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Topic: Leon Moisseiff

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Golden Gate Bridge

Joseph Strauss

	American Experience \| Golden Gate Bridge \| People & Events \| PBS
		Moisseiff especially contributed to the force calculations related to wind impact on the bridge.
		"Moisseiff believed that up to half the stress caused by winds could be absorbed in a suspension bridge by the bridge cables and suspender ropes, and transmitted to the bridge towers and abutments," author John Van Der Zee said.
		Leon Moisseiff's career culminated in 1940, with a bridge spanning the Tacoma Narrows in the state of Washington.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/goldengate/peopleevents/p_moisseiff.html (592 words)

	Leon Moisseiff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leon Moisseiff was the leading suspension bridge engineer in the United States of America in the 1920s and 1930s.
		The dramatic film of the bridge's collapse, as a twisting motion added to the stress of longitudinal waves along the span, is still shown to engineering, architecture, and physics students.
		Moisseiff died of a heart attack in 1943.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leon_Moisseiff (335 words)

	Galloping Gertie
		Furthermore, the State retained Leon S. Moisseiff, the world-renowned suspension bridge builder to examine the plans concerning the superstructure.
		As to Moisseiff, he substituted the 25 foot deep open stiffening truss with an eight foot, shallow plate girder, resulting in a much lighter bridge.
		After consultation with Moisseiff, it was agreed that Eldridge's design for the substructure would be used in conjunction with Moisseiff's plans for the superstructure.
	www.nwrain.net /~newtsuit/recoveries/narrows/gg.htm (887 words)

	Interesting Engineering Event
		Next, Moisseiff’s team of engineers attempted to install a dynamic-damper, which is a device consisting of a piston in a cylinder that, in theory, counteracts the oscillations of the bridge.
		It could be said that Moisseiff failed to integrate basic principals of physics to the design of the bridge: if the bridge had been made wider, deeper, or both, it would have been much less susceptible to the twisting oscillations that ultimately destroyed it.
		Moisseiff’s credentials could not be doubted however, as he was already a pioneer in his field, with accomplishments such as being the chief design consultant for the Golden Gate bridge under his belt.
	www.pitt.edu /~vpe1/interestingengineeringevent.html (2482 words)

	ENGINEERING.com > Tacoma Bridge
		Moseff assured the board of consultant, who oversaw the construction of the bridge, that he had developed dampers to lessen the movement of the bridge.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, designed by Leon Moisseiff, with a centre font of 1800 feet (853m) and side fonts of 1100 feet (335m) was on completion in mid - 1940 the third largest suspension bridge in the world.
		Moisseiff, a well-regarded designer and researcher, calculated that a considerably lighter deck -stiffened only by a thin plate girder, not a deep truss - would do, thus cutting the cost to only $6.4 million.
	engineering.com /Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/171/Tacoma-Bridge.aspx (2251 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a mile-long (1600 meter) suspension bridge with a main span of 2800 foot (850 m) (the third-largest in the world when it was first built) that carries Washington State Route 16 across the Tacoma Narrows of Puget Sound from Tacoma to Gig Harbor, Washington.
		The first version of the bridge, nicknamed Galloping Gertie, was designed by Clark Eldridge and altered by Leon Moisseiff.
		In 1940, it became famous for a dramatic wind-induced structural collapse, an event that was caught on motion picture film.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_Collapse (2099 words)

	Tacoma Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Moseff assured the board of consultant, who oversaw the construction of the bridge, that he had developed dampers to lessen the movement of the bridge.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, designed by Leon Moisseiff, with a centre font of 1800 feet (853m) and side fonts of 1100 feet (335m) was on completion in mid - 1940 the third largest suspension bridge in the world.
		Moisseiff, a well-regarded designer and researcher, calculated that a considerably lighter deck -stiffened only by a thin plate girder, not a deep truss - would do, thus cutting the cost to only $6.4 million.
	www.engineering.com /content/ContentDisplay?contentId=41009025 (2251 words)

