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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Leo X
		The fame of Leo X is due to his promotion of literature, science, and art.
		Leo's attitude towards the imperial succession was influenced primarily by his anxiety concerning the power and independence of the Holy See and the so-called freedom of Italy.
		The only possible verdict on the pontificate of Leo X is that it was unfortunate for the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09162a.htm (4968 words)

	Pope Leo X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521), pope between 1513 and his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther first attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
		Leo is considered the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		On June 15, 1520 Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Exsurge Domine and on January 3, 1521 excommunicated Luther.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Leo_X (689 words)

	Pope Pius X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 19 May 1944, Pope Pius X's coffin was exhumed and was taken to the Chapel of the Holy Crucifix in St. Peter's Basilica for the canonical examination.
		Pius X's feast day was changed from 3 September to 21 August on 14 February 1969 by Pope Paul VI as an obligatory memorial to the sanctity of Pius X in the universal calendar.
		The papal arms of Pius X are composed of the traditional elements of all papal heraldry prior to Pope Benedict XVI: the shield, the papal tiara, and the keys.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Pius_X (3094 words)

	Pope Leo X - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521), was the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		When he became pope on March 11, 1513, Leo rejoiced; he is reported to have said to his brother Giuliano "Since God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it." And he did, traveling around Rome at the head of a lavish parade featuring panthers, jesters, and Hanno, a white elephant.
		Short on funds, Leo colluded with a German archbishop to sell indulgences, using the showy services of the monk Johann Tetzel, who entered German towns bearing the Bull of Indulgence aloft on a velvet cushion.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Pope_Leo_X (548 words)

	Leo X - Wikipedia
		Leo X, født Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (født 11.
		Leo markerte seg også som kunstelsker, og han satte særlig malerkunsten høyt.
		Leo skal ha gått sammen med dominikaneren Johann Tetzel, som solgte avlatsbrev.
	no.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leo_X (1140 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pope Leo X (portrait by Raphael) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		Hanno (in Italian, Annone) was the pet white elephant of Pope Leo X (born Giovanni deMedici), and the subject of the book The Popes Elephant: An Elephants Journey from Deep in India to the Heart of Rome by Silvio A. Bedini.
		The Luther seal Martin Luther (November 10, 1483â€“February 18, 1546) was a German theologian, an Augustinian monk, and an ecclesiastical reformer whose teachings inspired the Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines and culture of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Leo-X (2385 words)

	Martin Luther . Characters.Pope Leo X \| PBS
		Pope Leo X was born Giovanni de Medici in 1475 and raised in Italy's most culturally sophisticated city, Florence, as part of the prestigious de' Medici family, renowned patrons of the arts, benefactors of scholarship, and masters of political intrigue.
		The pomp and extravagance of his court was an indirect cause of the Reformation because to acquire the enormous sums of money for renovation, he encouraged the sale of "Indulgences," which was a promise of relief from eternal penalties.
		Pope Leo X was also the Patron of the artist Raphael and granted King Henry VIII of England the title 'Defender of the Faith'.
	www.pbs.org /empires/martinluther/char_leo.html (346 words)

	LEO X - Online Information article about LEO X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		That Leo did not do more to check the tendency toward heresy and schism in Germany and Scandinavia is to be partially explained by the political complications of the time, and by his own preoccupation with schemes of papal and Mediceanaggrandizement in Italy.
		Leo was now anxious to unite Ferrara, Parma and Piacenza to the States of the Church.
		Leo X. died on the 1st of December 1521, so suddenly that the last sacraments could not be administered; but the contemporary suspicions of poison were unfounded.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LAP_LEO/LEO_X.html (4594 words)

	Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pope Leo X(originally Giovanni de Medici) was born in 1475.
		Leo's power within the church rose and in 1513, at the age of thirty-eight, he was elected pope.
		Leo was not active theologically and did not encourage reforms necessary to the church at the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
	members.tripod.com /%7EThe_Reformation/pope.html (259 words)

	Leo X on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo Henikoff removes hors d'oeuvres from the oven while helping toÊcook dinner with his wife Carol for guests at their home in Chicago, Illinois.
		The Leo Chesney Center, a mimi mum security correctional facility in Live Oak, California, is one of the state's nine privately run prisons.
		Norbert Leo Butz at the premiere of Broadway's new musical comedy "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels" held at The Imperial Theatre in New York, on March 3, 2005.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/l/leo10.asp (951 words)

