibility of structural formation of potential barriers and wells that were thin enough to exhibit resonant tunneling [ref. 3].
	www.jspsusa.org /FORUM1996/esaki.html (2829 words)

	IUMRS ICAM 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Esaki continued by stating that science's greatest achievements are the atom theory, gene understanding, and computer development.
		Esaki had announced his diode and its understanding at the 1969 IEEE Electron Device Society Device Research Conference.
		Esaki said that a researcher has to move from a judicial mind to a creative mind and visit the future before anybody else and in doing so scientists must transcend race doctrine and creed.
	www.mrs.org /publications/bulletin/1999/oct/iumrsicam99.html (658 words)

	Business Wire: SAS Institute Honors Japanese Nobel Prize Winne... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The SAS Institute Esaki Scholarship is named in honor of Dr. Leo Esaki who won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics his work on the Esaki tunnel diode, quantum semiconductors and superlattices.
		Esaki's work had a tremendous influence on other scientists and future discoveries in electrical, optical and magnetic applications ranging from wireless telecommunications to semiconductor lasers and photo-detectors.
		Students receiving the SAS Institute Esaki Scholarship will study at the North Carolina State University Department of Computer Science which was established in 1967, making it one of the oldest departments of computer science in the United States.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:55533097&refid=holomed_1 (627 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Esaki received the Nobel prize in 1959 for his discovery of the "Esaki tunnel diode" while working for his thesis in 1957 at the age of 32.
		Esaki recollects when one of his important papers was rejected by Physical Review, and advises the young scientists to work without losing heart on failures.
		Esaki's talk, the chairman of the morning made a gesture that his 5 don'ts should be of use to the youngsters and asked him to make his transparencies available.
	mst.nic.in /dst/division/inter/Ramana.htm (5288 words)

	EETimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The report in 1958 of the invention of the tunnel diode by Sony Corp.'s Leo Esaki created almost as much excitement as the announcement of the transistor by Bell Labs a decade earlier.
		So remarkable was Esaki's departure that both Sony and IBM issued press releases indicating that Esaki's move had the blessings of both companies and he was leaving under the most honorable circumstances.
		Switching times for the Esaki Diode were in the picosecond range while most transistors at the time were really stepping along if they managed milliseconds.
	www.eetimes.com /special/special_issues/millennium/milestones/holonyak.html (1868 words)

	Microwave Hall of Fame - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		Leo Esaki (born in 1925), researched heavily doped silicon and germanium while working for Sony Corporation in Japan, and invented the Esaki tunnel diode during the 1950s.
		In 1964, George Matthaei, Leo Young, and EMT Jones published a little book called "Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures".
		Leo Young was born in Austria but came to America to get his PhD at JHU.
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/halloffame3.cfm (1528 words)

	96-131 (Honorary Degrees)
		She is president of the American Historical Association, a delegate to the American Council of Learned Societies, and sits on the Council of the Smithsonian Institution.
		Leo Esaki is president of the University of Tsukuba in Japan, where he is leading the effort to reform the nation's educational system.
		From 1960 to 1992, when he assumed the university's leadership, Esaki was an IBM research fellow at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, where he pioneered the design of structures with which to explore the new quantum regime in semiconductor physics.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/News_Bureau/1996-97/96-131.html (1665 words)

	Leo Esaki Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Leo_Esaki (321 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo Esaki
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo Esaki
		Esaki, Leo, born in 1925, Japanese physicist whose groundbreaking work on semiconductors earned him a Nobel Prize in 1973.
		Giaever, Ivar, born in 1929, Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics with Japanese physicist Leo Esaki and Welsh...
	encarta.msn.com /Leo_Esaki.html (96 words)

	54th Lindau Meeting - 2004 Trip Report for Day Two
		Leo Esaki presentation: "The Birth of a Superlattice and Its Evolution"
		Osheroff discussed the key evidence that was used by the commission to gain understanding of why the Columbia broke apart upon reentry.
		Leo Esaki of Japan discussed the birth of the Superlattice, which earned him the Nobel Prize.
	www.orau.gov /lindau2004/report/day2.htm (535 words)

	Leo Esaki -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leo Esaki -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		He was born in (Click link for more info and facts about Osaka, Japan) Osaka, Japan.
		His Nobel prize was awarded for research he had conducted around 1958 regarding electron tunneling in solids.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Le/Leo_Esaki.htm (103 words)

	A Negative Differential Resistance Oscillator with a Negistor
		This NDR effect in semiconductors has been discovered by Leo Esaki, he has been awarded a Nobel Prize in 1973 for his discovery of the Tunnel Effect used in the Tunnel diode.
		A tunnel diode (the Esaki diode) is a special component which has been specially designed to operate in the negative resistance region.
		Some other components which produce the NDR effect are the Gunn diode and the Lambda diode.
	www14.brinkster.com /aleatoriedad/DifNeg.htm (308 words)

	Ephrem:
		The Nobel Laureate, Dr. Leo Esaki, delivered the distinguished lecture entitled "Innovation and Evolution: Reflections on a Life in Research" in the
		In this lecture, Dr. Esaki indicated that most of the great discoveries and innovations by the Nobel Laureates occurred at the average age of 32 even though the Nobel prizes were awarded 10 or 20 years afterwards.
		Furthermore, Dr. Esaki indicated that the peak creativity of most scientists occurred around the age range of 20 to 30 years.
	faculty.kfupm.edu.sa /coe/gutub/English_Misc/Retire1.htm (1228 words)

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