	Wind Disasters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Leon Moisseiff, the engineer of the bridge, had overseen the construction of a more slender bridge.
		The total length of the bridge was 7,392 feet, with a longest single span of 2,800 feet.
		A combination of high pressure and wind on the section supporting the train and poor quality of design and materials were blamed during a later public inquiry.
	www.promotega.org /asu30023/disasterswind.html (185 words)

	From Bridges and Rockets, Lessons for Software Systems
		Moisseiff had been called in to design the bridge after the design proposed by the Washington Department of Highways was rejected as being too expensive.
		Moisseiff would be in no way objectionable to users of the bridge" (ref.
		Had Moisseiff and other engineers of his time been aware of this history, and if they had studied the works and writings of such engineers as John Roebling (the designer of the Brooklyn Bridge), they might have been less inclined to dismiss the dynamic effects of wind in the way that they did.
	shemesh.larc.nasa.gov /people/cmh/ISSC99/cmh-issc-lessons.html (5984 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge: People of the 1940 Narrows Bridge
		Moisseiff redesigned the structure, and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge moved forward.
		Moisseiff's elaboration of the "deflection theory" laid the groundwork for thee decades of long-span suspension bridges that became lighter and narrower.
		Moisseiff became a private consultant and was involved in the design of almost every major suspension bridge built in the 1920s and 1930s.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /TNBhistory/People/people1.htm (2248 words)

	Software Engineering: Tacoma Narrows
		The bridge was the third longest in the world at the time with a central span of 853m and two end spans of 335m.
		Moisseiff had implemented a theory known as "deflection theory" in his design to justify the substantial reduction in strengthening materials, believing that the dead weight of the bridge would suppress the vibrations caused by wind and use.
		Leon Moisseiff, the designer of the bridge, said, "I'm completely at a loss to explain the collapse," and there is still work done in engineering circles to explain all of the causes of the failure.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /staff/stephen_marshall/SE/Failures/SE_Tacoma.html (976 words)


		Leon S. Moisseiff, O.H. Amman and Charles Derleth, Jr.
		On August 11, 1930, the War Department issued its final permit for the construction of a suspension bridge with a 4,200-foot main span with a vertical clearance of 220 feet at mid-span.
		and Leon S. Moisseiff, Consulting Architects Irving F. Morrow, along with many dedicated workers and professionals, oversaw the creation of a structure which has become world-renowned, earning the reputation as the world's most spectacular Bridge and one of the most visited sites in the world.
	goldengatebridge.org /research/ConstructionBldgGGB.php (1267 words)

	The Doctor Is In: Faith
		One of the longest suspension bridges in the world at the time, it exemplified the light, graceful architectural trend of suspension bridges built in this era.
		Called the crowning achievement of his career, designer Leon Moisseiff - the architect of the Golden Gate and Bay bridges in San Francisco - later declared "our plans seemed 100% perfect." Yet 4 months later, on November 7 1940, the Narrows Bridge catastrophically collapsed in a windstorm into Puget Sound.
		There can be no doubt that Leon Moisseiff had unshakeable faith in the reliability of his newly-completed masterpiece, and would have had no qualms whatsoever driving over it in any weather conditions.
	doctorisin.blogspot.com /2004/06/faith.html (482 words)

	A Sightseer's Guide to Engineering - Details for Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		Originally it was hoped the federal government would help pay for an $11 million bridge that would cut at least 40 miles off the trip between Tacoma and Bremerton.
		After the federal government refused, the state turned to Leon Moisseiff, who calculated that a thin-plate girder type bridge could be built for only $6.4 million.
		The replacement bridge, built in 1950, is one of the largest suspension bridges in the world.
	engineeringsights.org /SightDetail.asp?Sightid=130&id=WA&view=s&... (207 words)

	Firware Disasters 1
		Leon Moisseiff promised that his design would cut the bridge's estimated cost in half.
		Moisseiff’s new design cost a bit over $6m, clearly a huge savings.
		Moisseiff and others claimed that the wind-induced torsional flutter which led to the collapse was a new phenomenon, one never seen in civil engineering before.
	www.ganssle.com /articles/Firmwaredisasters1.htm (2005 words)