	Pope Leo X - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In early 16th century Rome, at the height of the Italian Renaissance, when artists such as Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo thrived in the Holy City, the decadent court of Pope Leo X was a place where visitors could find pleasures and entertainment more exotic than anything they had previously...
		In the tradition of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Umberto Eco, Lawrence Norfolk has created a dizzyingly dense and impressively erudite fantasy of a novel, a vast edifice based around a single, actual historical event: the sinking off the coast of Italy of a Portugese ship bound on a bizarre mission,...
		The Medici Popes: Leo X and Clement VII
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /pope_leo_x.htm (730 words)

	COB-NET Historical Notes: Pope Leo X
		The Church at Rome was badly in need of ecclesiastical reform before Pope Leo X and these new deceptive money-making schemes were the proverbial "straw that broke the camel's back." Luther responded by posting his ninety-five arguments for reform.
		The rest of Leo's life was a series of military treaties and alliances when he should have been correcting the religious turmoil that resulted from his own excesses and lack of focus.
		Leo died of malaria and was buried without pomp or recognition.
	www.cob-net.org /text/history_popeleo.htm (461 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leo X, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Leo X, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Leo was not a competent ruler; he was a good, pious man, a dilettante of letters and art, but not greatly interested in the advancement of the church.
		Leo excommunicated the reformers, notably with the bull Exsurge Domine (1520), but he failed to deal effectively with the trouble.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Leo10.html (336 words)

	Leo X. (Papst) - Wikipedia
		Leo X. Statue Papst Leos X. in der römischen Kirche Santa Maria in Aracoeli
		In die Zeit Leos X. fällt auch der Beginn der Reformation, deren Bedeutung Leo aber verkannte.
		Leo war jedoch auch gröberen Vergnügungen nicht abhold: er hatte seinen Hofnarren stets dabei und ließ ihn prügeln, sobald der nicht witzig genug auftrat.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leo_X. (313 words)

	Pope Leo X: Evaluation of His "Fable of Christ" Statement
		Encyclopaedia articles on Leo are based upon Roscoe's Life and Pontificate of Leo X (4 vols., 1805), which is very unreliable.
		Leo the tenth was a Florentine borne, of the noble house of Medicea, and called ere he were Pope John Medices.
		This Leo was of his owne nature a gentil and quiet person:but often times ruled by those that were cruell and contencious men, whom he suffered to do in many matters according to their insolent wil.
	tektonics.org /lp/popeleox.html (3126 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X (1475-1521), pope from 1513 to 1521, who was among the most extravagant of Renaissance popes.
		Francis I (of France): concordant with Leo X
		The fifth council was called by Pope Julius II in 1512 and continued by Pope Leo X, terminating in 1517.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Leo_X.html (149 words)

	Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo was short, fat and flabby and adorned on his hands were sparkling rings on nearly every finger.
		Everyone, it seemed, except Leo, knew dissent was brewing in some form as soon as he took the position of Pope.
		For example, Pope Leo once had a 120-mile road specially built to take marble to a chapel Michelangelo was working on that would hold the tomb of Leo after his passing.
	www.lancefuhrer.com /ml_pope_leo.htm (418 words)

	LEO Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch
		Dank der großzügigen, kostenfreien Überlassung der Domain leo.de durch die Carl Zeiss AG steht unseren Nutzern nun zusätzlich diese Domain als Zugang zu unserem Angebot zur Verfügung.
		Zu Beginn des Jahrtausends erfolgte die Eingliederung von LEO Electron Microscopy in die Nanotechnology Systems Division der Carl Zeiss SMT AG.
		Wir bedanken uns ganz herzlich bei Carl Zeiss, dass sie uns die Domain leo.de daraufhin spontan und kostenlos übereignete.
	dict.leo.org (333 words)

	Julius II and Leo X
		After the election of pope Leo X in March 1513, the council had three objectives: first, achieving a general peace between Christian rulers; second, church reform; and third, the defence of the faith and the rooting out of heresy.
		The seven sessions after Leo's election gave approval to a number of constitutions, among which are to be noted the condemnation of the teaching of the philosopher Pomponazzi (session 8), and the approval of the agreement completed outside the council between pope Leo X and king Francis I of France (session 11).
		Leo, bishop, servant of the servants of God, with the approval of the sacred council, for an everlasting record.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LATERAN5.HTM (8795 words)