	Frank Baron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frank Martin Baron (July 7, 1914, Chicago, Illinois – October 17, 1994) served as professor of civil engineering at University of California, Berkeley and held an international reputation as an expert in the fields of bridge and roof-structure design, and seismic and wind analysis.
		He was twice the recipient of the prized Leon S. Moisseiff Award issued annually by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and among his manifold professional affiliations, served as chairman of the US Council of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
		Baron’s research interests traced the current of cutting-edge theory in civil engineering design and construction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frank_Baron (503 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge - Engineer Girl
		After the Federal Government refused to pay $11 million to build a bridge that crossed the Tacoma Narrows (cutting at least 40 miles off the trip between Tacoma and Bremerton, WA), the state turned to engineer Leon Moisseiff.
		Moisseiff calculated that he could design a thin-plate girder-type bridge for only $6.4 million.
		On July 1, 1940, after two years of construction, the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge was opened to the public.
	www.engineergirl.org /CMS/FunFacts/3527.aspx (193 words)

	New York Architecture Images-Manhattan Bridge
		Nichols selected a design based on a new theory - deflection theory - that was developed by Leon Moisseiff, a design engineer with the Bridge Department.
		According to deflection theory, suspension bridges are stronger than they at first were considered, because the curve of in the cables makes them more efficient in carrying loads than stiffer types of bridges, allowing bridges to require less material.
		This oversight came to the fore in wake of the 1907 collapse of the Quebec Bridge.
	www.nyc-architecture.com /BRI/BRI002-ManhattanBridge.htm (1507 words)

	Field Notes - West Carson St Tunnel Portal
		Chief Engineer for the Golden Gate Bridge, Joseph Strauss' early plans (c1924) called for a bridge which was a combination of design types: cantilever truss towers with suspension cables supporting the main span.
		Strauss brought in Leon S. Moisseiff, Charles Ellis, Othmar Ammann and Charles Derleth, Jr.
		Moisseiff, who later designed the spectacular failure of "Galloping Gertie" at Tacoma Narrows, WA, proposed a new design for the Golden Gate Bridge in 1929 -- a single span suspension bridge.
	pghbridges.com /articles/fieldnote_goldengate.htm (386 words)

	Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		This plan was generally regarded as unsightly, and a far cry from the elegant, understated lines that define the Bridge today.
		After Strauss submitted his first design, Consulting Engineer, Leon S. Moisseiff, theorized that a long span suspension bridge could cross the Gate.
		Even after Moisseiff and Strauss began to refine the new design, it wasn't until Consulting Architects, Irving F. Morrow and his wife, Gertrude C. Morrow, joined the project that the art deco styling began to take shape.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /golden_gate_bridge.htm (668 words)

	Gig Harbor Peninsula Historical Society & Museum, Washington~the Unique History of the Peninsula-On-Line Exhibits
		One of them, Leon Moisseiff, suggested the superstructure could be reduced in size.
		Consulting engineer Leon Moisseiff proposed that the trusses could be reduced, creating a shallower roadway and making the bridge look like a long, graceful ribbon.
		The Toll Bridge Authority took Moisseiff's suggestion and did a redesign that substituted a plate girder stiffening system only 8 feet deep.
	www.gigharbormuseum.org /nbonlinexhibit.html (2881 words)

	BUILDING BIG: Databank: Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		The disaster -- which luckily took no human lives -- shook the engineering community and forever changed the way bridges were built around the world.
		Engineer Leon Moisseiff had designed the ultimate in slender bridges.
		Moisseiff strengthened his narrow bridge with a solid steel girder beneath the roadway.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/tacoma_narrows.html (294 words)

	Field Notes - West Carson St Tunnel Portal
		Chief Engineer for the Golden Gate Bridge, Joseph Strauss' early plans (c1924) called for a bridge which was a combination of design types: cantilever truss towers with suspension cables supporting the main span.
		Strauss brought in Leon S. Moisseiff, Charles Ellis, Othmar Ammann and Charles Derleth, Jr.
		Moisseiff, who later designed the spectacular failure of "Galloping Gertie" at Tacoma Narrows, WA, proposed a new design for the Golden Gate Bridge in 1929 -- a single span suspension bridge.
	www.pghbridges.com /articles/fieldnote_goldengate.htm (386 words)

	Golden Gate Suspension Bridge
		This plan was generally regarded as unsightly, and some doubted that the design was worthy of a bridge that was to have the world's longest span.
		After Strauss submitted his first design, Consulting Engineer Leon S. Moisseiff theorized that a long span suspension bridge could cross the Gate, in spite of the strong winds that pass through the corridor.
		A suspension structure of this length had never been tried before.
	www.bridgepros.com /projects/Goldengate/Golden_Gate.htm (472 words)

	DRPA :: History Timeline
		The commission's vice chairman is Richard T. Collings, the former mayor of Collingswood, N.J. Collings became known as the "Father of the Delaware River Bridge." The other New Jersey commissioners are members of the state's Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission.
		In one of its first official acts, the commission names Ralph Modjeski as bridge engineer and Leon S. Moisseiff as design engineer.
		Together they face the task of designing and building the longest suspension bridge in the world at that time.
	www.drpa.org /drpa/drpa_history.html (1765 words)

	American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This prize, established by the Society in April 1947, is a memorial in recognition of the accomplishments of Leon S. Moisseiff, M.ASCE, a notable contributor to the science and art of structural design.
		Moisseiff's friends to set up the medal, with certificate, and to establish a trust fund to support the yearly awards.
		Award of the prize in every year is not mandatory.
	www.asce.org /pressroom/honors/honors_details.cfm?hdlid=46 (280 words)

	Infamous Bridge Disasters
		Washington State Department of Highways gave the project of designing the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to an engineer of their own, Clark Elderidge.
		After Elderidge had finished the plans, “the State retained Leon S. Moisseiff, the world-renowned suspension bridge builder to examine the plans concerning the superstructure.”(2) The author of Building Big states that “Moisseiff had designed the ultimate in slender bridges.”(1) Checking over the plans, Moisseiff made many changes.
		Most significant of these alterations was to replace the 25 ft. open girders with 8 ft. shallow plate girders.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/aschaeff/tacoma/tacoma.html (473 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: Stillman Fires Collection: Tacoma Fire Dept
		Real life applications of oscillating waves in action are hard to find, but this movie will bring home the point.
		Indeed, this project was the high point and the termination of Leon Moisseiff's carrier.
		My grandfather was standing next to the man taking the final footage of the bridge falling.
	www.archive.org /details/Pa2096Tacoma (838 words)

	Today in Technology History - Nov 7
		It was then the third-longest suspension bridge in the world, consisting of two 420-foot towers out in the water with a 2800-foot span of roadway suspended between them, and another 1100 feet on each side.
		The long, narrow bridge was designed by Leon Moisseiff (1872-1943), a world-renowned bridge engineer.
		Soon, travelers noticed something odd about the bridge: it swayed in windy weather, sometimes making drivers seasick.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2001/nov7.htm (388 words)

	CNN.com - New York City Director's Blog - Feb 13, 2006
		Interesting side point: the Manhattan Bridge was designed by Leon Moisseiff, who also designed the infamous Tacoma Narrows Bridge that twisted to pieces in a stiff breeze 65 years ago (this was filmed and can be seen on the internet...
		The Manhattan Bridge is now undergoing a multi-billion dollar rehab because Moisseiff put the subway tracks on the outside of the bridge, which puts considerable strain on either wing of the bridge every time one of the trains rolls across.
		Anyway, I'm sitting there in my car, thinking about all this and wondering how I'm going to get back in time to find Byron.
	www.cnn.com /2006/TRAVEL/02/03/newyork.blog/index.html (848 words)

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