	Leo X: (1475-1521) Pontificate (1513-1521) A renaissance pope who befriended humanists and a love of art, music, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X: (1475-1521) Pontificate (1513-1521) A renaissance pope who befriended humanists and a love of art, music, and theater making Rome a cultural center again.
		In 1520, Leo issued the papal bull Exsurge Domine demanding Luther retract 41 of his thesis, and after Luther’s refusal, had him excommunicated.
		Leo focused on papal power and not ecclesiastical reforms such as Luther’s campaign.
	www.augustana.edu /religion/lutherproject/95THESES/Leo%20X.htm (200 words)

	No Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Selling indulgences was hardly pioneered by Leo X. That is true, but Leo X took the sale of Indulgences to a new level.
		Leo X went into the business of granting Indulgences wholesale and made it very clear that he was doing it solely to raise enough money to pay off his debts.
		Selling indulgences was hardly pioneered by Leo X. Any pope, with the prospect of the St. Peter's project before him (Leo didn't initiate this, BTW, Julius II did), would have had to sponsor a new indulgence sale, I should think = and quite possibly no Reformation, at least not one that involves Luther.
	www.seriousliving.net /new-3200138-477.html (3980 words)

	Raphael: Pope Leo X with two cardinals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perhaps those who connect his name only with beautiful Madonnas and idealized figures from the classical world may even be surprised to see Raphael's portrait of his great patron Pope Leo X of the Medici family, in the company of two cardinals.
		These were troubled times, for we remember that at the very period when this portrait was painted Luther had attacked the Pope for the way he raised money for the new St Peter's.
		It so happens that it was Raphael himself whom Leo X had put in charge of this building enterprise after Bramante had died in 1514, and thus he had also become an architect, designing churches, villas and palaces and studying the ruins of ancient Rome.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/R/raphael/popeleox.jpg.html (327 words)

	Papa Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de ' Medici (de diciembre el 11 de 1475 - de diciembre el 1, 1521), era el único papa que ha concedido su propio nombre sobre su edad, y uno del pocos que extracción original ha correspondido en una cierta medida con el splendour de la dignidad pontifical.
		Corto en los fondos, leo coludió con un archbishop alemán para vender indulgencias, usando los servicios llamativos del monk Johann Tetzel, que entró en las ciudades alemanas que llevaban la Bull de la indulgencia en alto en un amortiguador del terciopelo.
		De enero el 3 de 1521 papa Leo X excommunicated a Martin Luther.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/pa/Papa%20Leo%20X.htm (534 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leo X (1475-1521), pope (1513-1521), who was among the most extravagant of Renaissance popes.
		In 1521 he wrote, largely unaided but with advice from a panel of...
		Two of the most celebrated Renaissance popes, Leo X and Clement VII, were members of the Medici family.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Leo_X.html (99 words)

	Italica - Rinascimento - Parole chiave
		Leone X si risolve ad appoggiare la candidatura di Carlo I d'Aragona, poi imperatore di Spagna e del Sacro Romano Impero con il nome di Carlo V.
		L'atteggiamento che Leone X avrà con Lutero sarà sempre improntato a una grande, perfino eccessiva cautela (e tollerante si dimostrerà anche con l'umanista olandese Erasmo da Rotterdam [1466 circa-1536], sebbene da più parti lo si ritenesse un simpatizzante dell'eresia luterana).
		Ma l'immagine della corte romana di Leone X, pur in anni tanto difficili, non può essere ridotta al solo splendore che maschera il vuoto spirituale e morale, alla tradizionale percezione di un luogo dominato dall'intrigo e dalla corruzione.
	www.italica.rai.it /rinascimento/parole_chiave/schede/leonex.html (951 words)

	Leo Prieto is News - Cooking the Internet soup since 1996
		Leo’s thoughts on technology, government and internet communications earns his site one million readers a month, making him Chile’s most influential Internet blogger and spokesperson.
		LEO PRIETO: When traditional media talk about technology, they generally just use a press release, rewrite it and publish it.
		Leo en La Serena: 3er Congreso de Emprendedores (12)
	www.leoprieto.com (3152 words)

	Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pope Leo X - Pope Leo X (1513-1521) was the son of Lorenzo de Medici.
		Pope Leo X continued the work begun during Julius II's pontificate, rebuilding all of Rome, and most specifically, St. Peter's basilica.
		His one grave error was to authorize the sale of indulgences to finance this project, an action which prompted the beginning of the Reformation movement.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/renaissance1/terms/char_23.html (83 words)

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